Search

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine in which species and under what conditions lens tumors occur. Design A review of databases of available human and veterinary ocular pathologic material and the previously reported literature. Participants Approximately 18 000 patients who had ocular surgical specimens submitted and studied at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health between 1920 and 2014 and 45 000 ocular veterinary cases from the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin between 1983 and 2014. Methods Material in 2 major archived collections at the University of Wisconsin medical and veterinary schools were studied for occurrence of lens tumors. Tumor was defined as a new growth of tissue characterized by progressive, uncontrolled proliferation of cells. In addition, cases presented at 3 major eye pathologic societies (Verhoeff-Zimmerman Ophthalmic Pathology Society, Eastern Ophthalmic Pathology Society, and The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Ophthalmic Alumni Society) from 1975 through 2014 were reviewed. Finally, a careful search of the literature was carried out. Approval from the institutional review board to carry out this study was obtained. Main Outcome Measures The presence of tumors of the lens. Results The database search and literature review failed to find an example of a lens tumor in humans. In contrast, examples of naturally occurring lens tumors were found in cats, dogs, rabbits, and birds. In the veterinary school database, 4.5% of feline intraocular and adnexal neoplasms (234/5153) were designated as feline ocular posttraumatic sarcoma, a tumor previously demonstrated to be of lens epithelial origin. Similar tumors were seen in rabbit eyes, a bird, and in a dog. All 4 species with lens tumors had a history of either ocular trauma or protracted uveitis. The literature search also revealed cases where lens tumors were induced in zebrafish, rainbow trout, hamsters, and mice by carcinogenic agents (methylcholanthrene, thioacetamide), oncogenic viruses (SV40, HPV-16), and genetic manipulation. Conclusions Our results suggest that lens tumors do not occur in humans. In contrast, after lens capsule rupture, a lens tumor can occur in other species. We hypothesize that a genetic mechanism exists that prevents lens tumors in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of 2-methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1α-hydroxybishomopregnacalciferol (2MbisP) in inhibiting the growth of retinoblastoma (RB) and neuroblastoma (NB). Methods: For the RB study, the xenograft athymic mouse/human retinoblastoma cell (Y-79) model and the transgenic β-luteinizing hormone-large T antigen (LHβ-Tag) mice were systemically treated with 2MbisP or vehicle for 5 weeks. For the NB study, the xenograft athymic mouse/human neuroblastoma cell (SK-N-AS) model was treated with 2MbisP or vehicle for 5 weeks. Tumor size and toxicity were assessed. Results: In the xenograft models of RB and NB, 2MbisP caused statistically significant inhibition of tumor growth. Tumor growth inhibition was also observed in the transgenic RB mice, but did not achieve statistical significance. In all the groups, no biologically significant toxic effects were observed using the following variables: serum calcium levels, degree of kidney calcification, changes in body weight or survival. Conclusions: In athymic mice, 2MbisP was effective in inhibiting RB and NB growth compared with controls. A lesser effect was seen in the transgenic RB model. 2MbisP did not cause hypercalcemia or a significant increase in mortality. Clinical relevance: 2MbisP should be considered for use in clinical trials of RB and NB. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: This lecture honors the memory of Dr. Robert M. Ellsworth,an important figure in the development of current treatments of retinoblastoma(RB), and reviews our studies of vitamin D analogs as treatments for retinoblastomain two experimental mouse models. We identified vitamin D receptors in retinoblastomaand examined the effectiveness and mechanism of action of these analogs. Methods: Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplificationwas used to detect vitamin D receptor mRNAs in human and mouse retinoblastomas.The effectiveness and toxicity of vitamin D[sub 2] , calcitriol, and syntheticanalogs were studied in the athymic/Y-79 xenograft and transgenic mouse modelsof RB. Dosing was 5X/week for five weeks. Dose-response studies focused ontumor inhibition; toxicity studies investigated survival and serum calcium.The mechanism of action of vitamin D was investigated using terminal transferasedUTP labeling 3′-overhang ligation to measure apoptosis; immunohistochemistrymeasured p53-dependent gene expression and cell proliferation. Result: Vitamin D receptor mRNAs were detectable in Y-79 RB cells, LHβ-Tagtumors, and human RB specimens using RT-PCR. Calcitriol inhibited cell growth in vitro . Calcitriol and vitamin D[sub 2] inhibited in vivo growth in xenograft and transgenic models, but therapeutic levels weretoxic due to hypercalcemia. Two analogs, 16,23-D[sub 3] and 1α-OH-D[sub 2] , inhibited tumors in animal models of RB with reduced toxicity. Themechanism of action appears related to increased p53-related gene expressionresulting in increased apoptosis. Conclusion: 16,23-D[sub 3] and 1α-OH-D[sub 2] are effective in tumor reduction in two mousemodels of RB with low toxicity. These results warrant initiating phase 1 andphase 2 clinical studies in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the role of automobiles in constructing racial categories in the United States. Approaches to traffic safety; Effects on the traffic law enforcement system; Role of the society in traffic safety.

The article discusses psychological testing of automobile drivers performed by the Psychopathic Clinic affiliated with the Traffic Court of the Detroit Recorder's Court. Between 1936 and 1965 more than 15,000 drivers who had either run afoul of the traffic codes or been involved in a traffic collision. A statistical analysis of these cases reveals that the psychologists and psychiatrists working at the clinic were reinforcing existing ethnic, racial, and gender stereotypes in their pursuit of traffic safety. Patients who were deemed unfit drivers were recommended to the judges for sanctions ranging from license revokations to forced committment. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author presents his views on pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT). He reflects several reports which include that around 40 percent of child physical abuse cases result in criminal prosecution, abusive head trauma causes significant disability in child abuse cases and the conviction rate for fatal child abuse cases is found to be around 88 percent. It suggests that a certification program should be developed for medical professionals for diagnoses of suspected AHT.

The article presents an overview of the artwork of Thomas Eakins, who lived from 1844 to 1916 and who was considered by many to be the most mature and powerful American portraitist of his time but who also failed to achieve popular and critical success for much of his lifetime. A discussion of Eakins' strong ties to the medical profession and of the portraits which he completed which were thought to be his most impressive, is presented. A detailed examination of Eakins' portrait of Dr. William Thompson is offered.

Discusses artists Rembrandt Van Rijn's series of drawings devoted to the Apocryphal story of Tobit and Tobias. Details of the story; Rembrandt's interest in the story for which he created a number of drawings, etchings and paintings; Critique of the drawing 'The Eye Operation.'

The article talks about the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network, an editorial system that interconnects JAMA and the 9 Archives Journals. All 9 of the Archives Journals have been renamed to "JAMA Dermatology," "JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery," "JAMA Internal Medicine," and others. The aim of the JAMA Network is to unite 10 journals linked by their commitment to the same medical and scientific excellence. It also aims to offer their content in different languages.

The article presents information related to the editorial policies of the periodical, and informs that new names for the group of scientific publications of the periodical will effect from January 1, 2013.

Latanoprost, used clinically in the treatment of glaucoma, induces growth of lashes and ancillary hairs around the eyelids. Manifestations include greater thickness and length of lashes, additional lash rows, conversion of vellus to terminal hairs in canthal areas as well as in regions adjacent to lash rows. In conjunction with increased growth, increased pigmentation occurs. Vellus hairs of the lower eyelids also undergo increased growth and pigmentation. Brief latanoprost therapy for 2–17 days (3–25.5 μg total dosage) induced findings comparable to chronic therapy in five patients. Latanoprost reversed alopecia of the eyelashes in one patient. Laboratory experiments with latanoprost have demonstrated stimulation of hair growth in mice and in the balding scalp of the stumptailed macaque, a primate that demonstrates androgenetic alopecia. The increased number of visible lashes is consistent with the ability of latanoprost to induce anagen (the growth phase) in telogen (resting) follicles while inducing hypertrophic changes in the involved follicles. The increased length of lashes is consistent with the ability of latanoprost to prolong the anagen phase of the hair cycle. Correlation with laboratory studies suggests that initiation and completion of latanoprost hair growth effects occur very early in anagen and the likely target is the dermal papilla. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The new glaucoma drugs latanoprost, isopropyl unoprostone, travoprost, and bimatoprost cause increased pigmentation of the iris in some patients. The purpose of the present article is to survey the available preclinical and clinical data on prostaglandin-induced iris pigmentation and to assess the phenomenon from a clinical perspective. Most of the data have been obtained with latanoprost, and it appears that there is a predisposition to latanoprost-induced iris pigmentation in individuals with hazel or heterochromic eye color. As latanoprost and travoprost are selective agonists for the prostaglandin F2α receptor, it is likely that the phenomenon is mediated by this receptor. Several studies indicate that latanoprost stimulates melanogenesis in iridial melanocytes, and transcription of the tyrosinase gene is upregulated. The safety aspects of latanoprost-induced iris pigmentation have been addressed in histopathologic studies, and no evidence of harmful consequences of the side effect has been found. Although a final assessment of the clinical significance of prostaglandin-induced iris pigmentation currently is impossible to make, it appears that the only clear-cut disadvantage is a potential heterochromia between the eyes in unilaterally treated patients because the heterochromia is likely to be permanent, or very slowly reversible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Recently, the authors encountered an intriguing and largely incomplete ophthalmoscope. The quest to identify and restore it led to a re-evaluation of the evolution of the modern-day ophthalmoscope and a re-examination of the life and contributions of its inventor, the Norwegian ophthalmologist Hjalmar August Schiøtz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Instability of the tear film leads to evaporative dry eye disease (EDED), but the Harderian gland in some terrestrial vertebrates may produce novel lipids that stabilize the tear film and protect against dry eye. Here, the nonpolar lipids in the Harderian gland and tears of the rabbit but absent in human tears were identified and tested in preclinical studies to determine whether they could treat severe EDED. Methods: Lipids were identified primarily by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS) and fragmentation MS/MS. An identified lipid was synthesized and formulated as an emulsion and as a cyclodextrin (CD) clathrate. Following doses with test agents and controls, tear film breakup time (TBUT), tear production, corneal fluorescein staining, macrophage infiltration, and goblet cell survival were measured using standard tests at 0, 2 and 4 weeks in an animal model of EDED. Results: The lipid emulsion increased TBUT (P < 0.01) and tear production (P < 0.05), while it decreased corneal staining (P < 0.01) compared to controls. The lipid CD formulation increased TBUT (P < 0.05) and tear production (P < 0.05) but had no significant effect on the remaining test parameters. There were no differences in macrophage infiltration and conjunctival impression cytology scores between the formulations and their vehicle controls. Conclusions: Lipids in the rabbit Harderian gland and tears differ from those identified in human meibum and tears. These unique rabbit lipids may confer a protective effect against EDED and, as supplements to human tears, fulfill a similar role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To provide basic information about the Open Access concept and its historical development, define the benefits and challenges inherent in this new model, and identify the value of the traditional print model and its movement towards more open access. Design: Review of current information on the subject from numerous sources. Methods: Medline search and Internet search engines on the topic of Open Access Publishing. Results: The Open Access initiative derives from several premises: medical libraries can no longer afford journal subscriptions; society benefits from the open exchange of ideas; society has in large part already paid for this research; the Internet provides an available venue. The traditional journal publishers model, however, has functioned well over many years with a robust peer review system and increasing Internet digital components permitting search and cross referencing, including elements of the Open Access model. Conclusions: It will be difficult to maintain the costs of both the traditional journal system and the fully implemented Open Access model. Any decisions that are made must ensure that the archive of prior medical knowledge is not lost, that financial barriers do not restrict publication, and that research continues to be available to those who need it, in the media that they prefer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Latanoprost, a selective FP prostanoid receptor agonist used in the treatment of glaucoma, has a hypertrichotic side effect. Using the macaque model of androgenetic alopecia, we examined the effect of latanoprost on hair growth. Eight monkeys were divided into 2 groups; one group received a daily topical application of 50 μg/ml of latanoprost for 5 months; a control group had a daily application of vehicle. For an additional 3 months, 2 monkeys from each group were given 500 μg/ml latanoprost, while the remaining monkeys continued with the previous treatment. Hair growth was evaluated by monthly photographs and phototricho-graphic analysis. Fifty μg/ml of latanoprost caused minimal hair growth. Latanoprost at 500 μg/ml induced moderate to marked hair regrowth with 5-10% conversion of vellus hairs to intermediary or terminal hairs. The vehicle group showed no effect. Further evaluation of latanoprost as an agent for treatment of human androgenetic alopecia is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muir-Torre syndrome, a variant of Lynch syndrome or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by skin neoplasms (sebaceous or keratoacanthomas) and visceral malignancies. Due to the rarity of the syndrome there are no firm guidelines on how and when to test patients with its typical skin lesions. We describe a case that highlights the importance of a detailed family history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited disorder often associated with optic nerve gliomas, low-grade brain tumors, and readily visible signs. Though these features are frequently emphasized, the psychosocial and emotional morbidities are often overlooked. We present a patient with depressive disorder resulting in suicide in a patient with NF1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented regarding drug-induced cicatrising granulomatous conjunctivitis.

The objective of this study was to determine whether resveratrol or a defined, reconstituted grape powder can attenuate the formation of new blood vessels in a mouse model of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). To accomplish this objective, C57BL/6J mice were randomized into control or treatment groups which received either resveratrol or grape powder by daily oral gavage, resveratrol or grape powder delivered ad libitum through the drinking water, or resveratrol by slow release via implanted osmotic pumps. A laser was used to rupture Bruch's membrane to induce CNV which was then detected in sclerochoroidal eyecups stained with antibodies against intercellular adhesion molecule-2. CNV area was measured using fluorescence microscopy and Image J software. Ad libitum delivery of both resveratrol and grape powder was shown to significantly reduce the extent of CNV by 68% and 57%, respectively. Parallel experiments conducted in vitro demonstrated that resveratrol activates p53 and inactivates Akt/protein kinase B in choroidal endothelial cells, contributing to its anti-proliferative and anti-migratory properties. In addition resveratrol was shown to inhibit the formation of endothelial cell networks, augmenting its overall anti-angiogenic effects. The non-toxic nature of resveratrol makes it an especially attractive candidate for the prevention and/or treatment of CNV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many cancers, the lack of potency and the toxicity of current drugs limits the dose achievable in patients and the efficacy of treatment. Among them, retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the eye for which better chemotherapeutic options are needed. Combination therapy is a compelling approach to enhance the efficacy of current treatment, however clinical trials to test rationally designed combinations of approved drugs are slow and expensive, and limited by our lack of in-depth knowledge of drug specificity. Since many patients already turn to nutraceuticals in hopes of improving their condition, we hypothesized that certain approved drugs could potentially synergize with widely consumed supplements. Following this hypothesis, we devised an alternative screening strategy aimed at taking advantage of a bait compound such as a nutraceutical with potential therapeutic benefits but low potency, by screening chemical libraries for approved drugs that synergize with this companion effector. As a proof of concept, we sought to identify approved drugs with synergetic therapeutic effects toward retinoblastoma cells in combination with the antioxidant resveratrol, popular as a supplement. We systematically tested FDA-approved drugs and known bioactives seeking to identify such pairs, which led to uncovering only a few additive combinations; but to our surprise, we identified a class of anticancer drugs widely used in the clinic whose therapeutic effect is antagonized with resveratrol. Our observations could explain in part why some patients do not respond well to treatment. Our results validate this alternative approach, and we expect that our companion effector strategy could significantly impact both drug discovery and the nutraceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To determine if an attenuated herpes simplex virus (HSV) lacking the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase has antitumor effects in a transgenic mouse model of retinoblastoma (LHβTAg). Methods. LHβTAg mice were injected ocularly with 1 × 10 6 pfu of the hrR3 virus and tumor sizes were measured 3 weeks later. Replication of the virus in the eye and cultured murine retinoblastoma cells was tested by titration. Distribution of the virus in tumor was measured by X-gal staining. Results. Intraocular injection of mice with hrR3 (n = 24) did not result in a significant reduction in tumor size compared to uninjected (n = 24) or PBS injected controls (n = 16). Neither the hrR3, nor the HSV RE6 mutant, which was previously shown to have antitumor effects in vivo , replicated in cultured murine tumor cells in vitro , compared to wild-type HSV. The hrR3 virus also did not replicate significantly in tumor cells in vivo , compared to normal eye tissue. Conclusions. These results suggest that mutant HSV lacking ribonucleotide reductase do not display oncolytic activity in the LHβTAg mouse and that this model may not be suitable for studying viral oncolysis as a therapy for retinoblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: PurposeTo determine the effectiveness of a vitamin D analog, 1α-hydroxyvitamin D2 (1α-OH-D2), in inhibiting retinoblastoma in a transgenic retinoblastoma model (LHβ-Tag mouse) and to evaluate its toxicity.: DesignExperimental study using an animal (LHβ-Tag transgenic mouse) randomized (controlled) trial.: Participants and controlsTwo hundred seventeen LHβ-Tag transgene-positive 8- to 10-week-old mice total; 179 drug-treated animals, 38 control animals.: MethodsMice were fed a vitamin D- and calcium-restricted diet and were randomized to treatment groups receiving control (vehicle), or 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, or 1.0 μg/day of 1α-OH-D2 via oral gavage 5 times weekly for 5 weeks. Body weight was measured at the start of treatment and twice weekly during treatment. Animals were euthanized on the last day of treatment. The eyes were enucleated, processed histologically, and serially sectioned. Representative sections from the superior, middle, and inferior regions of each globe were examined microscopically and tumor areas were measured using Optimas software. Serum was collected for serum calcium levels. Kidneys were removed for histologic processing and were analyzed microscopically for kidney calcification.: Main outcome measuresMean tumor area was measured to determine drug effectiveness. Toxicity was assessed by survival, weight loss over the treatment period, serum calcium, and kidney calcification.: ResultsThe mean tumor size in each 1α-OH-D2 group was smaller than controls (all P values < 0.02): control, 90,248 μm2; 0.1 μg, 31,545 μm2; 0.3 μg, 16,750 μm2; 0.5 μg, 30,245 μm2; and 1.0 μg, 16,049 μm2. No dose-dependent response curve was evident. The survival percentage for each group was as follows: control, 97%; 0.1 μg, 91%; 0.3 μg, 88%; 0.5 μg, 70%; and 1.0 μg, 63%. Mortality was higher in the 0.5-μg and 1.0-μg doses (P values < 0.01) compared with other treatment groups and with the control group. Serum calcium levels were significant in all treatment groups compared with controls (all P values < 0.0001).: ConclusionsIn the LHβ-Tag mouse, 1α-OH-D2 inhibits retinoblastoma with no significant increase in mortality in lower doses (0.1–0.3 μg). 1α-OH-D2 has approval by the Food and Drug Administration as an investigative drug for cancer treatment, and has shown efficacy with low toxicity in adult cancer trials. 1α-OH-D2 meets the criteria for human clinical trials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

: ObjectiveTo describe the frequency and predictors of local treatment failure and enucleation after iodine 125 (I125) brachytherapy in patients with choroidal melanoma treated and followed up in a large randomized clinical trial.: DesignProspective, noncomparative, interventional case series within a randomized, multicenter clinical trial.: ParticipantsPatients enrolled in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) trial of enucleation versus brachytherapy between February 1987 and July 1998; tumors measured 2.5 to 10.0 mm in apical height and no more than 16.0 mm in longest basal dimension.: MethodsI125 brachytherapy was administered via episcleral plaque according to a standard protocol. Follow-up ophthalmic evaluations, including ophthalmic ultrasound and fundus photography, were performed according to a standard protocol at baseline, every 6 months thereafter for 5 years, and subsequently at annual intervals. Survival analysis methods were used to estimate the cumulative risk of postirradiation treatment failure and enucleation. Factors associated with treatment failure and enucleation of plaqued eyes were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards analysis.: Main outcome measuresReports of enucleation and of local treatment failure, defined as tumor growth, recurrence, or extrascleral extension, derived from clinical reports based on echographic and photographic documentation.: ResultsAs of September 30, 2000, 638 of the 650 patients randomized to brachytherapy and so treated had been followed up for 1 year or longer, and 411 had been followed up for at least 5 years. Sixty-nine eyes were enucleated during the first 5 years after brachytherapy, and treatment failure was reported for 57 eyes. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of proportion of patients undergoing enucleation by 5 years was 12.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.0%–15.6%); the risk of treatment failure was 10.3% (95% CI, 8.0%–13.2%). Treatment failure was the most common reason for enucleation within 3 years of treatment; beyond 3 years, ocular pain was most common. Risk factors for enucleation were greater tumor thickness, closer proximity of the posterior tumor border to the foveal avascular zone, and poorer baseline visual acuity in the affected eye. Risk factors for treatment failure were older age, greater tumor thickness, and proximity of the tumor to the foveal avascular zone. Local treatment failure was associated weakly with reduced survival after controlling for baseline tumor and personal characteristics (adjusted risk ratio, 1.5; P = 0.08).: ConclusionsLocal treatment failure and enucleation were relatively infrequent events after I125 brachytherapy within the COMS. Treatment failure typically occurred early and was associated weakly with poorer survival. The COMS randomized trial documented the absence of a clinically or statistically significant difference in survival for patients randomly assigned to enucleation versus brachytherapy. This analysis documents the efficacy of brachytherapy to achieve sustained local tumor control and to conserve the globe. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical, radiographica, and histopathologic findings in two pediatric patients with orbital IgG4-related disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a growing cause of lifelong blindness and visual defects as improved neonatal care worldwide increases survival in very-low-birthweight preterm newborns. Advancing ROP is managed by laser surgery or a single intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF, typically at 33–36 weeks gestational age. While newer methods of scanning and telemedicine improve monitoring ROP, the above interventions are more difficult to deliver in developing countries. There is also concern as to laser-induced detachment and adverse developmental effects in newborns of anti-VEGF treatment, spurring a search for alternative means of mitigating ROP. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a potent angiogenesis inhibitor appears late in gestation, is undetected in 25–28 week vitreous, but present at full term. Its absence may contribute to ROP upon transition from high-to-ambient oxygen environment or with intermittent hypoxia. We recently described antiangiogenic PEDF-derived small peptides which inhibit choroidal neovascularization, and suggested that their target may be laminin receptor, 67LR. The latter has been implicated in oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy (OIR). Here we examined the effect of a nonapeptide, PEDF 336, in a newborn mouse OIR model. Neovascularization was significantly decreased in a dose-responsive manner by single intravitreal (IVT) injections of 1.25–7.5 μg/eye (1.0–6.0 nmol/eye). By contrast, anti-mouse VEGFA 164 was only effective at 25 ng/eye, with limited dose-response. Combination of anti-VEGFA 164 with PEDF 336 gave only the poorer anti-VEGF response while abrogating the robust inhibition seen with peptide-alone, suggesting a need for VEGF in sensitizing the endothelium to the peptide. VEGF stimulated 67LR presentation on endothelial cells, which was decreased in the presence of PEDF 336. Mouse and rabbit eyes showed no histopathology or inflammation after IVT peptide injection. Thus, PEDF 336 is a potential ROP therapeutic, but is not expected to be beneficial in combination with anti-VEGF. • PEDF-derived 9-mer peptide, PEDF 336, previously shown to inhibit laser-induced CNV in mice was tested in OIR. • IVT injection of 1 μL PEDF 336 (1.25–7.5 μg) in neonatal mouse eyes at transition from 75% O2 to room air (P12) reduced NV and VO at P17. • While PEDF 336 displayed dose-responsive efficacy, anti-mouse VEGFA164 was active only at 25 ng/eye, but not at half or twice this dose. • Combination of both peptide and anti-VEGF showed only antibody efficacy but not robust peptide activity, thus the latter may require VEGF. • PEDF 336 contains a 5-mer epitope, Y- - - R, that binds laminin receptor, 67LR,which increased on choroidal EC after exposure to VEGF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]