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Fabricating composite membranes with enhanced permeance and desirable properties for treating aqueous solutions is an effective approach to developing advancing membrane technology. In this study, a sensor membrane was prepared for the sorption and detection of As(III) ions in aqueous solutions. A novel membrane based on polysulfone (PSF) with varying concentrations of iron complexes was prepared using the phase inversion method. The composite membranes were analyzed using FTIR, SEM, XRD, AFM, and TGA. The structures of the membranes exhibited good dispersibility and compatibility with the complexes within the PSF matrix. TGA analysis showed that the thermal stability of the membranes was significantly improved compared to that of pure PSF. The membranes were evaluated as sensors for detecting extremely low concentrations of As(III) ions in aqueous solutions using the quartz crystal microbalance technique. The results indicate that the composite membrane sensors could detect small amounts of As(III) ions in aqueous solutions at different temperatures. Notably, PSF/TBPFe5 at 45°C demonstrated superior sensitivity for As ion detection. Therefore, these membranes are ideal materials for assessing water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coordination polymer {[Cu6(CN)6]·HPD}n, CP1; (HPD = heptane‐1,7‐diamine) was prepared and characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), and elemental analyses. The copper atoms are coordinated by C ≡ N ligands, and both exhibit tetrahedral geometry. Cu1 and Cu2 create the pretty unique cluster structure of two quadruple [Cu2(μ3‐CN)2] units exhibiting coprophilic interaction. The building blocks [Cu3(CN)3]2 form fused distorted rectangular rings surrounded with the [Cu2(μ3‐CN)2] motifs exhibiting wide voids to accommodate the guest HPD. The structure of 1 indicates the formation of channels with dimensions 5.121–8.469 Ǻ which extend three‐dimensionally creating fused cavity morphology with different shapes. CP1 was utilized as an efficient sensor for selective quantitative estimation of metal ions (Co2+) and explosives (NB). Advanced oxidation process (AOP) was used as an efficient photocatalyst for the removal of the antibiotic meloxicam (MEL) utilizing AOP in the presence of H2O2 as an oxidant. Scavenge experiments, reusability of catalyst 1, and mechanism of oxidation were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel compounds with pharmacological activity were synthesized from Pd(II), Fe(III), Cr(III), Ni(II), and Cu(II) ions with 1‐cyclopropyl‐6‐fluoro‐4‐(2‐hydroxy‐phenylimino)‐7‐piperazin‐1‐yl‐1,4‐dihydro‐quinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid (CFAP). The ligand's NH and OH groups allowed it to interact with the metals as a neutral tridentate. The investigated novel compounds were described using 1H and 13C NMR spectra, FT‐IR spectrums, TGA and UV–Vis (conductance of molecules), and CHN‐analysis. Additionally, the pH profile of the CFAP complexes indicated great stability, and the complexes' stability constant was discovered in the solution. To extract important properties for CFAP and its complexes, computational research was used, CFAPCu, CFAPCr, CFAPNi, and CFAPFe have octahedral geometry, while CFAPPd has square planar geometry. To investigate the molecular geometry, density functional theory calculations (DFT) were carried out. The molar ratio and continuous fluctuation data confirmed that the (M:L) ratio was (1:1). In vitro tests were conducted to evaluate Schiff base's antimicrobial action ligand and its metal chelates against fungal and bacterial infections. The findings showed that the antimicrobial efficacy is as follows: When CFAPPd is compared to fluconazol and ofloxacin as reference medications, it is the highly inhibitor complex. The novel CFAP ligand and its complexes were investigated for In vitro carcinogenic potential against Hep‐G2, MCF‐7, and HCT‐116 cell lines. As compared to the medication vinblastine, the results once again demonstrated that CFAPPd is the most active agent. Moreover, the complexes demnstrated strong reactivity in capturing free radicals when their antioxidant activity was investigated. Viscosity, spectral investigations, and gel electrophoreses were used to identify the interaction between metal chelates and DNA. Every examined compound is shown to be an enthusiastic DNA binder by viscosity and spectrophotometric titration investigations. The heightened hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between aromatic rings could be the cause of this. Ultimately, these compounds could be regarded as promising bioactive substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two nano-Schiff base complexes [CuSB1] and [AgHSB2] were investigated by physical and spectroscopic measurements. • The optimized geometrical structures of H2SB, 1, 2 and HOMO–LUMO representations were performed by Cluster calculations. • Cu and Ag atoms form square planar and tetrahedral geometries, respectively. • 1 and 2 exhibit efficient catalytic activity to prepare different triazoles (3–8). using single pot selective cycloaddition reaction. • The activity of compounds 1–4 against the antimicrobial and fungi had been tested by disc diffusion method. 1,2,3-Triazoles are one of the most important nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocycles and have a wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, chemical biology, and industry. Therefore, the development of facile and straightforward methodology for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles is of noteworthy interest. Click chemistry represents the most facile, easy and one pot reaction method to synthesize catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Nano-scaled bis(2 ‑ hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylidene) ethane-1,2-diamine copperII [CuSB 1 ] and nano-silver ethane-1,2-diamine bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylidene) [AgHSB 2 ] complexes where H 2 SB= 1,2-diamino ethane-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylidene), were synthesized utilizing ultrasonic green method. The catalysts were examined by elemental analyses, molar conductance, and spectrophotometric tests. The optimized geometrical structures of H 2 SB, [CuSB 1 ] , [AgHSB 2 ], and HOMO–LUMO representations were performed by Cluster calculations using DMOL3 program. TEM images showed narrower morphology and regular nanostructures of the catalysts. CuSB 1 ] and [AgHSB 2 ] exhibit efficient catalytic activity to prepare different triazoles (3–8). using single-pot selective cycloaddition reaction within very short time and excellent yield without presence of biproducts. The complexes [CuSB 1 ] , [AgHSB 2 ] and the triazoles 3, 4, as representative examples, have efficient antimicrobial activity making them promising drugs for treating the bacterial and fungal infections. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pb(II) is a significant contaminant that is known to have negative effects on both humans and animals. Recent industrial operations have exacerbated these consequences, and their release of several contaminants, including lead ions, has drawn attention to the potential effects on human health. Therefore, there is a lot of interest in the rapid, accurate, and selective detection of lead ions in various environmental samples. Sensors-based nanomaterials are a significant class among the many tools and methods developed and applied for such purposes. Therefore, a novel green synthesized cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles and functionalized CoFe2O4/Ca-alginate nanocomposite was designed and successfully synthesized for the fabrication of nanoparticles and nanocomposite-coated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) nanosensors to detect the low concentrations of Pb(II) ions in the aqueous solutions at different temperatures. The structural and morphological properties of synthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposite were characterized using different tools such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analyzer (ζ-potential), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The QCM results revealed that the green synthesized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and functionalized CoFe2O4/Ca-alginate nanocomposite-coated QCM nanosensors exhibited high sensitivity, stability, and rapid detection of Pb(II) ions in the aqueous solutions at different temperature. The lowest detection limit for Pb(II) ions in the aqueous solutions could reach 125 ng, which resulted in a frequency shift of 27.49 ± 0.81, 23.63 ± 0.90, and 19.57 ± 0.86 Hz (Δf) for the QCM detector coated with green synthesized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles thin films, and 25.85 ± 0.85, 33.87 ± 0.73, and 6.87 ± 0.08 Hz (Δf) for the QCM detector coated with CoFe2O4/Ca-Alg nanocomposite thin films in a real-time of about 11, 13, and 13 min at 25 °C, 35 °C, and 45 °C, respectively. In addition, the resonance frequency change results showed the superiority of functionalized CoFe2O4/Ca-alginate nanocomposite coated QCM nanosensor over CoFe2O4 nanoparticles towards Pb(II) ions detecting, which attributed to the beneficial properties of alginate biopolymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Gd3+ doped V 2 O 5 /Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene (GVO/MX) hierarchical architectures have been synthesized by wet chemical approach. As prepared GVO/MX composite, along undoped VO and unsupported GVO were well characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDX, FT-IR and BET techniques. Electrochemical performance of VO, GVO and GVO/MX was evaluated by CV, GCD and EIS measurements. Among the three electrodes, GVO/MX composite exhibited highest electrochemical activity with the optimum specific capacitance of 1024 Fg-1 at 10 mVs−1. The specific capacitance of GVO/MX was ∼1.7 and ∼3 times higher than unsupported GVO (585 Fg-1) and VO (326 Fg-1), respectively. The cyclic life of GVO/MX with capacitance retention 96.12% was observed at 60 mVs−1. EIS measurements showed reduction in electrochemical impedance for GVO/MX as compared to GVO and VO. The corresponding impedance values of Rct and Resr for GVO/MX were calculated as 18 Ω and 1.8 Ω, respectively. The superior capacitive ability of GVO/MX can be ascribed to its unique morphology, short diffusion path and high surface area of fabricated composite. Considering it, the present work provides a feasible strategy to fabricate highly effective electrode materials for next generation energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium ferrite (MgF), copper doped magnesium ferrite (CMgF), and their composite with rGO sheets were used to study the degradation of the organic pollutants and to perform antibacterial activity. The photocatalysts were prepared by the co-precipitation technique and characterized using X-rays diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) UV–visible, and fourier transfrom infrared microscopy (FT-IR), and photoelectrochemical analysis. The structure of the nanomaterials was confirmed via XRD. The functional group detection was carried out via FT-IR spectroscopy. The SEM technique was used to confirm the surface morphology of the prepared nanocatalysts. UV–Visible spectroscopy was used to measure the absorbance during the degradation experiment. The percentage photodegradation by CMgF@rGO of methylene blue was 92.4%, and that of benzimidazole was 50%. CMgF@rGO also showed better antibacterial activity against bacterial strains of Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. The rGO layers can enhance the photodegradation efficiency of copper doped magnesium ferrite due to an increase in surface area. The EIS study revealed that CMgF@rGO illustrated 2.59 and 1.57 times less charge transfer resistance than MgF and CMgF samples. The CMgF@rGO composite separately showed 9.7-fold and 3.9-fold greater transient photocurrent response than MgF and CMgF samples. A scavenging experiment was carried out to determine the most reactive species; and hydroxyl radicals were found to be highly active species, and electrons were the least reactive species. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium and sodium compounds supported by tetradentate amino-bis(phenolato) ligands, [Li2(N2O2BuBuPip)] (1), [Na2(N2O2BuBuPip)] (2) (where [N2O2BuBuPip] = 2,2′-N,N’-homopiperazinyl-bis(2-methylene-4,6-tert-butylphenol), and [Li2(N2O2BuMePip)] (3), [Na2(N2O2BuMePip)] (4) (where [N2O2BuMePip] = 2,2′-N,N’-homopiperazinyl-bis(2-methylene-4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Variable temperature NMR experiments were performed to understand solution-phase dynamics. The solid-state structures of 1 and 4 were determined by X-ray diffraction and reveal tetrametallic species. PGSE NMR spectroscopic data suggests that 1 maintains its aggregated structure in CD2Cl2. The complexes exhibit good activity for controlled ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide (LA) both solvent free and in solution to yield PLA with low dispersities. Stoichiometric reactions suggest that the formation of PLA may proceed by the typical coordination–insertion mechanism. For example, 7Li NMR experiments show growth of a new resonance when 1 is mixed with 1 equiv. LA and 1H NMR data suggests formation of a Li-alkoxide species upon reaction of 1 with BnOH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nano SCPs [AgN 3 (bpy)] 1 and [(AgCN) 2 (bpy)] 2 were prepared by ultrasonic waves. • The structures were investigated by X-ray diffraction of single crystals. • TEM images support nanosized particles of NSCPs1 and 2. • Antioxidant, erythrocyte hemolysis and DNA binding were investigated. • Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities had been investigated. Ultrasonic self-assembly method was utilized to prepare new nano supramolecular coordination polymers (SCPs), 3 ∞ [AgN 3 (bpy)], NSCP1 and 3 ∞ [(AgCN) 2 (bpy)], NSCP2 [bpy= 4,4\-bipyridine] while the single crystals were prepared at ambient conditions. The silver atom in 1 acquires square planer geometry via coordination to four nitrogen atoms while NSCP2 contains two crystallographically different silver atoms adopting distorted trigonal planar geometry. The structures extend via corrugated catenated (AgN 3) or (AgCN) chains which are linked by bpy forming 2D-layer structure. The 2D-layers are interconnected by π–π stacking, H- bonds and argentophilic interactions creating 3D-network structure. TEM images support nanoscale particles of NSCPs1 and 2. NSCPs 1 and 2 had been utilized as potent anticancer and anti-pathogenic micro-organisms. In vitro cytotoxicity and cell viable activity of the NSCPs1 and 2 had been studied against a set of different human cancer cell lines. The higher level of the NSCPs cytotoxicity was recorded against MCF-7 and HePG2 cells. Also, they own a good ability to inhibit the growth of the tested neoplastic cells and a poor effect on the normal cells in comparison with the results of cisplatin. Also, antioxidant activities, erythrocyte hemolysis, DNA binding and antimicrobial activities had been investigated. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel complexes were synthesized by the reaction of benzothiazol‐pyrimidin‐2‐ylidene ligand (BTP) with Pd (II) and Fe (III) ions. A variety of various spectral and analytical methods (infrared, 1H/NMR, 13C/NMR, electronic spectra, CHN analyses, mass spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetic susceptibility) were used to characterize the investigated BTP ligand and its complexes. Correlation of experimental results with density functional theory calculation proves that the geometry of BTP‐Fe complex is octahedral, whereas BTP‐Pd complex is square planner. The catalytic effectiveness of BTP complexes were tested for three‐component condensation process under moderate and environmentally friendly reaction conditions. Moreover, the effects of different Lewis acid, basic, and ionic liquid catalysts, as well as solvent and catalyst dose on the catalytic reaction were investigated. Both catalysts demonstrated strong catalytic capability in the carefully regulated ideal reaction circumstances. Heterogeneous catalyst BTP‐Pd exhibited superior catalytic performance compared to homogeneous catalyst BTP‐Fe. All products were obtained in high TOF (turnover frequency) numbers in the presence of these catalysts, which indicate the high efficiency of these catalysts in the synthesis of dihydro‐7H‐5‐thia‐hexaaza‐s‐indacen‐6‐one derivatives. Moreover, the two catalysts' recycling and reusability in reactions were also investigated. Heterogeneous BTP‐Pd catalyst could be reused up to seven times with high efficiency, but the homogeneous catalyst (BTP‐Fe) could only be recycled up to four times. Furthermore, the mechanism of catalytic reaction was suggested and supported by DFT calculation. The simplicity, safety, stability, use of commercially available catalysts, quick reaction times, and excellent yields make it promising for future industrial use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXenes are a class of two-layered progress metal carbides/nitrides that offer unique properties for diverse applications, including electrocatalysis, supercapacitors, biosensors, water refinement, and many more. Here, we demonstrate a novel MXene@Bi2O3 heterostructure with boosted electrocatalytic activity for OER. Furthermore, pictures captured by electron microscopy demonstrated MXene's strong cooperation with Bi2O3. Additionally, the 2D MXene cooperation created extra pathways for mass transport during OER. Distinctive structure and the synergistic interaction between its components, MXene@Bi2O3 demonstrates remarkable electrocatalytic activity and durability in alkaline environments. With constant current density of 10 mAcm–2, the MXene@Bi2O3 catalyst showed outstanding catalytic activity and an overpotential of around 278 mV, which is 85 mV lower than the pure Bi2O3 catalyst. Combining Ti3C2Tx MXene with Bi2O3 led to increased intrinsic activity and accelerated charge transfer kinetics. This study proposes an effective approach for creating metal oxides and MXene hybrids with distinctive structures for electrocatalytic water splitting. The composite's exceptional electrochemical activity and durability suggest its potential as a very efficient electrocatalyst for water-splitting. Furthermore, this work's design and synthesis of hybrid composites with MXene-based nanomaterials opens up new opportunities for developing novel and efficient electrocatalysts in electrochemical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some novel FeIII, CuII, and PdII chelates incorporating N′‐(1‐methyl‐2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)benzohydrazide (MIBA) were fabricated. The tested compounds were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), CHN, spectra analysis (IR, mass spectra, and NMR), melting point, magnetic moments, molar conductance, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, and computational studies. The conductance results showed that the tested FeIII, CuII, and PdII chelates are electrolytes. Magnetic and electronic spectra are applied to deduce the coordinating ability of the tested ligand, and the geometric structure of the studied chelates is found to be octahedral, distorted octahedral, and square planar for FeIII, CuII, and PdII chelates, respectively. The TGA study of these studied complexes displays that the hydrated H2O molecules, acetate, and nitrate are removed in the first and second degradation steps followed directly by degradation of the studied ligand leaving metal oxide as residue. The thermodynamic factors, like ΔS*, ΔH*, E*, A, and ΔG* are evaluated from the TGA curves and explained. The density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP computation method was applied for the estimation of the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP; highest occupied molecular orbital [HOMO] and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital [LUMO]) energy for the studied compounds. In an in vitro study, the antimicrobial effects of the prepared compounds were screened on various strains of bacteria and fungi. It was found that tested compounds exposed a good biological efficacy through IC50 results close to reference drugs and antitumor potential against (MCF‐7, Hep‐G2, and HC‐T116) cell lines. The data obtained displayed that the studied chelates showed promising antitumor activity. The studied metal chelates were screened for in vitro antioxidant efficacy using DPPH assay. The studied compounds explained dynamic satisfying performance. Also, the crystal structures of breast cancer protein (PDB ID: 3HB5) and Escherichia coli (PDB ID: 2VF5) were performed by molecular docking simulation. Data of docking simulation suggestions are which tested compounds have biological behavior as well as have obvious benefit in the pharmaceutical business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cd(II) heavy metal is an extremely dangerous hazardous material for both humans and the environment. Its high toxicity is the reason behind the examination of new techniques for detecting very small concentrations of Cd(II). Recently, Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) has been one of the techniques that have been widely used to detect trace heavy metal ions in solutions. It is a simple, inexpensive, portable, and sensitive gravimetric sensor due to its quality sensitivity lowest to nanograms. In this work, Cuprospinel nanoparticles were synthesized through the green synthesis approach using Psidium guajava L. leaf extract as a reducing agent, which is the first scientific description to report the preparation of these nanoparticles by this method. Subsequently, the synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to the characterization of their crystallinity, structure, and morphology by the XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, zeta potential, DLS, AFM, SEM, and TEM analyzers. The prepared Cuprospinel nanoparticles were evaluated as a nanosensor for the detection of the very low concentration of Cd(II) ions in aqueous solutions using the QCM technique. The results of the characterization proved that the Cuprospinel nanoparticles have formed in the nanoscale with sub-spherical shapes and particles size ranging from 20 to 80 nm. The BET surface area and pore size analysis revealed that the synthesized Cuprospinel nanoparticles possess a surface area of 47.3 m2/g, an average pore size of 1.5 nm, and a micropore volume of 0.064 cc/g. The QCM results demonstrated the success of the Cuprospinel nanoparticles sensor in detecting the tiny amounts of Cd(II) ions in the aqueous solutions with concentrations reaching about 3.6 ng/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The normal microemulsion approach was employed for the synthesis of SrBaZn 2-x Mn x Fe 12-2y Sn y Ni y O 22 (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) while the hydrothermal method was used to synthesize the carbon dots (CDs) and their nanocomposite. The structural characteristics, architectures and surface area of the materials are examined by using various techniques. The magnetic features i.e. magnetic remanence (Mr) and saturation magnetization (Ms) increase up to x,y = 0.5 while the coercivity (Hc) decreases which is explained based on-site occupation of substituents and super-exchange interactions. The electrical resistivity of the substituted ferrite materials also increased from 24.62 to 46.76 × 106 Ω cm. The increment in saturation magnetization, remanence, and electrical resistivity suggests that ferrite material can be utilized for high-density recording media as well as for microwave devices. The composite materials with composition SrBaZn 1.5 Mn 0·5 Fe 11 Sn 0·5 Ni 0·5 O 22 /CDs with different ratios have been employed as photocatalysts for the degradation of Rhodamine B under sunlight. Rhodamine B (RhB) was effectively degraded by photocatalysts with a low CDs content i.e. 5.0 wt percent. The composite degrades the dye up to 96% in 80 min and also showed excellent stability after five consecutive runs. The composite material can be employed for the removal of environmental pollutants using natural sunlight for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal oxides are essential in environmental remediation applications due to their excellent ability to generate charge carriers, i.e. electrons and holes. Bimetallic oxide BiSbO 4 (bismuth antimonate) possesses unique structure, vigorous oxidation ability and good chemical stability to be used as photocatalyst for the degradation of environmental pollutants. In this report, BiSbO 4 and Ag–BiSbO 4 (silver doped bismuth antimonate) have successfully synthesized via a simple ultrasonication method. The techniques used for the confirmation of structure, morphology, and vibrational modes for the synthesized material were X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. XRD showed that the prepared photocatalyst has a monoclinic structure. At the same time, SEM images presented the flake-like morphology of the as-prepared samples. For the photocatalytic study of prepared samples, methylene blue (MB) was used as a model dye to know the photocatalyst activity. The degradation efficiency of both doped and undoped bismuth antimonate was evaluated and compared. The obtained results showed that the Ag–BiSbO 4 exhibited better efficiency than undoped BiSbO 4. The methylene blue was degraded up to 85% in the presence of Ag–BiSbO 4 , while the BiSbO 4 showed 70% degradation of methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photocatalytic degradation ability of Ag 2 O/CuO nanocomposite was investigated to remove colored and colorless dyes under solar light irradiation. The pristine metal oxides (Ag 2 O and CuO) were prepared using the co-precipitation method. The Ag 2 O/CuO nanocomposite was prepared by an ultra-sonication route. The X-Rays Diffraction (XRD) were recorded to obtain phase analysis and crystallite size determination. The crystallite size of Ag 2 O and CuO was 17.55 nm and 17.42 nm respectively. The spectral data obtained from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were also in agreement with the literature that ensured the formation of metal oxides. The Tauc plots were drawn to calculate the band gap energies, demonstrating that the nanocomposite formation caused several changes in electronic structure suitable for photocatalysis under solar light. The value of bandgap energy of nanocomposite was 1.51 eV which is less than pristine metal oxides such as CuO (2.77 eV) and Ag 2 O (1.61 eV). The percentage degradation of methylene blue, rhodamine B and benzoic acid using nanocomposite was 97.5%, 90.5% and 95%, which is far better than that of pure metal oxides. The results demonstrated that the as-synthesized nanocomposite has tremendous potential to degrade the toxic pollutants in minimum time duration. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-based bioceramics are developed to imitate the natural bones to be used as bone substitutes. Different nanocomposites are synthesized using hydroxyapatite (HAP), Li2O and GO to fabricate HAP, Li2O, HAP/Li2O, HAP/GO and HAP/Li2O/GO. XRD shows the change in crystal structure upon adding the three nanocomposites to each other. Besides, FTIR and XPS explain the functional groups of the compositions and analyze their surface composition. The TEM explains the morphological changes for particles dimensions of HAP/Li2O/GO showing a length of 20 nm for HAP and a size of 6 nm for Li2O sphere. In addition, SEM graphs explained the enhancement of HAP/Li2O/GO porosity showing a particle size of 0.3–0.4 µm and length of 0.8 µm. Further, roughness parameters are improved upon adding HAP and Li2O to GO, showing a roughness average value of 57.80 nm. Moreover, the cell viability of HAP/Li2O/GO is examined and shows a maximum value of 97.4 ± 1.2%. In addition, the antibacterial activity exhibited by HAP/Li2O/GO against (Escherichia coli = E. coli) and (Staphylococcus aureus = S. aureus) showed an inhibition zone of 13.4 ± 1.2 mm 12.3 ± 1.3 mm. Adding HAP presents an improvement in surface roughness as well as cell viability and antibacterial activity. Besides, the microhardness has been improved from 2.6 ± 0.1 GPa to 3.1 ± 0.2 for pure HAP and HAP/Li2O/GO, respectively. Therefore, combining HAP, GO and Li2O results in a nanocomposite of enhanced biocompatibility and can be suggested for bone biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of new benzothiazol metal complexes and their characterization. • Geometry optimization for structural verification. • Investigation the activity of the prepared complexes in catalytic organic synthesis. • Prediction the reaction mechanism supported by DFT study. Here, using Pd2+, Fe3+, and Ni2+ ions, we established new imidazole complexes. These complexes were described in the initial section to provide their chemical formulas. With the exception of the Pd (II) chelate (BIL-Pd), which has a square-planer configuration, the octahedral geometry was recommended for the other examined complexes. The condensation reaction of three components of aromatic aldehyde, 2,4 thiazolidinedione, and malononitrile results in the straightforward and highly efficient one-pot synthesis of 5-amino-2-oxo-3,7-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3- d ]thiazole-6-carbonitrile derivatives under controlled and environmentally friendly reaction conditions. (BIL-Pd) provides an effective, recyclable and promising heterogeneous solid catalyst. Utilizing a green solvent (EtOH/H 2 O), a shorter reaction time, and excellent efficiency (98%) were the main benefits of the recommended catalyst. In addition, the environmentally friendly features of this synthetic procedure were further investigated by looking at BIL-capacity Pd's to be recycled for six consecutive cycles without significantly losing catalytic activity. In addition, the BILPd complex outperformed alternative Lewis acids, basic catalysts, and ionic liquids in the production of 5-amino-2-oxo-3,7-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3- d ]thiazole-6-carbonitrile derivatives.It is desired due to its mild conversion and compatibility with a variety of functional groups. Additionally, computational issues were usually taken into account in conjunction with how they influenced identifying or announcing functionally relevant variable qualities. In order to elucidate the reasons for the superiority of the BILPd complex, DFT analysis was also used. To support the proposed methodology, the optimization procedure for intermediates was also put into practice. Using a combination of H 2 O and C 2 H 5 OH as an environmentally friendly solvent and green catalytic technique the catalyst exhibits high selectivity and reactivity under mild reaction conditions, making it a promising candidate for a wide range of applications in green chemistry. This strategy's simplicity, safety, commercially accessible catalyst, stability, fast reaction time, and outstanding yields may be used in the industry in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Flower-like MoS 2 /VS 2 Nanocomposites were synthesized and characterized. • Antimicrobial activities of the investigated nanocomposites were screened. • Anticancer activities of the prepared Nanocomposites were checked. The pharmaceutical applications of metal oxide nanoparticles has received marked global attention as they can be specifically synthesized to exhibit significant toxicity to bacteria, fungi and cancer cell lines. In this regard, VS 2 , MoS 2 and VS 2 @MoS 2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using one-pot hydrothermal method, which is simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly. The structural and microstructural information for VS 2 , MoS 2 and Flower-like MoS 2 /VS 2 nanocomposite were gathered utilizing the Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. XRD structural investigation using the Williamson-Hall approach shows that VS 2 , MoS 2 , and VS 2 @MoS 2 NPs are pure crystalline phases with a cubic crystal structure, the size of the crystallites varying with the NPs' respective compositions. The crystallite size of the VS 2 @MoS 2 mixture was measured to be 45 nm, which is smaller than the crystallite size of either component on its own. The products were evaluated for antibacterial activity against various types of bacteria and fungi using the well diffusion method at varying doses. The same samples were then examined for anticancer activity against three distinct cell lines. When compared to their individual counterparts, the data show that the VS 2 / MoS 2 nanocomposite has a synergistic effect on antibacterial and anticancer capabilities. Amongst some of the three metal disulphide nanomaterials tested, VS 2 / MoS 2 had the most antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-positive (M. luteus (43.20 ± 0.13 mm) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli , 26.7 ± 0.14 mm). The prepared VS 2 (IC 50 = 7.85), MoS 2 (IC 50 = 5.35), and VS 2 @MoS 2 nanocomposite (IC 50 = 3.80) show potent anti-cancer activity against breast carcinoma cells than the other cancer cell lines under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been a major health issue with increasing morbidity and mortality due to macrovascular and microvascular complications. The urgent need for improved methods to control hyperglycemic complications reiterates the development of innovative preventive and therapeutic treatment strategies. In this perspective, xanthone compounds in the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit, especially α-mangostin (MGN), have been recognized to restore damaged pancreatic β-cells for optimal insulin release. Therefore, taking advantage of the robust use of nanotechnology for targeted drug delivery, we herein report the preparation of MGN loaded nanosponges for anti-diabetic therapeutic applications. The nanosponges were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent evaporation method. Physico-chemical characterization of formulated nanosponges with satisfactory outcomes was performed with Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Zeta potential, hydrodynamic diameter, entrapment efficiency, drug release properties, and stability studies at stress conditions were also tested. Molecular docking analysis revealed significant interactions of α-glucosidase and MGN in a protein-ligand complex. The maximum inhibition by nanosponges against α-glucosidase was observed to be 0.9352 ± 0.0856 µM, 3.11-fold higher than acarbose. In vivo studies were conducted on diabetic rats and plasma glucose levels were estimated by HPLC. Collectively, our findings suggest that MGN-loaded nanosponges may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes since they prolong the antidiabetic response in plasma and improve patient compliance by slowly releasing MGN and requiring less frequent doses, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the quasi-solid-state polymer electrolyte containing poly(vinyl alcohol)-polypyrrole as a polymer host, potassium iodide (KI), iodine (I2), and different plasticizers (EC, PC, GBL, and DBP) was successfully prepared via the solution casting technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyze the interaction between the polymer and the plasticizer. X-ray diffraction confirmed the reduction of crystallinity in the polymer electrolyte by plasticizer doping. The ethylene carbonate-based polymer electrolyte showed maximum electrical conductivity of 0.496 S cm−1. The lowest activation energy of 0.863 kJ mol−1 was obtained for the EC-doped polymer electrolyte. The lowest charge transfer resistance Rct1 was due to a faster charge transfer at the counter electrode/electrolyte interface. The polymer electrolyte containing the EC plasticizer exhibited an average roughness of 23.918 nm. A photo-conversion efficiency of 4.19% was recorded in the DSSC with the EC-doped polymer electrolyte under the illumination of 100 mWcm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work evaluated the capability of Arthrospira platensis complete biomass (ACDW) and the lipid-free biomass (LFB) to remove ammonium ions (NH4+) from aquaculture wastewater discharge. Under controlled conditions in flasks filled with 100 mL of distilled water (synthetic aqueous solution), a batch process ion-exchange was conducted by changing the main parameters including contact times (15, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 180 min), initial ammonium ion concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100 mg·L−1), and initial pH levels (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) at various dosages of ACDW and LFB as adsorbents (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 g). After lab optimization, ammonia removal from real aquaculture wastewater was also examined. The removal of ammonium using ACDW and LFB in the synthetic aqueous solution (64.24% and 89.68%, respectively) was higher than that of the real aquaculture effluents (25.70% and 37.80%, respectively). The data of IR and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the existence of various functional groups in the biomass of ACDW and LFB. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms were estimated using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Halsey models, providing an initial description of the ammonia elimination capacity of A. platensis. The experimental kinetic study was suitably fit by a pseudo-second-order equation. On the other hand, as a result of the treatment of real aquaculture wastewater (RAW) using LFB and ACDW, the bacterial counts of the LFB, ACDW, ACDW-RAW, and RAW groups were high (higher than 300 CFU), while the LFB-RAW group showed lower than 100 CFU. The current study is the first work reporting the potential of ammonia-loaded microalgae biomass as a feed source for the rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis). In general, our findings concluded that B. plicatilis was sensitive to A. platensis biomass loaded with ammonia concentrations. Overall, the results in this work showed that the biomass of A. platensis is a promising candidate for removing ammonia from aquaculture wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arthrospira platensis is one of the most important cultured microalgal species in the world. Arthrospira complete dry biomass (ACDB) has been reported as an interesting feedstock for many industries, including biodiesel production. The A. platensis by-product of biodiesel production (lipid-free biomass; LFB) is a source of proteins, functional molecules, and carbohydrates, and can also be reused in several applications. The current study investigated the efficiency of ACDB and LFB in bioremediation of dye (Ismate violet 2R, IV2R) from textile effluents. In addition, the potential of ACDB and LFB loaded by IV2R as a feed for Rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, was examined. The surface of the adsorbents was characterized by SEM, FTIR, and Raman analysis to understand the adsorption mechanism. The batch sorption method was examined as a function of adsorbent dose (0.02–0.01 g L−1), solution initial concentration (10–100 mg L−1), pH (2–10), and contact time (15–180 min). The kinetic studies and adsorption isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin, and Halsey) were used to describe the interaction between dye and adsorbents. The results concluded that the adsorption process increased with increasing ACDB and LFB dose, contact time (120 min), initial IV2R concentration (10 mg L−1), and acidity pH (2 and 6, respectively). For the elimination of industrial textile wastewater, the ACDB and LFB sorbents have good elimination ability of a dye solution by 75.7% and 61.11%, respectively. The kinetic interaction between dye and adsorbents fitted well to Langmuir, Freundlish, and Halsey models for LFB, and Langmuir for ACDB at optimum conditions with R2 > 0.9. In addition, based on the bioassay study, the ACDB and LFB loaded by IV2R up to 0.02 g L−1 may be used as feed for the marine Rotifer B. plicatilis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]