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The use of the Internet has been progressively integrated into our daily lives. This has also been true for all levels of education, where virtual learning environments have been the means by which teachers, students and educational institutions managed and distributed educational experiences. However, the present design of these systems make students have difficulties in deploying their meta-cognitive skills, in addition to producing a cognitive overload due to an inadequate content organization and navigation. Thus, it is necessary to provide learning platforms with a process that allows for the adaptation of these systems to students' characteristics, needs and context in order to enhance the teaching-learning process. This paper describes an adaptive model for Learning Management Systems (LMSs) that using variables central to the learning process allows for the application of adaptive rules to the different types of contents and knowledge to be transferred and acquired. In practice, the resulting model allows to develop adaptive courses that support and promote learning and self-regulation in virtual learning environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]