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Background: COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The foremost predominant complication of SARS-CoV-2 is arterial hypoxemia thereby disturbing lung compliance, requiring mechanical ventilation. The aim of the current research study is to analyze role of ABG as a valuable assessment tool of disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Methods: 170 arterial blood samples were collected from patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Sri Guru Ram Das Charitable Hospital, Amritsar. They were analyzed for arterial blood gas using ABG analyzer. Parameters of ABG such as pH, pCO2, HCO3, O2 saturation, ionized calcium (iCa) and calculated ionized calcium (at pH 7.4) was calculated for all the samples. Results: Continuous variables were described as medians with interquartile ranges (IQRs) and categorical variables as percentages and frequencies. Spearman correlation test was done for calculation of correlation between pH and other ABG parameters. Analysis of arterial blood gas revealed significant negative correlation (p<0.05) between pH and pCO2 and significant positive correlation (p<0.05) between pH and HCO3 and between pH and delta ionized calcium. Low levels (98.2%) of ionized calcium were observed while monitoring the ABG findings though weak negative correlation (p<0.05) was observed between pH and iCa. Conclusions: Our study suggests that ABG analysis acts as a momentous indicator for critically ill patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Estimation of iCa in this critical care setting acts as a distinctive biochemical feature of SARS-CoV-2 disease, as an initial assessment tool, for hypocalcemia. Uvod: COVID-19 je izazvan novim koronavirusom koji izaziva težak respiratorni sindrom koronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Predominantna komplikacija SARS-CoV-2 je arterijska hipo-ksemija koja dovodi do oštećenja pluća i zahteva mehaničku ventilaciju. Svrha ovog izučavanja je da analizira ulogu AGK kao vrednog parametra za procenu težine oboljenja kod SARS-CoV-2 pacijenata. Metode: Uzeto je 170 arterijskih uzoraka krvi od pacijenata koji su bili primljeni u Intenzivnu jedinicu (ICU) u Sri Guru Ram Das Charitable Hospital, Amristar. Analizirani su arterijski gasovi krvi primenom ABG analizatora. Parametri ABG (AGK) bili su pH, pCO2, HCO3, O2 saturacija, jonizovani kalcijum (iCA) i izračunati jonizovani kalcijum (na pH 7,4) za sve analizirane uzorke. Rezultati: Za sve promenljive parametre izračunata je medijana i interkvartilne oblasti (IQRs) i varijable kako što su procenti i frekvencije. Korišćen je Spearman korelacioni test za izračunavanje korelacije između pH i i drigih ABG parametara. Analizom arterijskih gasova krvi dobijena je značajna negativna korelacija (p <0,05) između pH i pCO2 i značajna pozitivna korelacija (p<0,05) između pH i HCO3 i između pH i delta jonizovanog kalcijuma. Niski nivoi (98,2%) jonizovanog kalcijuma su nađeni pri praćenju ABG nalaza u toku nedeljne negativne korelacije (p<0,05) kad je praćena između pH i iCa. Zaključak: Naše izučavanje ukazuje da ABG analiza ima ulogu trenutnog indikatora za kritično bolesne pacijente primljene u Intenzivnu Jedinicu (ICU). Određivanje iCa u ovom kritičnom momentui ima veoma značajnu ulogu u praćenju SARS CoV-2 oboljenja kao inicijalno sredstvo ispitivanja hipokalcijemije. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Till to date whether adiponectin AdipoQ gene variation (rs 1501299) is associated with cardiovascular disease, still remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to relate the SNP (rs1501299) of adiponectin gene and oxidative stress in context to CVD in Punjabi women of North West India. Methods: In the present case-control study menopausal women with CVD as cases (n=265) and menopausal women without CVD as controls (n=258) were recruited. Genotyping of rs1501299 single nucleotide polymorphism of adiponectin gene was carried out by RFLP-PCR analysis. Biochemical parameters were analyzed according to the standard procedures. Results: Distribution of homozygous TT genotype of normolipidemic (p=0.001) and hyperlipidemic (p=0.001) women with CVD was significantly more frequent as compared to women without CVD. rs1501299 T allele carriers with CVD also showed significant (p=0.001) higher frequency distribution as compared to women without CVD. Under recessive model of inheritance TT mutant type homozygotes conferred ~9 fold higher risk [p=0.001; OR= 9.60 (2.92-31.58)] towards CVD susceptibility for MDA>1.50; ~11 fold higher risk [p=0.007; OR= 11.11 (1.49-82.83)] towards CVD for LDL carbonyl protein>15.04 and ~9 fold higher risk [p=0.001; OR= 9.75 (2.30-41.22)] towards CVD susceptibility for SOD≤5.55. Under logistic regression analysis oxidative stress and TT genotype were significantly correlated with CVD. Conclusions: Our study revealed significant association of AdipoQ (rs1501299) gene polymorphism and oxidative stress with cardiovascular disease in Punjabi women of North West India. However, additional studies are required to support these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Menopause, a form of reproductive aging, is marked by many hormonal variations which cause imbalance in the oxidative processes resulting in onset of endothelial dysfunction leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to analyze the effect of oxidative stress in an early detection of CVD in all menopausal women both normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic. Methods and Results. Study included 523 menopausal women (265 CVD and 258 non-CVD). They were screened for lipid profile, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), serum LDL carbonyl protein, and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD). Pearson’s correlation was observed between MDA and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in both normolipidemic (r=0.650; p<0.001) and hyperlipidemic (r=0.207; p<0.01) CVD group as compared to non-CVD menopausal women. Significant correlation was also observed between LDL carbonyl content and AIP in normolipidemic (r=0.650; p<0.001) and hyperlipidemic (r=0.248; p<0.01) CVD menopausal women as compared to non-CVD ones. Conclusion. Strong correlation between atherogenic index of plasma and oxidative stress in CVD menopausal women reveals oxidative stress as an effective prognostic tool for an early detection of cardiovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]