Search

O Nyctibius griseus, conhecido como urutau-comum, é uma espécie que se distribui por todo o território brasileiro. Esta ave, de hábitos noturnos, exibe uma coloração que varia do cinza ao marrom, sem distinção sexual aparente. Dada a importância do osso quadrado nos movimentos cranianos das aves, e considerando a complexidade em sua identificação devido à fusão dos ossos cranianos, especialmente em espécimes adultos, o propósito deste estudo foi o de realizar uma descrição anatômica abrangente do osso quadrado do N. griseus, abordando seus acidentes ósseos e aspectos morfométricos. Para este fim, foram utilizados seis exemplares adultos, de sexo indeterminado, de urutau-comum, de vida livre e recebidos para tratamento clínico e posteriormente doados ao Laboratório de Anatomia Animal do Setor Palotina da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). A descrição anatômica envolveu a medição da distância entre o processo orbital e o processo ótico, a distância entre o processo mandibular e o processo orbital, bem como a distância entre o processo ótico e o processo mandibular, utilizando um paquímetro digital. Durante o estudo, a crista timpânica e a crista do osso quadrado foram identificadas, embora o côndilo rostral não tenha sido observado nas amostras. Adicionalmente à crista timpânica, observou-se a presença da crista do osso quadrado na face medial dos ossos. Portanto, a partir deste estudo amplia-se o conhecimento anatômico e morfométrico do osso quadrado do N. griseus, proporcionando uma abordagem inédita sobre sua estrutura. Este osso, essencial para a craniocinese das aves, agora encontra-se mais compreendido graças a esta investigação. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skeleton of the thoracic limb is one of the key aspects for the understanding of the habits and movement of different mammalian species. Considering the gap about studies related to marsupial osteology, this work proposes to study the aspects inherent to the skeleton of opossums, with emphasis on the detailed anatomical description of the bones that form the thoracic limb. For this purpose, the bones of six specimens of possums of the species Didelphis albiventris were used. These small to medium sized marsupials inhabit a wide range of South America, living in several types of habitats, being commonly described as arboreal omnivores and have anthropic habits. For the execution of this study, the bone accidents perceptible in the specimens were identified by superficial palpation, which were then radiographed. The thoracic limb bones were prepared by boiling and drying in the sun. Finally, from the radiographic images and the prepared bones, a detailed description of the anatomy of the bone components of the thoracic limb of Didelphis albiventris was made, joining the previously obtained data of surface anatomy. These data were compared with data from the literature, discussing the functional significance of the osteological findings of the thoracic limb of Didelphis albiventris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The larynx is an odd muscle-cartilaginous structure located in the sagittal plane, which belongs to the respiratory system. After analyzing the available literature, it was determined that, in the case of cattle, the thyroarytenoid muscle is poorly described and that there is no coincidence regarding its morphological characteristics. The objective of this work was to determine the origin, insertion and structure of the thyroarytenoid muscle in the bovine. Ten bovine larynges obtained at a slaughterhouse were used. The material was dissected fresh. The larynges were sectioned by the sagittal plane. The thyroarytenoid muscle was dissected to expose its origin, insertion and structure. The presence of three muscular bellies was observed on the lateral wall of the larynx. A rostral belly, fusiform, elongated which originated laterally at the base of the epiglottic cartilage and was inserted at the rostral end of the arcuate ridge of the arytenoid cartilage. A middle belly, intimately attached to the caudalbelly, flattened, quadrangular, which originated on the dorsal surface of the body of the thyroid cartilage and was inserted into the arcuate crest, lateral surface and vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage. A caudalbelly, wide and short that originated on the dorsal surface of the body of the thyroid cartilage and cricothyroid membrane and was inserted into the lateral surface and muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage. According to the results obtained, the thyroarytenoid muscle in the bovine has a more complex structure than that presented in the classical texts of comparative animal anatomy. The findings of this research provide valuable knowledge about the normal anatomy of the bovine larynx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: una de las razones para que los jóvenes de Antioquia abandonen el campo colombiano es el difícil acceso a la educación en todos sus niveles de escolaridad. Aquellos que deciden quedarse‚ usan los conocimientos empíricos para solucionar problemas que se presentan en las vacas lecheras. Es sabido que los problemas reproductivos en hembras presentan una alta incidencia y que un conocimiento básico de la anatomía aplicada de este sistema es de vital importancia para entender las diferentes afecciones. Objetivo: diseñar e implementar una estrategia educativa sobre anatomía reproductiva de la hembra bovina dirigido a jóvenes productores de Antioquia‚ con el fin de facilitar la formación técnica agropecuaria. Métodos: fueron seleccionados 24 tractos reproductivos‚ de los cuales 10 se preservaron a través de diferentes técnicas como plastinación‚ criodeshidratación y glicerina‚ las cuales facilitaron el transporte y manipulación en campo por parte de los instructores y los asistentes. Se aplicaron 20 entrevistas a jóvenes productores lecheros para identificar temas de interés en la reproducción bovina y se desarrolló un taller teórico-práctico con tres ejes temáticos: 1) anatomía aplicada del sistema reproductivo de la vaca‚ 2) ciclo estral‚ y 3) mitos y verdades de la reproducción. Resultados: fueron realizadas 20 entrevistas a productores lecheros y se capacitaron 40 jóvenes productores del municipio de San José de la Montaña. Conclusiones: la implementación de esta estrategia educativa permitió el acceso de jóvenes productores a educación de calidad en su territorio‚ además de obtener material anatómico que se puede manipular y transportar sin refrigeración por largo tiempo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to describe anatomical features of the forelimb skeleton of Mazama gouazoubira in order to establish morphofunctional activity. Forelimbs of four young adult specimens were used to this end. The bones were prepared by boiling and cleared in a solution of hydrogen peroxide for comparative descriptions, osteometrics measurements and digital radiographs. Compared to domestic ruminants, the scapula proved to be wide and flat, with a small acromion, reduced coracoid process and lacking of spine tuberosity. The humerus had an elongated shaft with a rounded cross-section and discrete non-articular projections. The ulna accompanied the radio to the distal epiphysis and formed a long and narrow, proximally placed interosseous space without a vascular groove. The skeleton of the hand presented the rudimentary metacarpals II and V and the welldeveloped III and IV fused metacarpals, which is a typical telemetacarpal arrangement of close phylogenetically deer species from the New World. There were four fingers, each one with three phalanges; two main (III and IV) touching the ground and two rudimentary (II and V). Radiographs allowed visualizing patterns of normal trabecular tensions and osteometrics enabled to establish ratios for comparative purposes. Adaptations of skeletal forelimb to favor cursorial saltatory locomotion were typically identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine point of opening of excretory parotid duct in the wild canids Cerdocyon thous and Lycalopex gymnocercus and compare the findings with those available for other carnivores. We analyzed 28 cadavers (56 hemiarcads) collected dead from highways, which included five males and nine females of C. thous and nine males and five females of L. gymnocercus. Thereafter, the parotid papilla was inspected and an imaginary vertical line was projected to determine its topography in relation to the premolars (P) and molars (M). Two cadavers of each species were macrodissected to determine the position of the salivary parotid gland and its duct. The parotid gland was located ventrally to the ear cartilage and its duct crossed on lateral surface of the masseter muscle, opening in the buccal region of the oral vestibule. When considered hemiarcades, the opening of the duct in C. thous predominated at the level between P4 and M1 (53.6% of cases), followed by opening opposite to the M1 (46.4%). Males of C. thous presented the duct opening in a significantly (p-value = 0.0006) caudally level when compared to females. In L. gymnocercus half of hemiarcades showed the opening at the level between P4 and M1 and the other half opposed to M1, with no significant difference between genders. It could be concluded that these two species have parotid papilla in a caudal position in relation to the reports concerning domestic dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The salivary glands have huge importance in relation with the buffering of volatile fatty acids in bovine species. The production, secretion and action of the saliva generates an acidity attenuation mechanism in consequence of the dispersion of gas vapors known as VFAs. The saliva contains components with ammonia base, with amino grouping, essential to this buffering activity. The vascularization of these glands allows correct operation and saliva production. The ducts route and its relationship with key structures as vessels and nerves are of great value for anatomic and surgical description and possible interventions. Therefore, the objective of this work is the production of instructional material relating to the topographical description of the parotid, mandibular and sublingual salivary glands in cattle originating from slaughterhouse from Salvador and metropolitan area, dissected and preserved in formaldehyde solution 10% and injected with colorful latex solution. It will be used on routine of practical classes in the animal structure laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anatomical study existed for over 5000 years with the use of cadavers, being of great importance. Is a method known worldwide as the process of mummification by the Egyptians, having perfected the skills that would have been important in future studies of animal anatomy in veterinary medicine. The objective of this work to produce a synthetic piece to the study of animal anatomy, through latex injection into blood vessels. White natural latex was used associated with the liquid dye of red and blue pigments representing, respectively, arteries and veins. The chosen animal species was the cat, pet with ample contact with the man. With the completion of the technique was possible to assess the standard of arteriovenous distribution in different organs and tissues. Knowing the normal pattern of arteriovenous distribution is important to understand anatomical, surgical and diagnostic aspects, determining normal standards in feline, where there is great variation in shape and distribution of anatomical structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We dissected the heart of white rhino in order to give an anatomical description of the distribution of coronary arteries. We recorded the length and caliber of the main branches. The coronary arteries were the same caliber at its origin and the right coronary artery emitted subsinusal interventricular branch, rhinoceros corresponded to the pattern of the right coronary artery. The left coronary artery is released into the left breast of the aorta was divided into three branches (trifurcation) paraconal interventricular branch, circumflex branch and diagonal branch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was provide a description of the macroscopic heart anatomy of the kangaroo Macropus fuliginosus. The terms of the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria were employed. Heart did not have interventricular sulcus. Auricles were located in both faces of the heart. Right ventricle had slight septomarginal trabecula that extended between papilar muscles and the parietal wall. Right ventricle parietal wall had plenty of trabecula carneae. Septal wall was smooth and had three papilar muscles. Papilar muscles of left ventricle were two and they were located over parietal wall. Septal walls and parietal of left ventricle were full of trabecula carneae that surrounded papilar muscles. Two vessels derived from the aorta, right and left sinus coronary arteries and a septal artery. Septal artery gave irrigation to interventricular septum and derived from left sinus of the aorta and their lumen had a higher diameter than the left coronary artery. Coronary arteries had intra myocardic route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]