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Risk perception among mountain athletes is a determining factor in preventing injuries. The objective of this paper is to understand how the level of concern (as a measure of risk perception) is generated on the basis of variables related to the context (difficulty of terrain and time pressure) and the individuals (self-confidence and fatigue). To do so, 16 mountain-related scenarios were designed that combined information on the four variables in the study. Following an intrasubject design and controlling for experience, a total of 159 participants (54% of whom were men) were asked about the level of concern each scenario produced in them. The results show that difficulty and time pressure combine interactively to determine risk perception and that the variables together interact with self-confidence on one hand and fatigue on the other. This study furthers knowledge of the cognitions associated to risk in sports and serves as the basis for preventive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the construction and validation process of two questionnaires designed to assess the addictive use of Internet and mobile phones. The scales were applied to a sample of 1,879 students. Results support a two-factor model, presenting an acceptable internal consistency and indices of convergent and discriminant validity. The Questionnaire of Experiences Related to Internet was found to assess intra- and interpersonal conflicts related to Internet use. The Questionnaire of Experiences Related to the Mobile Phone was found to assess conflicts related to mobile phone abuse and to maladaptive emotional and communicational patterns. Our results indicate that the mobile phone does not produce the same degree of addictive behavior as Internet; it could rather be interpreted as problematic use. Men displayed more addictive use of Internet, whilst women seemed to use the mobile phone as a means for emotional communication. It seems that the use of both technologies is more problematic during adolescence and normalizes with age toward a more professional and less playful use, and with fewer negative consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]