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This study investigates the assembly behaviour and physicochemical parameters of a drug-surfactant mixture comprising tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and promazine hydrochloride (PMZ) in water and aq. solutions of monohydroxy organic compounds (ethanol (EtOH), 1-propanol (1-PrOH), and 2-butanol (2-BuOH)) using conductometric method. The interaction between TTAB and PMZ has been characterized with the assessment of physicochemical quantities (critical micelle concentration (CMC), counter ion binding (β) and thermodynamic parameters (standard Gibbs energy ( Δ G m o ), enthalpy ( Δ H m o ), and entropy ( Δ S m o )). The introduction of PMZ with TTAB surfactant resulted in a reduction of the CMC value and an augmentation of the magnitude of β. The inclusion of alcohols causes the delaying creation of micelles above 5% w/w of all alcohols employed. The enhancement of CMC values was acquired with the increase of temperature for TTAB and PMZ mixture. The micellization of the TTAB + PMZ system was obtained as spontaneous with - Δ G m o values. The observed values of Δ H m 0 and Δ S m 0 indicate that, the entropy plays the main roles in the assembly of TTAB + PMZ in aq. media, while the association is governed by the joint contribution from enthalpy and entropy in aq. alcohol solutions. The hydrophobic interaction is the key forces of interaction between TTAB and PMZ in water medium, whereas hydrophobic and ion-induced dipole are the probable interaction in aq. alcohol media. The thermodynamic of transfer and entropy enthalpy compensation parameters are computed and described with proper logics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study exposes the influence of sodium electrolytes and temperature on the interaction forces between tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and antibiotic cefixime trihydrate (CMT). The results highlight the significance of considering temperature (from 300.55 to 320.55 K) and electrolytes (NaBr, Na2SO4, Na3PO4, and CH3COONa (NaOAc)) effects when designing drug formulations. Conductometric method was utilised to compute and understand physicochemical parameters occurring during drug-surfactant micellization. The addition of sodium electrolytes favours the micellization of the TTAB and CMT system in aq. salts solution (a decrease of CMC was acquired) except at higher NaOAc concentrations. In all the solvents used herein, the CMC values were detected to be increased with the escalation of working temperature. The $ \Delta H_m^o $ Δ H m o and $ \Delta S_m^o $ Δ S m o expose the survival of hydrophobic interaction involving TTAB and CMT drug in aq. medium whereas both electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction are in function in aq. salts medium. As an extension of the thermodynamic assessment, the molar heat capacity $ ({\Delta C_m^0}) $ (Δ C m 0) were estimated and discussed. The thermodynamics of transfer ( $ \Delta G_{m,tr}^0 $ Δ G m , tr 0 , $ \Delta H_{m,tr}^0 $ Δ H m , tr 0 , and $ \Delta S_{m,tr}^0 $ Δ S m , tr 0 ) and enthalpy-entropy compensation parameters for TTAB + CMT micelles were also analysed. This comprehension of drug-surfactant interaction holds utmost significance in the development of efficient drug formulations and the optimisation of drug delivery techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, the supramolecular interaction between a surfactant- tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and an antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride (MNH) was studied in the presence of some additives (alcohols/urea). The conductometric analysis as a function of surfactant concentration was used to assess the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of TTAB + MNH mixed system. The effect of a gradual change of temperature on CMC within a certain range (298.15–318.15 K) was monitored to assess the thermodynamic nature of micellisation process. In addition, estimation of thermodynamic parameters ( Δ G m o , Δ H m o , and Δ S m o ) and the determination of the degree of counter ion binding (β) give insight into the relative viability of a micellisation process. The values of Δ G m o were negative in all the mixed solvents studied and this was dependent on the chain length of the used alcohols. The thermodynamic parameters of transfer for shifting the micelles from aq. medium to aq. alcohols media and enthalpy-entropy compensation were also computed, compared with literature values and discussed with appropriate reasoning. Several supramolecular forces, including H-bonds, dipole–dipole, ion-dipole, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions, were recommended for the aggregation of the TTAB + MNH system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacterial isolate Bacillus sp. AZ28, obtained from industrial effluent, demonstrates a great capacity to degrade various azo dyes (methyl orange (MO), magneson I (MI), novacron dark blue (NDB), and novacron red FN 3GF (NRF3)), and azo dye-containing textile effluent (TE). The degradation was evident by decolorization of dyes, and the decolorization efficiency of 84-95% was achieved within 14-72 h under optimum conditions, such as 37°C, pH 7, inoculation size 8%, 1% glucose, and 1% beef extract. The extent of decolorization of individual dye was determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, and products of biodegradation were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy and TLC analyses. Chemical analysis showed that the COD and BOD values were significantly reduced after treatment. Thus, the biodegradation ability under mild conditions suggests that Bacillus sp. AZ28 has potential in textile effluent treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the assessment of interactions between a non-ionic surfactant (NIS) triton X-100 (TNX-100) and a globular protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) was explored through the determination of clouding nature in aqueous solution of sodium salts (Na-salts). Sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium acetate (NaOAc), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium oxalate (Na2Oxal), sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), and sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) have been chosen to assess their impacts on the clouding nature of TNX-100 + BSA mixture. The estimated cloud point (CP) values were noticed to be lowered with the enhancement of [Na-salts]. The lessening of CP values has been explained by the salting out effect of anions. The calculated standard Gibbs free energy change ( $ \Delta G_c^o $ Δ G c o ) was positive at all examined conditions which illustrates the nonspontaneity of phase change. The standard enthalpy ( $ \Delta H_c^o $ Δ H c o ) and entropy ( $ \Delta S_c^o $ Δ S c o ) changes exhibited negative values at low contents of aq. Na-salts and positive values at high aq. Na-salts content. These consequences illustrate the presence of electrostatic interactions at low Na-salts concentration and hydrophobic interactions at high Na-salts concentration. Furthermore, enthalpy-entropy parameters were successfully computed and explained with proper clarification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows that the composite material is used as an adsorbent to remove pollutants from wastewater. This work is aimed at producing a novel composite film comprising chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, and cornstarch incorporating nanocellulose (CPCN). The composite film was prepared by a blending method wherein nanocellulose was extracted using a chemical method from banana bract. The prepared CPCN was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX to understand their molecular interaction and surface morphology, respectively. The effect of parameters including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time on the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye was studied. The maximum adsorption was found to be up to 63.13 mg/g MB with a pH of 10, adsorbent dosage of 2 g, an initial concentration of 150 ppm, and contact time of 120 min at room temperature (25°C) indicating a moderate adsorption capacity of the CPCN. Comparing the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models, the former fitted well with MB dye adsorption data, implying that the models can be applied to uptake MB dye by CPCN. In the kinetic adsorption experiment, the adsorbed dye almost reached equilibrium at about 120 min for the CPCN and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Therefore, the CPCN can be used as a potential adsorbent in wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temperature dependency of the electrochemical analysis of acetyl ferrocene (AcFc) and iron(III) acetylacetonate ([Fe(acac)3]) has been investigated for non‐aqueous redox flow batteries (NARFBs). AcFc and [Fe(acac)3] were utilized as catholyte and anolyte species, respectively, in an electrochemical cell with a cell voltage of 1.41 V and Coulombic efficiencies >99% for up to 50 total cycles at room temperature (RT, 25 °C). Experiments with a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) indicate that the diffusion coefficient reduces with decreasing temperature from 25 °C to 0 °C, yet the overall storage capacity was higher than that of an aqueous redox flow battery (ARFBs). The electrochemical kinetic rate constant (k0) of AcFc was found to be greater than that of [Fe(acac)3]. However, the value of k0 was not affected by the variable temperature. 1H NMR investigations reveal that temperature change during battery trials did not occur in any structural modification. The obtained result demonstrates the suitability of this battery at low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]