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From the huge unexplored potential of non-paraffin organic compounds with exceptional thermal energy storage characteristics, this study identifies two novel eutectic PCM of margaric acid–behenic acid (MB) and palmitic acid–behenic acid (PB) with a melting temperature of 62.47 °C and 62.62 °C with high melting enthalpies of 170.66 J g-1 and 188.86 J g-1, respectively. To analyse the effects of nano-enhancement and with an objective of improved thermophysical characteristics, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were added over varying concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of mass). Initial thermal conductivities of 0.134 W m-1 K-1 and 0.138 W m-1 K-1 were improved with the addition of nanoparticles to 0.312 W m-1 K-1 and 0.305 W m-1 K-1, reporting a 132.8% and 122.46% for MB and PB eutectic mixtures, respectively. Contrary to the usual trend, a highly significant and advantageous increment in melting enthalpy was also observed for both MB and PB eutectic mixtures by 21.9% and 15.8%, respectively. Further, the chemical stability, optical characteristics and thermal stability of the eutectic mixtures were analysed to ensure compatibility towards thermal energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many analyses are performed by the LHC experiments to search for heavy gauge bosons, which appear in several new physics models. The invariant mass reconstruction of heavy gauge bosons is difficult when they decay to τ leptons due to missing neutrinos in the final state. Machine learning techniques are widely utilized in experimental high-energy physics, in particular in analyzing the large amount of data produced at the LHC. In this paper, we study various machine learning techniques to reconstruct the invariant mass of Z ′ → τ τ and W ′ → τ ν decays, which can improve the sensitivity of these searches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In urban and city environments, road transportation contributes significantly to the generation of substantial traffic. However, this surge in vehicles leads to complex issues, including hindered emergency vehicle movement due to high density and congestion. Scarcity of human personnel amplifies these challenges. As traffic conditions worsen, the need for automated solutions to manage emergency situations becomes more evident. Intelligent traffic monitoring can identify and prioritize emergency vehicles, potentially saving lives. However, categorizing emergency vehicles through visual analysis faces difficulties such as clutter, occlusions, and traffic variations. Visual-based techniques for vehicle detection rely on clear rear views, but this is problematic in dense traffic. In contrast, audio-based methods are resilient to the Doppler Effect from moving vehicles, but handling diverse background noises remains unexplored. Using acoustics for emergency vehicle localization presents challenges related to sensor range and real-world noise. Addressing these issues, this study introduces a novel solution: combining visual and audio data for enhanced detection and localization of emergency vehicles in road networks. Leveraging this multi-modal approach aims to bolster accuracy and robustness in emergency vehicle management.The proposed methodology consists of several key steps. The presence of an emergency vehicle is initially detected through the preprocessing of visual images, involving the removal of clutter and occlusions via an adaptive background model. Subsequently, a cell-wise classification strategy utilizing a customized Visual Geometry Group Network (VGGNet) deep learning model is employed to determine the presence of emergency vehicles within individual cells. To further reinforce the accuracy of emergency vehicle presence detection, the outcomes from the audio data analysis are integrated. This involves the extraction of spectral features from audio streams, followed by classification utilizing a support vector machine (SVM) model. The fusion of information derived from both visual and audio sources is utilized in the construction of a more comprehensive and refined traffic state map. This augmented map facilitates the effective management of emergency vehicle transit. In empirical evaluations, the proposed solution demonstrates its capability to mitigate challenges like visual clutter, occlusions, and variations in traffic density common issues encountered in traditional visual analysis methods. Notably, the proposed approach achieves an impressive accuracy rate of approximately 98.15% in the localization of emergency vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here the synthesis of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) aqueous dispersion using sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) with hydrophobic fluorinated groups to improve the weather and water stability of the conductive film is reported. The conductivity and surface morphology of the fabricated PEDOT:SPES conductive thin films are investigated. The PEDOT:SPES film after the N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) treatment showed a 200 times increase in the conductivity and the transmittance is over 96.5%. Raman spectroscopy indicates conformational changes in PEDOT chains due to the solvent treatment. The PEDOT:SPES film shows better water and weather stability performance in terms of dimensional stability in comparison to the commercial PEDOT:poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS). Further, the organic solar cells performance is tested using PEDOT:SPES as hole transport layer and poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]‐phenyl C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as active material. The PEDOT:SPES achieves a good power conversion efficiency (=3.36%), comparable with the conventional PEDOT:PSS (AI 4083). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising demand for inexpensive and sustainable energy storage solutions has catalized substantial research into advanced materials for supercapacitors (SCs). Ionic liquid-based polymer electrolytes (ILPEs) have emerged as potential alternatives owing to their elevated ionic conductivity, extensive electrochemical stability windows, and superior thermal stability. This review paper focuses on advancements in ILPEs for SC applications, emphasizing the interaction between ionic liquids (ILs) and polymer matrices to enhance electrochemical performance. ILs exhibit notable characteristics, such as a wide voltage range exceeding 3V, ionic conductivity greater than 10 mS cm−1, and low volatility. These attributes enhance energy densities (up to 40 Wh/kg) and power densities, in addition to providing improved thermal and mechanical stability. Data indicate that ILPEs can attain specific capacitances within the 100–300 F/g range, exhibiting stable cycling performance and minimal capacitance degradation, which are essential factors for the SC mechanism. Various approaches for incorporating ILs into polymer electrolytes (PEs), including composite materials and gel-type systems, are explored. The review identifies significant challenges such as scalability and costs, noting that the high viscosity and limited ionic conductivity of ILs initially created obstacles. It also proposes optimization strategies for future SC developments. • ILPEs effectively enhance the supercapacitor performances among other electrolytes. • ILPEs provide high ionic conductivity, wide voltage range, and thermal stability. • ILPEs offer up to 40 Wh/kg energy densities and capacitances between 100 and 300 F/g. • Electrochemical analysis techniques i.e., CV, GCD, and EIS are concisely discussed. • ILPEs give opportunities for SCs, particularly in safety, customization, and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs) are the most versatile and reliable solar collectors that could achieve higher temperatures, making them employed over diversified areas like industrial and domestic applications. Understanding the working principle of PTSC as well as enhancing their performance and efficiency for better reliability is highly relevant at present, as we are in dire need of a shift toward reliable renewable sources of energy. A non-tracking, feasible, and locally scalable simple PTSC with moderate performance and temperature output has been used in this experiment. The receiver is a significant part of the collector system, carrying the heat transfer fluid (HTF), and determines the performance and output of the PTSC to a great extent. In this study, two receiver configurations, one being an evacuated tube and another a simple copper tube with a glass cover, are employed, and a comparative analysis is performed. Two different blends of water and thermal oils as HTF are also employed, and their influence on the performance of the PTSC under both receiver configurations is evaluated. Initially, water is used as the HTF, and gradually, 0.5% of Hytherm 600 thermal oil is blended in every hour, and the results are monitored. Similarly, Therminol 55 is also blended with water at a similar rate as the HTF and output readings are observed. The experimental results confirmed that the evacuated tube configuration yielded the best overall system efficiency of 55.4% in the case of both HTFs. Comparing the performance of different oil and water blend as HTF, Hytherm 600 exhibits better performance than Therminol 55, up to 32% higher efficiency in evacuated tube configuration. The best efficiency of the system was exhibited during the noon when the solar incidence angle was close to zero and the optical efficiency reached up to 71.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results The heterogonous impact of globalization ( I gi i ) and FDI ( I fdi i ) on stunted (0.05 quantile) to most (0.95 quantile) arrived tourist countries are observed from the results reported in Table 1. Conclusion The study investigates the impact of non-fiscal measures such as globalization and FDI on tourist arrival across 112 countries in a panel quantile framework considering the cross-sectionally heteroscedastic of the countries. [Extracted from the article]

In recent years, sunlight has been used in several fields such as photovoltaic cells, flat plate collectors, solar cookers, green buildings, and agricultural applications. Improved thermal performance has been seen which comes of three sides absorber plate with glass cover compared to the traditional one. This paper presents the Nusselt (Nu) number, collector efficiency factor (CEF), and collector heat removal factor (CHRF) for the optimal solution of three sides artificially roughened solar air heater. Five input variables such as Reynolds (Re) number, relative roughness pitch, relative roughness height, mass flow rate, and air temperature of the duct are taken into account for improved efficiency optimization of collector, collector heat removal factor, and Nu number. Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) technique is used to identify the best alternative amongst a number of performance measures by converting them into an equivalent single variable. Moreover, the results revealed the high accuracy of the CEF, CHRF, and Nu number of 75–80%, 74–78%, and 63–71%, respectively. Meanwhile, it has been also observed that roughness Re number varies between 12,500 and 13,500, and height of relative roughness is 0.0245, including pitch of relative roughness 10 along with the rate of mass flow is 0.041 kg/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper examines the effect of economic globalization on India's aggregate export performance during the period from 1995:M1 to 2016:M12. We use various macroeconomic variables such as export, relative price, nominal effective exchange rate (NEER), GDP per capita, and economic globalization. We employ Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to find out the long‐run equilibrium relationship among the variables considered. The empirical results indicate that there exists a long‐run equilibrium relationship between export, relative price, NEER, GDP per capita and economic globalization. Further, in the long run, we find that India's export performance is influenced by economic globalization, GDP per capita and relative price. However, in the short run, export performance is influenced by economic globalization, relative price, NEER and GDP per capita. In the short run, 1% increase in economic globalization will lead to increase in the volume of export by 0.77%; whereas, in the long run, it is 3.40%. Hence, sustainability of export in the long run is a matter of concern for policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work includes the effect of Zeolite-A catalyst on the thermal degradation behavior of six different consumer plastic wastes like high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethylene methacralate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS) and polytetrafluoro ethylene (PTFE) through kinetic approach by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data. Kinetic parameters such as reaction order, activation energy, and Arrhenius constant for the degradation of different waste plastics is determined using model fitting Coats–Redfern method. All the plastics show one-step degradation in the temperature range of 300–600°C. There is a significant decrease in activation energy (Ea) for the thermo-catalytic decomposition of the plastics in presence of Zeolite A catalyst. The extent of catalytic effect is found different for different plastics in the order of HDPE < PP < PS < PET < PMMA < PTFE. The order of the thermal degradation reaction is also found different for different types of plastics. The order of the reaction is altered in case of PET, PS and PTFE in presence of the catalyst but it is unaffected in case of remaining plastics. This treatment would reduce the energy consumption of pyrolysis process and also make the process economical viable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with higher ion exchange capacities (IECw) are limited to applications due to excessive swelling and higher water uptake. Crosslinked macromolecular structures have been a strategy to balance between ionic conductivity and swelling in membranes. However, highly crosslinked AEMs are usually mechanically brittle and poorer in ion transport. Thus we report a series of partially diamine crosslinked (X = 10%, 15%, 20%) comb-shaped AEMs functionalized with dimethylhexadecylammonium groups exhibiting improved flexibility, water uptake and swelling properties over conventional un-crosslinked or fully crosslinked materials. The higher conductivities in these PPO AEM(X) (for example, X = 20%, IECw = 1.96 mmol/g, σ(OH−) ~ 67 mS/cm at 80 °C) are attributed to the distinct nanophase separation as observed in SAXS and AFM analyses. Finally, the microbial fuel cell performances of the membranes were compared with commercially available cation and anion exchange membranes. Dimethylhexadecyl ammonium functionalized PPO based anion exchange membranes with partially crosslinking with alkyl diamine were fabricated and investigated. Image 1 • Comb-shaped PPO based AEMs with partial crosslinking. • Well-defined nanophase separated morphology lead to efficient ion transport. • Good mechanical strength, higher conductivity and MFC performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate is widely used for gypsum product fabrication; however, it requires superplasticizers to improve its fluidity and workability. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel superplasticizer based on partially sulfonated polystyrene (PStSS- f SS) for calcium sulfate hemihydrate. We synthesized PStSS -f SS by polymerization of styrene and sodium 4-styrenesulfonate and compared its performance with polynapthalene sulfonate (PNS) in terms of fluidity, zeta potential, hydration rate, and water resistance. PStSS -f SS exhibited higher fluidity than PNS without hydration delay of hemihydrate. The higher fluidity was attributed to the enhanced polymer adsorption on the hemihydrate surface because of the hydrophobic units. PStSS -f SS also imparted better water-resist properties to the gypsum products. PStSS -f SS is confirmed as a better superplasticizer than PNS for calcium sulfate hemihydrate, providing higher fluidity and improved water resistance. [Display omitted] • PStSS is a novel superplasticizer for CaSO 4 hemihydrates. • PStSS improves hemihydrate slurry fluidity over PNS. • Lower sulfonate content in PStSS increases fluidity. • PStSS enhances the water resistance of gypsum products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A class of poly(ether sulfone) (FPES) block copolymers containing pendent quaternary ammonium (QA) and imidazolium (IM) groups were prepared as anion exchange membranes by reaction involving nucleophilic substitution, benzylic bromination, quaternization and anion exchange with hydroxide ions. Highly reactive hexafluorobenzene (HFB) was utilized as a linkage group for relatively low temperature (e.g., 105 °C) coupling between hydrophobic and precursor hydrophilic oligomer blocks. The phase separated morphology, water uptake, swelling ratio, conductivity, and chemical stability of the resultant copolymer membranes were also investigated. The hydroxide conductivity of the ionomer membranes (IEC ~ 2.0 mequiv./g) was 21–22 mS/cm and 56–63 mS/cm at 30 °C and 80 °C respectively. The FPES-IM membrane showed relatively very good dimensional integrity in high pH solution, whereas under the similar condition the FPES-QA membrane broke into pieces. However, the degradation of the imidazolium cations in FPES-IM was relatively faster in comparison to the ammonium cations in FPES-QA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a class of very good conducting polymers widely used in various optoelectronics and other applications. Though PEDOT:PSS is generally dispersed in an aqueous solvent and displays high acidity and hygroscopic characteristics that weaken the device's performance and stability. In this regard, we report the preparation of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) dispersion in water-free organic solvents with the use of post sulfonated poly (ether sulfone) (P-SPES) as a new polymeric template material. In-situ polymerization of EDOT in P-SPES was carried out using iron(III)p-toluenesulfonate hexahydrate (FePTS) as the oxidant in various non-aqueous solvents resulting in stable dark blue colloidal PEDOT dispersion. The purified PEDOT:P-SPES complex was spin-coated over the glass substrate and checked for conductivity and transmittance. The particle size and roughness of the PEDOT dispersion were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical conductivity was observed at ∼0.08 S/cm with a transparency of 94%. The prepared PEDOT dispersion in organic solvent explores a new pathway for the fabrication of organic electronic devices with water-free processing as requirement in optoelectronic applications to improve the device performance. [Display omitted] • For the first time reported sulfonated polyether sulfone as a new polymeric counter ion for PEDOT dispersion in water free organic solvents. • Developed PEDOT dispersion showed stable and narrow particle size of 20–30 nm. • Conductivity value was observed as 0.08 S/cm with transmittance of over the 94%. • The developed PEDOT dispersion in organic solvents will be useful for water free electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic polyurethane/millable polyurethane blend and its organoclay-based nanocomposites with co-agent assisted peroxide curative system were prepared by melt intercalation technique using batch mixer followed by compression molding to make sheets. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of interfacial interactions due to hydrogen bonding of PUs with organoclays. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses qualitatively established the uniform dispersion of organoclays within the PU matrix up to 5 phr Cloisite 30B (C30B) content and exhibited small aggregates at higher C30B loading. Mechanical testing reported significant improvement in tensile strength with addition of C30B up to 5 phr loading and then reduced a little but tensile modulus continuously increased with increase in C30B loading. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) evaluated that the storage modulus (E′) and glass transition temperature (Tg) of both hard and soft segments of PU matrix substantially enhanced by incorporation of C30B. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the thermal stability of the PU matrix noticeably increased with C30B loading. Melt rheological characterization reported that all samples showed a strong shear thinning behavior within the scanned frequency range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A series of new partially fluorinated sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (IBQSH-XX) copolymers based on imidoaryl biphenol (IB) such as 3,8-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-1,2-naphthalimide were synthesized by potassium carbonate mediated aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction. The content of the sulfonated comonomer 3,3′-disodiumsulfonyl-4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone was varied to obtain a degree of sulfonation from 0.2 to 0.6. The copolymers showed number average molar masses as high as 60kDa and good solubility in various aprotic polar solvents. The copolymer structures were confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The IB moiety in the copolymers contributed decisively for very high thermal stability, oxidative stability and mechanical properties. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed good phase separated morphology with ionic cluster size in the range of 3–60nm for the copolymer membranes. The copolymer membranes showed good dimensional stability with very low water uptake and swelling ratios due to the rigid aromatic backbone moieties. Ion exchange capacity (IECW) of the copolymer films was calculated from the monomer composition obtained by 1H NMR spectroscopy and was further determined by titration methods. The proton conductivities of the copolymer membranes increase with degree of sulfonation and temperature maximum up to 49mS/cm at 80°C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of semifluorinated sulfonated copoly(ether imide)s (co-SPI) was synthesized by one pot high temperature polycondensation reaction using a sulfonated diamine, 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DSDSA), 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA) and a fluorinated quadri diamine (QA). The structures of the resulting co-SPIs were investigated by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The polymers had high molecular weight and gave tough, flexible and transparent membranes. Oxidative stability of the membranes was improved by introducing trifluoromethyl substituents in the copolymer structure and the copolymers also exhibited superior mechanical property higher than many other SPIs. The co-SPI membrane showed significantly high proton conductivity and low activation energy in water medium. Microscopic analyses revealed that well-dispersed hydrophilic domains contribute to better proton conducting properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of phthalimidine based aromatic fluorinated sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAQSH-XX) copolymers were prepared by direct polycondensation reaction. The copolymer structures were confirmed by FTIR and NMR (1H, 13C, 19 F) spectroscopy. The copolymers showed high molecular weight and tough membranes were obtained from their solution in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). The copolymers showed high thermal and oxidative stability and high mechanical properties depending upon their chemical compositions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the membranes showed phase separated morphology with ionic cluster sizes from 2 to 17nm. The copolymers showed good dimensional stability and low water uptake values. Ion exchange capacity (IEC W) of the copolymers was calculated from the monomer composition obtained from 1H NMR spectroscopy and determined by tritemetric methods. The proton conductivities of PAQSH-XX membranes increased with IEC W value and temperature; a maximum value of 50mS/cm at 80°C for PAQSH-60 copolymer was achieved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In recent years, many more chemists have been focused on fluorescent probe research, and significant progresses, which has been made in terms of design and use. This review begins with a brief overview of the most prevalent chemosensor design concepts, followed by a discussion of the photophysical characteristics of the 1,8-naphthalimide structure, such as great photostability, high fluorescence quantum yield and ease of modification which has been used in Zn2+ cation sensing to date. The contributions of the fluorescent probes built on the 1,8-naphthalimide based platform in the field of chemical sensing, biological sensing, pharmaceutical chemistry, environment and food safety in the last 10 years are then systematically introduced by discussing the probe's fluorescence behavior in the corresponding recognition process. Simultaneously, we intend to build an overall review on fluorescent chemical sensor that will be able to play larger and more interesting role in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A series of random sulfonated polyimide (SPI) with controlled sulfonation degrees were synthesized by one step high temperature polycondensation reaction using a commercially available sulfonated diamine, 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DSDSA), 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenoxy)bis(phthalic anhydride) (BPADA), and a fluorine containing quadri diamine (QA). Transparent, flexible and mechanically strong thin films were prepared by the solution–evaporation method using dimethylacetamide (DMAc). The structures of the resulting SPIs were confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The polymers showed the onset of decomposition at around 290–300°C for the ionic moieties and above 570°C for the polymer backbone. The membranes exhibited good proton conductivity at higher sulfonation content which was found in the range of Nafion® 117 and were also comparable to many typical proton exchange membranes. A clear microphase separated structure was observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which indicated the formation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domain throughout the membrane. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of new fluorinated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (BPAQSH-XX) copolymers were prepared by potassium carbonate mediated direct copolymerization of 4,4′-bis(4′-fluoro-3′-trifluoromethyl benzyl) biphenyl (QBF), 3,3′-disulfonate-4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone (SDCDPS) and 4,4′-isopropylidene diphenol (BPA). The degree of sulfonation (DS) of the copolymers was controlled with variation of ratio of SDCDPS to QBF. The copolymer structures were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and 1H-NMR analysis. The copolymer films obtained from N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solution showed good thermal stability, oxidative stability and mechanical properties depending upon their chemical compositions (DS from 0.2 to 0.6). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed fibril like microstructures for the copolymer membranes. The copolymers showed good dimensional stability with low water uptake and swelling ratios. Ion exchange capacity (IECW) of the copolymer films was determined by NMR and titration methods. The proton conductivities of acid form membrane increased with IECW value and temperature; maximum to 88mS/cm at 90°C for BPAQSH-60 copolymer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites were prepared through melt compounding method followed by compression molding. The spectroscopic study indicated that a strong interfacial interaction was developed between carbon nanotube (CNT) and the TPU matrix in the nanocomposites. The microscopic observation showed that the CNTs were homogeneously dispersed throughout the TPU matrix well apart from a few clusters. The results from thermal analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature (T g) and storage modulus (E′) of the nanocomposites were increased with increase in CNTs content and their thermal stability were also improved in comparison with pure TPU matrix. The rheological analysis showed the low frequency plateau of shear modulus and the shear thinning behavior of the nanocomposites. The electrical behaviors of the nanocomposites are increased with increase in weight percent (wt%) of CNT loading. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites were substantially improved by the incorporation of CNTs into the TPU matrix. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Shrimp in curry medium (SICM) was prepared and thermally processed to three different F 0 values, i.e., 5, 7 and 9. The total process time taken to reach the F 0 value of 5, 7 and 9 for SICM was 20.09, 24.31 and 28.69 min, respectively. The cook value obtained during the thermal processing of SICM at F 0 values of 5, 7 and 9 was 59.20, 67.45 and 69.73 min, respectively. The sensory textural parameters and instrumental textural parameter followed the same trend and showed very good correlation. The instrumental textural parameter like hardness correlated well with the shear force for all the products. The instrumental color parameters for thermally processed shrimp were measured for CIELAB values like L *, a * and b *. These instrumental color parameters correlated well with the sensory color parameters. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Texture is one of the important properties of thermally processed food. The present study was conducted to measure the changes in the textural parameters of retort pouch-processed Indian white shrimp in different F0 value and to correlate the sensory textural parameters with the instrumental one. It was observed from the result that there is a decrease in the hardness as well as shear force and an increase in the F0 values. Apart from this, the color of the products was also measured to know the effect of thermal processing on it. The color also followed the same trends as texture. This will help to standardize the F0 value to get optimum sensory characteristics for shrimp in curry medium in retort pouch processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient, efficient, and inexpensive procedure for the synthesis of 3-formyl-2-mercaptoquinolines 2a–l has been developed by a simple one-pot reaction of 3-formyl-2-chloroquinolines 1a–l with sodium sulfide and hydrochloric acid in ethanol. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental analyses and IR, 1 H NMR, and mass spectral data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of substituted thieno[2,3- b ]quinolines has been developed. A simple one-pot reaction of 3-formyl-2-mercaptoquinolines 2a–l with 1-chloroacetone, 2-chloroacetamide, ethyl chloroacetate and 2-chloro-1-phenylethanone in presence of catalytic amount of potassium carbonate under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions gave thieno[2,3- b ]quinolin-2-ylethanone derivatives 3a–e, thieno[2,3- b ]quinoline-2-carboxamide derivatives 4a–e, ethyl thieno[2,3- b ]quinoline-2-carboxylate 5a–e and phenyl(thieno[2,3- b ]quinolin-2-yl)methanone derivatives 6a–e compounds respectively. The structures of all the newly synthesised compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1 H NMR and mass spectral data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are a class of smart materials that are used in diverse applications and exhibit unique shape-changing abilities in response to external stimuli. Incorporating nanoparticles such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into SMPs can further enhance their performance. However, Gamma (γ) irradiation effect on these nanocomposites remains relatively unexplored. In the current work, nanocomposite specimens were subjected to varying γ-irradiation doses of 100, 200, and 300 kGy. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to evaluate the changes in mechanical, thermal, micrographic, and shape memory behavior of the nanocomposites before and after irradiation. The results revealed a significant improvement in mechanical and thermal properties, with a 41 % increase in tensile strength, a 38 % increase in flexural strength, and a 11 % in glass transition temperature (T g) observed at the 200 kGy γ-irradiation dose. The influence of γ-irradiation on MWCNTs and their interaction with SMP was also examined. Furthermore, the shape recovery responses of strip and waveform specimens in extension and compression were investigated. It was observed that all the investigated parameters of the SMP nanocomposites showed a decline beyond an optimum irradiation dosage. [Display omitted] • SMPU/MWCNTs nanocomposite specimens prepared by melt blending and 4D printing. • Gamma irradiation improved the interaction and dispersion of nanotubes in the SMP matrix. • At 200 kGy dose, the mechanical properties were improved. • Gamma irradiation improved the shape recovery properties of the SMP nanocomposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the performance of a 440 W bifacial solar photovoltaic (PV) module installed on the rooftop of the Technology Tower (TT) building at Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore. The influence of tilt angle on energy generation was examined by systematically adjusting the module from 0° to 90° during sunny days in February 2024. Measurements were collected at one-hour intervals between 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM. To enhance rear irradiation, the ground beneath the module was painted with white reflective material. Key performance parameters were recorded, and irradiation ratios were calculated for each tilt angle. Results showed a maximum daily average power generation of 316.85 W at a tilt angle of 30°. The corresponding bifacial irradiation ratio ranged from 0.20 to 0.40. Daily average power exhibited a progressive increase from 0° to 30° tilt, followed by a decline to a minimum of 148.51 W at 90°. Interestingly, the irradiation ratio displayed the opposite trend, increasing from 0.32 to 0.96 at 90°. These observations suggest that while overall irradiation reaching the module increases with tilt angle, optimal power generation is achieved at a 30° tilt due to a balance between front and rear irradiance. This study highlights the critical role of tilt angle and ground reflectance when using white paint in maximizing energy output from bifacial PV modules. Within the experimental setup, the PV module's power output remained relatively stable for tilt angles between 13° and 45°, even when considering a 5 % measurement uncertainty. Further investigations are affirmed to explore the impact of seasonal variations and weather conditions on the performance of bifacial modules in this specific geographical location. • Minimal change in power output from PV module for 13°-45° tilt, within 5 % uncertainty. • Near-vertical bifacial modules generate less power but capture more reflected light. • Daytime irradiation ratio increases with tilt angle, stressing reflected light's importance. • Balancing direct and reflected light is key to optimizing bifacial PV power generation. • Tilt angle selection is crucial to maximize energy production from bifacial PV modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel chromone-based Schiff base L was designed and synthesized by condensing an equimolar amount of 3-formyl chromone and 2,4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine. Schiff base L was developed as a potent colorimetric and fluorescent molecular probe to recognize Hg2+ ions over other competitive metal ions. In the presence of Hg2+, Schiff base L displays a naked-eye detectable color change under day and UV365 nm light. Various UV-Vis and fluorescence studies of L were performed in the absence and presence of Hg2+ to determine the sensitivity and the sensing mechanism. With high selectivity and specificity, the detection limit and association constant of L for Hg2+ were estimated at 1.87 µM and 1.234 × 107 M−1, respectively. The developed sensor L was applied to real soil samples for the detection of Hg2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situ synthesized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) decorated with green synthesized AgNPs (AgNPs@GQDs) hybrid nanofillers reinforced polyaniline (PANI) ternary nanocomposites was synthesized by in situ polymerization. The UV-Vis spectroscopy showed the presence of AgNPs at 402 nm in AgNPs@GQDs hybrid nanofillers, and a charge transfer complex was formed between PANI matrix and AgNPs@GQDs hybrid nanofillers. The direct optical band gap of the ternary nanocomposites calculated from UV-Vis analysis is found to be 3.085 eV, which indicates the ternary nanocomposite may be used for solar cell applications. The Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy represented the occurrence of interphase interactions between the ternary nanocomposites. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed the positions and intensities of the hybrid nanofillers and PANI matrix. The morphology of the ternary nanocomposites was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) attributed to the thermal degradation of the ternary nanocomposites. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed the oxygen reduction potential of the ternary nanocomposites. Photoluminescence (PL) activity of the ternary nanocomposites was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy. The AC conductivity of the ternary nanocomposites significantly increases as compared to pure PANI due to the presence of uniformly distributed hybrid nanofillers within PANI matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistence and multifractality are two fundamental properties of hydrological time series. This study aims at understanding the origin of the Hurst exponent of streamflow time series. Thus, we have obtained streamflow, rainfall, and potential evapotranspiration (PET) time series data pertaining to 101 stations in 17 river basins in India. The persistence and multifractal properties of the time series were estimated using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA). Results suggest that most of the rainfall time series (85%) exhibit short-term persistence while all the PET time series and 59% of the streamflow time series exhibit long-term persistence. The Hurst exponent exhibited by the river flow series simulated by the dynamic Budyko (DB) model that considers only rainfall and PET as inputs displayed a good agreement with the Hurst exponent of observed streamflow, supporting our hypothesis that climatic factors typically shape the value of the Hurst exponent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A class of phenolphthalein anilide (PA)-based poly(ether sulfone) multiblock copolymers containing pendant quaternary ammonium (QA) and imidazolium (IM) groups were synthesized and evaluated as anion exchange membrane (AEM) materials. The AEMs were flexible and mechanically strong with good thermal stability. The ionomeric multiblock copolymer AEMs exhibited well-defined hydrophobic/hydrophilic phase-separated morphology in small-angle X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy. The distinct nanophase separated membrane morphology in the AEMs resulted in higher conductivity (IECw = 1.3–1.5 mequiv./g, σ(OH−) = 30–38 mS/cm at 20 °C), lower water uptake and swelling. Finally, the membranes were compared in terms of microbial fuel cell performances with the commercial cation and anion exchange membranes. The membranes showed a maximum power density of ~310 mW/m2 (at 0.82 A/m2); 1.7 and 2.8 times higher than the Nafion 117 and FAB-PK-130 membranes, respectively. These results demonstrated that the synthesized AEMs were superior to Nafion 117 and FAB-PK-130 membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Asian countries have seen remarkable economic growth and development in the past few decades. This has been driven by financial sector reforms, industrialization, and expansion of foreign trade. The present study is designed to identify the long- and short-run relationships among environmental degradation, economic growth, energy consumption, and trade openness in the South Asian region. Our research contributes to the literature by employing a new approach (the NARDL method). We examine annual data for four South Asian countries between 1971 and 2014. We found that there was a long-run equilibrium relationship between environmental degradation, economic growth, energy consumption, and trade openness. The results confirmed the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis only for India and Pakistan. However, the long-term coefficients related to energy consumption were statistically significant only in Pakistan. The most interesting finding was that only in Sri Lanka did the long-run coefficients associated with trade openness shocks significantly impact carbon dioxide emissions. These impacts were based on the scale effect. Our study has some policy implications. Foremost, the governments of South Asian countries should promote and subsidize green energy use by increasing R&D spending on renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The silver nanoparticle (AgNP) coated graphene oxide (GO) hybrid nanofiller (Ag@GO) reinforced polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite via in situ polymerisation method is synthesised. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis revealed the existence of chemical interactions between the Ag@GO hybrid nanofiller and the PANI matrix. The ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy showed the presence of a silver nanoparticle peak. The nanostructure morphology of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) established the presence of AgNPs on the surface of the GO nanosheets that successfully reinforced into the PANI matrix. The thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) thermograms revealed that the thermal stability of the PANI/Ag@GO nanocomposite was significantly enhanced due to the synergistic effect imparted by the AgNPs, GO, and PANI matrix. The dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) study indicated that the dielectric behaviour of the PANI/Ag@GO nanocomposite was enhanced because of the strong interfacial interactions existing between the Ag@GO hybrid nanofiller and PANI matrix. Polyaniline/Ag@GO nanocomposite has been prepared via in situ polymerisation method. The results showed that the thermal stability as well as the dielectric properties of the PANI/Ag@GO nanocomposite increases due to the synergistic effect imparted by the GO, AgNP, and PANI, which may be suitable for application in the energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) with low sheet resistances are excellent potential candidates for high‐performance wearable electrothermal heaters operated through Joule heating. However, the thermal oxidation and electrical instability of AgNWs caused by high contact resistance and poor adhesion to different substrates considerably limit their use in devices. Graphene is used in a AgNW/graphene hybrid owing to its low oxygen permeability, lower contact resistance with AgNWs, and good van der Waals interactions. Molecular‐level contacts between AgNWs and graphene must be achieved to maximize the synergy of these properties. In this study, a multifunctional polymer possessing styrene sulfonate‐based copolymer and disulfide groups is designed; these groups allow the simultaneous dispersion of AgNWs and graphene in an aqueous solution through self‐assembly. Since this polymer promotes molecular‐level contact between AgNWs and graphene, the oxidation and Joule‐heating stabilities of the hybrid dramatically increase. In addition, a freestanding AgNW/graphene film is readily prepared, exhibiting good attachable properties on various substrates and superior stability under harsh conditions (85 °C and 85% relative humidity for 7 days). The AgNW/graphene hybrid film displays a low sheet resistance (0.36 ± 0.02 Ω sq−1) with good performance as a high‐performance electrothermal heater (200 °C at 1.5 V). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A data-oriented technique for person Re-ID, helping CNNs to find the accurate receptive fields. • Synthesizing n 2 − n pedestrian samples from n available samples. • A holistic, parameter-free, and on-the-fly person data augmentation technique. The receptive fields of deep learning models determine the most significant regions of the input data for providing correct decisions. Up to now, the primary way to learn such receptive fields is to train the models upon masked data, which helps the networks to ignore any unwanted regions, but also has two major drawbacks: (1) it yields edge-sensitive decision processes; and (2) it augments considerably the computational cost of the inference phase. Having theses weaknesses in mind, this paper describes a solution for implicitly enhancing the inference of the networks' receptive fields, by creating synthetic learning data composed of interchanged segments considered apriori important or irrelevant for the network decision. In practice, we use a segmentation module to distinguish between the foreground (important) versus background (irrelevant) parts of each learning instance, and randomly swap segments between image pairs, while keeping the class label exclusively consistent with the label of the segments deemed important. This strategy typically drives the networks to interpret that the identity and clutter descriptions are not correlated. Moreover, the proposed solution has other interesting properties: (1) it is parameter-learning-free; (2) it fully preserves the label information; and (3) it is compatible with the data augmentation techniques typically used. In our empirical evaluation, we considered the person re-identification problem, and the well known RAP, Market1501 and MSMT-V2 datasets for two different settings (upper-body and full-body), having observed highly competitive results over the state-of-the-art. Under a reproducible research paradigm, both the code and the empirical evaluation protocol are available at https://github.com/Ehsan-Yaghoubi/reid-strong-baseline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the road accident rates from 29 Indian states and 6 Union Territories during 2006–2015. In this paper, we have employed several empirical techniques such as regression, generalized method of moments (GMM), and threshold regression models to examine how education and attitude of the drivers impact the road accident rates. In our empirical analysis, we demonstrate that lawless driving is found to be positive and statistically significant while incorporating both state and year effects. We also find some interesting result in the context of education and road accidents. We notice positive relationship between higher education and road accident rates across Indian states, which tells us highly educated people are more prone to road accidents as compared with less educated people. In the threshold analysis, the study discovers the positive relationship between road injury and accidents caused by people with higher education, in cases of considering road injury rate from drunken driving as the threshold variable. There appears to be a large number of behavioral issues emanating from higher education, which contributes significantly to the road accident rates in the Indian states. Hence, there is a need for policy intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Block copolymers of poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) and poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (poly(DMAEMA‐b‐MEO2MA)) are successfully prepared by sequential reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and evaluated its thermoresponsive behavior in acidic potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer. Individual block of the corresponding block copolymers exhibits lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transition whereas the synthesized block copolymers are found to exhibit dual thermoresponsive behavior: LCST at low temperatures due to the MEO2MA block and upper critical solution temperature (UCST) at high temperatures due to phthalate crosslinked protonated PDMAEMA block. The agglomeration at LCST is effectively enhanced by the ion–ion interactions within the chains. However, at higher temperature the hydrophobicity by the low hydration due to inter‐ionic interactions is disrupted at UCST, resulting in a transparent solution. The temperature‐dependent phase transition of the copolymer (i.e., from micelles to agglomerates, and reversibly to micelles) is confirmed using dynamic light scattering, UV–visible spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The unique dual thermoresponsive behavior upon heating and cooling cycles is found to exhibit very small hysteresis. The morphological transformation during LSCT and UCST‐type phase transition is explained via a proposed schematic illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Redox‐initiated reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerizations are successfully conducted with an employment of trithiocarbonate‐based macro‐RAFT agents and surfactant. Two macro‐RAFT agents—hydrophilic poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PPEGMA27) and amphiphilic poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)‐b‐polystyrene (PPEGMA27‐b‐PS33)— are examined for the miniemulsion polymerization of styrene. The use of PPEGMA27 (in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) results in a slow polymerization rate with a broad particle size. In the absence of SDS, the use of PPEGMA27‐b‐PS33 results in a broad particle size distribution due to its inability to form uniform initial droplets whereas the same amphiphilic block copolymer in the presence of SDS yields resulting products with a uniform particle size distribution. The latter exhibits a fashion of controlled polymerization with a high consumption of monomer (98% in 100 min) and a narrow molecular weight distribution throughout the polymerization. This is attributed to the formation of uniform droplets facilitated by SDS in a miniemulsion. The amphiphilic macro‐RAFT agent is able to anchor efficiently on the monomer droplet or particle/water interface and form stabilized particles of well‐defined PPEGMA27‐b‐PS block copolymer, confirmed using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron micrographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wave parameters and long-term statistics of wave height are important parameters required for coastal/offshore engineering design and analysis. The 20-year wave simulation has been carried out using MIKE-21 spectral wave model developed by the Danish Hydraulic Institute. The model was forced with the wind data from ECMWF operational archive wind data from 1998 to 2017. The MIKE C-MAP bathymetry data for less than 250 m depth in the North Indian Ocean and ETOPO1 for above 250 m depth were utilized for model bathymetry. The wave measurements available at various depths in the North Indian Ocean were utilized to validate model result. Wave parameters extracted at 27 locations at an interval of 1 degree at 25 m water depth were used for showing monthly variability of significant wave height, average wave period and mean wave direction. The extreme value analysis of significant wave height was carried out using Weibull analysis for 2, 5, 20 and 50 years return period. The maximum wave height of 5.7 m near Odisha coast in 50 years return period was calculated from the extreme value analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilizes data for the period 2006–2015 to estimate the determinants of road fatality rates in the Indian states. We employ baseline regression, where the total traffic fatalities, total traffic injuries, rural road fatalities, and urban road fatalities are the functions of human errors in driving, weather conditions, and some control variables. This paper is exclusively focussed upon different sets of human‐driven factors in influencing the road fatality across the Indian states. Our empirical results show that reckless driving, defective motor conditions, bad weather, and reckless driving by bus, truck, and car drivers are found to cause road accidents. We further find that the increase in motorization rates and rash driving are the primary causes behind the road fatalities, and bad weather play a major role in causing road fatalities and injuries in urban areas. However, road fatalities are increasing; still, cases of under reporting, lack of proper road safety regulation, improper investigation procedures, increasing vehicle usages, and higher urbanization have made the matters quite worse in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review article emphasizes the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated graphene oxide (GO)/functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) hybrid nanofillers reinforced polyaniline (PANI) ternary nanocomposites due to their extraordinary properties and multifunctional applications as compare to the individual components. Conducting polymer nanocomposites are used in various applications due to the synergic effect that enhances various properties of the individual components. Owing to the elevated thermal, optical, sensing, and dielectric properties of the nanocomposites that revealed as an effective material, which can be employed for the application in energy storage devices like solar cells, batteries, supercapacitors, sensing of heavy metal ions, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We synthesized poly(poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate)- b -poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (p(PEGMA- b -DMAEMA)) by sequential addition of monomers and its quaternized products (p(PEGMA- b -(DMAEMA- co -QDMAEMA)) from the reaction with benzyl chloride for dispersion of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). The structure of block copolymers was characterized by 1 H NMR and GPC analysis. The block copolymers were investigated for their dispersion performance of CuPc in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate. The dispersion states of CuPc by dispersants were studied using dynamic light scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work mainly focused on the determination of the bromelain effect on glucose uptake through the everted gut sac technique. Everted gut sacs are majorly used in evaluating the uptake mechanisms and absorption potential. Bromelain is a natural phytochemical obtained from pineapple. It can alter various body mechanisms. Everted gut sacs were prepared from chick ileum. After thorough cleaning, the gut sacs were filled with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (KHB). Glucose at varying concentrations was added into mucosal compartment fluid. Bromelain was also added to the mucosal compartment with simulated gastric fluid. At time intervals of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min, 0.5ml of samples were collected from the mucosal fluid for glucose level estimation. A kinetic study was also conducted to understand the transport/inhibition of glucose across the intestinal membrane. Incubation of the chick-everted gut sacs with Bromelain at concentrations of 10 and 20µg/mL increased the transport of glucose. The glucose transport was significant at various concentrations i.e., 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5 mM/L in the incubation medium. The pattern of glucose uptake ex-vivo was analyzed using Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk Plots. When compared to control, Km has decreased, but Vmax remained unchanged in the presence of Bromelain at a dose of 10µg/ml. Whereas in the case of Bromelain given at a dose of 20µg/mL, the Vmax has increased and Km remained constant when compared with control. Thus, the current research indicated that Bromelain at various doses increased glucose uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perturbed metabolism of ammonia, an endogenous cytotoxin, causes mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced NAD+/NADH (redox) ratio, and postmitotic senescence. Sirtuins are NAD+‐dependent deacetylases that delay senescence. In multiomics analyses, NAD metabolism and sirtuin pathways are enriched during hyperammonemia. Consistently, NAD+‐dependent Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) expression and deacetylase activity were decreased, and protein acetylation was increased in human and murine skeletal muscle/myotubes. Global acetylomics and subcellular fractions from myotubes showed hyperammonemia‐induced hyperacetylation of cellular signaling and mitochondrial proteins. We dissected the mechanisms and consequences of hyperammonemia‐induced NAD metabolism by complementary genetic and chemical approaches. Hyperammonemia inhibited electron transport chain components, specifically complex I that oxidizes NADH to NAD+, that resulted in lower redox ratio. Ammonia also caused mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction, lower mitochondrial NAD+‐sensor Sirt3, protein hyperacetylation, and postmitotic senescence. Mitochondrial‐targeted Lactobacillus brevis NADH oxidase (MitoLbNOX), but not NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside, reversed ammonia‐induced oxidative dysfunction, electron transport chain supercomplex disassembly, lower ATP and NAD+ content, protein hyperacetylation, Sirt3 dysfunction and postmitotic senescence in myotubes. Even though Sirt3 overexpression reversed ammonia‐induced hyperacetylation, lower redox status or mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction were not reversed. These data show that acetylation is a consequence of, but is not the mechanism of, lower redox status or oxidative dysfunction during hyperammonemia. Targeting NADH oxidation is a potential approach to reverse and potentially prevent ammonia‐induced postmitotic senescence in skeletal muscle. Since dysregulated ammonia metabolism occurs with aging, and NAD+ biosynthesis is reduced in sarcopenia, our studies provide a biochemical basis for cellular senescence and have relevance in multiple tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymers containing cyclic derivatives are a new class of macromolecular topologies with unique properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of a triblock copolymer containing a spirocyclic mid-block. To achieve this, a spirocyclic polystyrene (cPS) mid-block was first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a tetra-functional initiator, followed by end-group azidation and a copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The resulting functional cPS was purified using liquid chromatography techniques. Following the esterification of cPS, a macro-ATRP initiator was obtained and used to synthesize a poly (methyl methacrylate)-block-cPS-block-poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-cPS-b-PMMA) triblock copolymer. This work provides a synthetic strategy for the preparation of a spirocyclic macroinitiator for the ATRP technique and as well as liquid chromatographic techniques for the purification of (spiro) cyclic polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Correction Notice in the Journal of Fluorescence addresses errors in the original article titled "A Formyl Chromone Based Schiff Base Derivative: An Efficient Colorimetric and Fluorescence Chemosensor for the Selective Detection of Hg^2+ Ions." The mistakes in the author lineup, specifically the surnames of the Corresponding Authors, have been rectified. The corrected version of the article is now available online. Springer Nature maintains neutrality regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]