Search

In this modern world, healthcare monitoring is essential to save human lives. The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in the monitoring of healthcare and also in improving healthcare diagnostics. The IoT is utilized to manage patients' information as well as to detect diseases early. Thus, we proposed Levy Chaotic Optimization-based Enhanced Graph Convolutional (LCO–ECG) Network for health monitoring in sports athletic. The Hyperparameter of enhanced graphical convolutional neural network is optimized using Levy Chaotic gravitational search algorithm (LCGSA). Also, using LCGSA, the weights are tuned to enhance the efficiency of the resulting ensemble model. The ECG model is applied to get more significant feature information. An action detection system's accuracy will increase as a result. Here, to validate the proposed method we utilized two datasets including Kinematic gait data using a Microsoft Kinect v2 sensor during gait sequences over a treadmill and Comprehensive Kinetic and EMG datasets. Also, accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC are the performance metrics utilized to evaluate classification performance more effectively. The proposed method attained the measures of 95.32%, 94.25%, 95.41%, and 95.97%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of sunflower and corn stems in producing briquettes, combined with varying proportions of cassava starch as a binding agent, was investigated for its viability as an agricultural solid fuel. This study employed the briquetting technique to enhance the density of the briquettes, aiming for cost-effective applications. A range of agricultural materials including soda weed, rice husks, banana leaves, sawdust, groundnut shells, mango leaves, sugarcane leaves, maize straw and sugarcane bagasse were used as benchmarks to assess the physical characteristics. Comparative analysis was conducted between the proximate properties of sunflower and corn stem briquettes and those of established materials, such as fleshing, palm shells, water hyacinth, rice husks, mango leaves, bagasse, wheat straw, corn cob briquettes, coal and others. This comprehensive evaluation is aimed to gauge the efficiency and quality of briquettes, derived from sunflower and corn stems in relation to other biomass sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is a potentially lethal illness. Cancer detection continues to be a challenge for medical professionals. The true cause of cancer and its complete treatment have still not been discovered. Cancer that is caught early enough can be treated. Image processing methods such as noise reduction, feature extraction, identification of damaged regions, and maybe a comparison with data on the medical history of lung cancer are used to locate portions of the lung that have been impacted by cancer. This research shows an accurate classification and prediction of lung cancer using technology that is enabled by machine learning and image processing. To begin, photos need to be gathered. In the experimental investigation, 83 CT scans from 70 distinct patients were utilized as the dataset. The geometric mean filter is used during picture preprocessing. As a consequence, image quality is enhanced. The K -means technique is then used to segment the images. The part of the image may be found using this segmentation. Then, classification methods using machine learning are used. For the classification, ANN, KNN, and RF are some of the machine learning techniques that were used. It is found that the ANN model is producing more accurate results for predicting lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let g be a Kac–Moody Lie algebra with the associated graph G. In (Venkatesh and Sankaran Viswanath J Algebraic Comb 41(4):1133–1142, 2015), an expression for the chromatic polynomial of G in terms of root multiplicities of g is proved. In this paper, using heaps of pieces, we prove an analogous result for the case of free partially commutative Lie algebra L (G) . In addition, we will extend this result to the case of generalised k -chromatic polynomials. This will give us a new interpretation for the chromatic polynomials in terms of multilinear heaps and Lyndon length. The classical results of Stanley and Greene and Zaslavsky regarding the acyclic orientations of G are obtained as corollaries. Following Lalonde, a heap with a unique minimal piece is said to be a pyramid and our main theorem is proved using the properties of pyramids. For this reason, we prove two important properties of pyramids, namely the pyramid proportionality lemma, and the pyramid and Lyndon heap lemma. In the last section, we will introduce the (m , λ) -labelling on acyclic orientations which is similar to Stanley's λ -compatible pairs. As an application of our main theorem, using this (m , λ) -labelled acyclic orientations, we will prove the reciprocity theorem for the derivatives of the chromatic polynomials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a finite group. A number of graphs with the vertex set G have been studied, including the power graph, enhanced power graph, and commuting graph. These graphs form a hierarchy under the inclusion of edge sets, and it is useful to study them together. In addition, several authors have considered modifying the definition of these graphs by choosing a natural equivalence relation on the group such as equality, conjugacy, or equal orders, and joining two elements if there are elements in their equivalence class that are adjacent in the original graph. In this way, we enlarge the hierarchy into a second dimension. Using the three graph types and three equivalence relations mentioned gives nine graphs, of which in general only two coincide; we find conditions on the group for some other pairs to be equal. These often define interesting classes of groups, such as EPPO groups, 2-Engel groups, and Dedekind groups. We study some properties of graphs in this new hierarchy. In particular, we characterize the groups for which the graphs are complete, and in most cases, we characterize the dominant vertices (those joined to all others). Also, we give some results about universality, perfectness, and clique number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary suspension system has a helical compression spring for axial and lateral deformation. The spring absorbs the shock at track curvature. The traditional system uses Chrome Vanadium spring materials that need to be replaced after 70-90 days. The static performance of the spring under different compressive loads is evaluated using finite element analysis. The maximum shear stress is the lowest for the 60Si2MnA material. Since the spring doesn't fail in static conditions, dynamic analysis is carried out by using finite element analysis. The results given by the FFT analyser excitation frequency and natural frequency are close to each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topology optimization design invariably shall be used in various applications such as four bar mechanisms, robotics designs, aircraft engineering designs, and many other mechanical innovative systems for improving the efficiency in the system. This research paper emphasizes more on general topology optimization design for a rectangular domain in which numerically analyzed with defined boundary conditions. Furthermore, the same setting geometry has been taken for sensitivity analysis to find the objective stress and nonstress zones. Then, the geometry is topology optimized to analyze stress, safety factor, output deflection, and mass reduction. Also this research work focuses more on topology optimization, design synthesis, and objective function comparison in different materials. Hence, the results are suitable volume and mass reduction in various robotic devices. Validation and comparison of compliance base materials will further support the paper to extend the work for experimental analysis. This final topology optimized and validated device can be manufactured and forced to experimental fatigue endurance test cycle test condition in static and dynamic state. The results outshoot the final destination of this optimization design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consider a Borcherds-Kac-Moody Lie superalgebra, denoted as g , associated with the graph G. This Lie superalgebra is constructed from a free Lie superalgebra by introducing three sets of relations on its generators: (1) Chevalley relations, (2) Serre relations, and (3) The commutation relations derived from the graph G. The Chevalley relations lead to a triangular decomposition of g as g = n + ⊕ h ⊕ n − , where each root space g α is contained in either n + or n −. Importantly, each g α is determined solely by relations (2) and (3). This paper focuses on the root spaces of g that are unaffected by the Serre relations. We refer to these root spaces as "free roots" of g (these root spaces are free from the Serre relations and can be associated with certain grade spaces of freely partially commutative Lie superalgebras, as detailed in Lemma 3.10. Consequently, we refer to them as "free roots," and the corresponding root spaces in g as "free root spaces" [cf. Definition 2.6]). Since these root spaces only involve commutation relations derived from the graph G , we can examine them purely from a combinatorial perspective. We employ heaps of pieces to analyze these root spaces and establish various combinatorial properties. We develop two distinct bases for these root spaces of g : We extend Lalonde's Lyndon heap basis, originally designed for free partially commutative Lie algebras, to accommodate free partially commutative Lie superalgebras. We expand upon the basis introduced in the reference [1] , designed for the free root spaces of Borcherds algebras, to encompass BKM superalgebras. This extension is achieved by investigating the combinatorial properties of super Lyndon heaps. Additionally, we also explore several other combinatorial properties related to free roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposed research explores Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube's (MWCNT's) effect on the mechanical buckling behavior of glass fiber-enhanced thermosetting composites using UTM and the load vs displacement curve is plotted. Using the inflection point method, the critical buckling load is obtained from the load vs displacement curve for beams with three different volume fractions of MWCNT. The nonlinear finite element method is used to numerically obtain the load vs deflection curve and the numerical results are compared with the experimental results, and a close match is found with the experimental results. It is observed that the nonlinearity associated with the structure can significantly reduce the critical buckling load. The critical buckling load is found to increase and reported a 27.4% increase in buckling load with 0.3 wt.% of MWCNT which could be accounted for the increase in flexural modulus of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to design, analyse and carry out a topology optimization of a connecting rod for single cylinder four stroke petrol engines. In order to obtain a 3D CAD model from existing physical connecting rod is developed through reverse engineering. A three dimensional CAD model of a connecting rod has been created using SOLIDWORKS and it is imported to ANSYS for the coupled steady-state thermal structural analysis, to verify the design of a connecting rod before and after weight reduction. For material optimization, three different aluminium alloy materials such as ADC12, LM6 and Al 6061-T6 alloy were used. From the results obtained from coupled steady-state thermal structural analysis and topology optimization, the optimized design of a connecting rod of Al 6061-T6 alloy shows the von-mises stress of 33.17 MPa, factor of safety 8.32 and total deformation 45.023 mm as compared to other two materials. Based on the topology optimization methodology, it is noted that Al 6061- T6 connecting rod material reduced the weight up to 7.98% as compared with ADC12 without compromising the strength to weight ratio and ductility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zero-divisor graph of a finite commutative ring with unity is the graph whose vertex set is the set of zero-divisors in the ring, with a and b adjacent if a b = 0. We show that the class of zero-divisor graphs is universal, in the sense that every finite graph is isomorphic to an induced subgraph of a zero-divisor graph. This remains true for various restricted classes of rings, including boolean rings, products of fields, and local rings. But in more restricted classes, the zero-divisor graphs do not form a universal family. For example, the zero-divisor graph of a local ring whose maximal ideal is principal is a threshold graph; and every threshold graph is embeddable in the zero-divisor graph of such a ring. More generally, we give necessary and sufficient conditions on a non-local ring for which its zero-divisor graph to be a threshold graph. In addition, we show that there is a countable local ring whose zero-divisor graph embeds the Rado graph , and hence every finite or countable graph, as induced subgraph. Finally, we consider embeddings in related graphs such as the 2-dimensional dot product graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We establish a connection between root multiplicities for Borcherds–Kac–Moody algebras and graph coloring. We show that the generalized chromatic polynomial of the graph associated to a given Borcherds algebra can be used to give a closed formula for certain root multiplicities. Using this connection we give a second interpretation, namely that the root multiplicity of a given root coincides with the number of acyclic orientations with a unique sink of a certain graph (depending on the root). Finally, using the combinatorics of Lyndon words we construct a basis for the root spaces corresponding to these roots and determine the Hilbert series in the case when all simple roots are imaginary. As an application we give a Lie theoretic proof of Stanley's reciprocity theorem of chromatic polynomials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Somatic mutations of the PIK3 CA, CASP8, and NOTCH1 have been frequently detected in various human cancers. Our study aimed to analyze the mutational status of these genes in South Indian oral cancers. Subjects and methods We performed mutational analysis of the PIK3 CA (exons 9 and 20), CASP8 (exon 9), and NOTCH1 (exons 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) genes in 96, 48, and 44 oral cancer samples, respectively. All the specified exons were PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-amplified and directly sequenced by Sanger sequencing. Results PIK3 CA gene mutations were not found; however, a synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP) [rs17849079] was observed frequently [35/96 (36.4%)] in oral cancer samples. Further, no mutations were detected in the CASP8 gene, but observed a frequent [32/48 (66.6%)] SNP [rs1045487] in the oral cancer samples. We did not detect any mutation in the NOTCH1 gene (exons 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) in all the [0/44] analyzed oral cancer samples. Conclusions This is the first study that reports the status of the PIK3 CA, CASP8, and NOTCH1 mutations in South Indian oral cancer samples. Our study suggests that either mutations in these genes are uncommon in South Indian oral cancer samples or likely other genes in this pathway might be mutated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious viral disease and mainly affects infants and young children. The main manifestations are fever, vesicular rashes on hand, feet and buttocks and ulcers in the oral mucosa. Usually, HFMD is self-limiting, but a small proportion of children may experience severe complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis and neurorespiratory syndrome. Historically, outbreaks of HFMD were mainly caused by two enteroviruses: the coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and the enterovirus 71 (EV-A71). In the recent years, coxsackievirus A6 and coxsackievirus A10 have been widely associated with both sporadic cases and outbreaks of HFMD worldwide, particularly in India, South East Asia and Europe with an increased frequency of neurological complications as well as mortality. Currently, there is no pharmacological intervention or vaccine available for HFMD. A formalin-inactivated EV-A71 vaccine has completed clinical trial in several Asian countries. However, this vaccine cannot protect against other major emerging etiologies of HFMD such as CV-A16, CV-A6 and CV-A10. Therefore, the development of a globally representative multivalent HFMD vaccine could be the best strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continual changes in requirements impact the expectation about the quality of the product as well as the process, namely software project. In this paper, the various limitations that still exist in the software development process are presented. It is aimed to develop a new quality improvement model to enhance software quality without increasing effort, cost, and time. To achieve a software project of expected quality, a new quality improvement model, namely Kano Lean Six Sigma model (KLSS), is proposed. The KLSS model is used to identify the exact requirements for the software project from the customer's perspective. KLSS helps to categorize the requirements based on the nature of the defect, to eliminate the requirements of non-value processes and to implement the main functionality to meet the expectations of the customer. As regards our proposed software maintenance project, the method of development has been suitably tested in a leading IT company. The model has shown greater improvement in quality, cost, and efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, modeling of a lead acid battery was done by electrical equivalent circuit approach. Model based equivalent circuit approach was used to find the state of charge, terminal voltage, cell temperature and life of the battery at various temperatures. Based on complexity and accuracy, Thevinin's third order equivalent battery model was simulated using MATLAB Simulink software. The simulation results were validated with the experimental state of charge and terminal voltage values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important challenges posed by herbal formulations is their evaluation and standardization. Evaluation is necessary to ensure the quality and purity of the herbalproduct. For evaluation of raw materials and poly herbal formulation various parameters are studied as per the World Health Organization's guidelines and the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. The present study deals with formulation the polyherbal formulation prepared from hydro-alcoholic (30:70) extracts of Andrographis paniculata(Stem and leaves), Asparagus racemosus(Root) , Ipomoea digitata (Rhizome), Tinospora cordifolia(Stem) and Withania somnifera(Root). To evaluate of raw materials include physicochemical studies like ash values, extractive values, phytochemical studies and safety profiles which include heavy metal analysis, pesticide residue analysis and microbial load analysis. The Preformulation parameters and parameters for finished product (hard gelatin capsule) include uniformity of weight, disintegration time, moisture content, pH, phytochemical estimation and microbial load assay. The HPTLC finger print profile of finished product was also carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic-based ceramic reinforcements are promising superior thermal behaviour and are lightweight and developed with aluminium alloy matrix for automobile applications. The AA6061 alloy nanocomposite containing 0 wt%, 4 wt%, 8 wt%, and 12 wt% of silicon nitride nanoparticles(50 nm) was synthesized by stir cast. The influences of thermal adsorption on silicon nitride (nano) additions, density, thermal response, hardness, and wear characteristics of AA6061 matrix nanocomposites are studied. Based on the rule of mixture, the density of nanocomposites is evaluated. The differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis techniques are used to find the thermal response nanocomposite. The differential scanning calorimeter is used to find the heat flow between 400°C and 700°C. The micro Vickers hardness and wear characteristics of AA6061 nanocomposite were experimentally investigated by ASTM E384 and ASTM G99-05 standards. The adsorption of inorganic nanosilicon nitride particles (12 wt%) in AA6061 alloy showed a decreased mass loss with increased temperatures 0° to 700°C. The differential thermal analysis of nanocomposite reveals the transformation of solid-to-liquid phase under high temperature (528°C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Weyl denominator identity has interesting combinatorial properties for several classes of Lie algebras. Along these lines, we prove that given a finite graph G , the chromatic symmetric function X G can be recovered from the Weyl denominator identity of a Borcherds-Kac-Moody Lie algebra g whose associated graph is G. This gives a connection between (a) the coefficients appearing when the chromatic symmetric function X G is expressed in terms of the power sum symmetric functions, and (b) the root multiplicities of the Borcherds algebra g. From this result, we deduce a Lie theoretic proof of various alternate expressions of the chromatic symmetric function obtained by Stanley. Examples using small rank Lie algebras are provided to illustrate our results. The absolute value of the linear coefficient of the chromatic polynomial of G is known as the chromatic discriminant of G. As an application of our main theorem, we identify a coefficient appearing in X G , which equals the chromatic discriminant. We also find a connection between the Weyl denominator and the G -elementary symmetric functions. Using this connection, we give a Lie theoretic proof of the non-negativity of coefficients of G -power sum symmetric functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be an arbitrary finite commutative ring with unity. The zero-divisor graph of R , denoted by Γ (R) , is a graph with vertex set non-zero zero-divisors of R and two of them are connected by an edge if their product is zero. In this paper, we derive a formula for the Wiener index of the graph Γ (R). In the literature, the Wiener index of the graph Γ (R) is known only for R = Z n , the ring of integers modulo n. As applications of our formula, the Wiener index of Γ (R) is explicitly calculated when (i) R is a reduced ring, (ii) R is the ring of integers modulo n , and (iii) more generally R is the product of ring of integers modulo n. The Wiener index of the zero-divisor graph of the ring of Gaussian integers over Z n is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a study on "hepatomyoencephalopathy in Malkangiri district of Odisha, India." It mentions toxin responsible for hepatomyoencephalopathy was identified and characterized as anthraquinones. It also mentions need of public education to stop children form eating fresh raw beans of the Cassia occidentalis plant.

A new generalization of Fiedler's lemma is obtained by introducing the concept of the main function of a matrix. As applications, the universal spectra of the H -join of any graphs (possibly non-regular) and the adjacency spectra of the H -generalized join constrained by (arbitrary) vertex subsets are obtained. The adjacency spectra of the generalized corona of graphs is deduced from the spectra of the H -join of graphs. Also, the construction of infinitely many pairs of non-regular universal cospectral graphs is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various statistics indicate that many of the parts of India, especially rural and island areas have either partial or no access to electricity. The main reason for this scenario is the immense expanse of which the power producing stations and the distribution hubs are located from these rural and distant areas. This emphasizes the significance of subsidiarity of power generation by means of renewable energy resources. Although in current energy production scenario electricity supply is principally by AC current, a large variety of the everyday utility devices like cell phone chargers, computers, laptop chargers etc. all work internally with DC power. The count of intermediate energy transfer steps are significantly abridged by providing DC power to mentioned devices. The paper also states other works that prove the increase in overall system efficiency and thereby cost reduction. With an abundance of solar power at disposal and major modification in the area of power electronic conversion devices, this article suggests a DC grid that can be used for a household in a distant or rural area to power the aforementioned, utilizing Solar PV. A system was designed for a household which is not connected to the main grid and was successfully simulated for several loads totaling to 250 W with the help of an isolated flyback converter at the front end and suitable power electronic conversion devices at each load points. Maximum abstraction of operational energy from renewable sources at a residential and commercial level is intended with the suggested direct current systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work presented in the article proposes a new rule-based energy management algorithm to improve the autonomy of hybrid (AC/DC) microgrids consisting of higher quantum of heating loads and renewable energy sources. The objective of the algorithm is to make the microgrids more autonomous by reducing the power import from the utility grid, during generation deficits. The heating or lighting loads in this work are considered as non-critical loads, and all other voltage sensitive loads are classified as critical loads. The presented strategy makes the AC and DC non-critical loads operate in power saving modes during generation insufficiency by controlling the electric springs based on the voltage produced by the renewables. Usage of electric springs in the microgrids consisting of AC and DC loads and a couple of renewable sources to improve the autonomous operation of microgrids is probably the first attempt. The advantage of using the suggested methodology is that it operates the voltage insensitive loads, based on the prevailing power generation condition without completely curtailing them. Further, the effectiveness of the algorithm is tested by developing suitable simulation models in MATLAB and also a scaled down laboratory setup is developed using dSPACE 1104 real-time operating system. The simulation and experimental results prove that the algorithm is effective enough in reducing the power import from the main grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main sources of dangerous chemicals that are dumped untreated into land and water bodies and have a negative influence on the ecosystem are industrial effluents. Seaweeds are currently used for treating industrial effluent effectively. The technology is at a maturing stage. This paper reviews the characterization and cultivation of seaweeds for wastewater treatment. In this present study, different extracts of four seaweeds such as Gracilaria edulis, Sargassum wightii, Turbinaria ornata, and Kappaphycus alvarezii, from the Mandapam coastal regions were analyzed. The seaweeds are used to treat the leather industry effluents collected from EKM leather processing company, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. Among all, extracts of Gracilaria edulis survived at different concentrations of TDS: 15,000, 25000, and 35000 mg/l. Out of these different ranges, TDS of about 25000 mg/l seaweed named Gracilaria edulis reduced more amounts of chemicals present in the effluent like TDS (93.90%), phosphates (72.71%), nitrate (75.08%), nitrite (76.92%), and turbidity (99.01%) content. Additionally, we produce the quality and strength of agar gel from the cultivation of Gracilaria edulis by the Nikansui method. Finally, we got the extraction procedure to obtain a higher yield of about 10.26% and a maximum gel strength of 92.06 g·cm−2 while maintaining the melting point at 78°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A cDNA library enriched with differentially expressed transcripts was constructed from Pratylenchus coffeae challenged resistant banana cultivar (Karthobiumtham-ABB) through suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique to elucidate the nematode resistance mechanisms. A total of 256 unique genes of this SSH library were sorted into eight functional categories. Of these, 26.8% were unigenes involved in defense and/or signal transduction including resistant gene homologues, disease resistance response proteins and transcripts associated with disease related proteins and protein kinase signaling. These findings imply that invasion of nematode triggers multiple signaling pathways both through tissue damage caused by nematode invasion and recognition of nematode elicitors by R genes. Confirmation of defense specific representative genes through semi quantitative RT-PCR revealed their increased expression levels in resistant than in susceptible cultivar and the resistant cultivar triggered response much earlier than the susceptible cultivar. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We prepared an octa maleimido functionalized POSS, namely octa(maleimido phenyl) silsesquioxane (OMPS)-reinforced polybenzoxazine hybrid nanocomposites, by using four different types of benzoxazines (BZ-Cy-DDM, BZ-Cy-DDE, BZ-Cy-DDS, and BZ-Cy-Ani). They were synthesized from 1,1-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, paraformaldehyde, and aromatic amines (4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulphone, and aniline) by the Mannich reaction. We used 10 wt.% OMPS in all four polybenzoxazine matrices in order to compare the effect of OMPS on various benzoxazines. They were polymerized through thermal ring-opening polymerization at identical conditions. The thermal properties of the resulting OMPS-reinforced polybenzoxazine hybrid nanocomposites were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dispersion of OMPS in the polybenzoxazine and nanostructure of the composites were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A 45-year-old man, on carbamazepine for the past 3 months, was referred as a case of atypical measles. On examination, he had high-grade fever, generalized itchy rash, cough, vomiting and jaundice. A provisional diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity syndrome to carbamazepine was made with a differential diagnosis of viral exanthema with systemic complications. Laboratory investigations revealed leukocytosis with eosnophilia and elevated liver enzymes. Real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on throat swab and blood was suggestive of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6). Measles was ruled out by PCR and serology. The diagnosis of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) was confirmed, which could explain all the features manifested by the patient. HHV-6 infects almost all humans by age 2 years. It infects and replicates in CD4 T lymphocytes and establishes latency in human peripheral blood monocytes or macrophages and early bone marrow progenitors. In DIHS, allergic reaction to the causative drug stimulates T cells, which leads to reactivation of the herpesvirus genome. DIHS is treated by withdrawal of the culprit drug and administration of systemic steroids. Our patient responded well to steroids and HHV-6 was negative on repeat real-time multiplex PCR at the end of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 45-year-old man, on carbamazepine for the past 3 months, was referred as a case of atypical measles. On examination, he had high-grade fever, generalized itchy rash, cough, vomiting and jaundice. A provisional diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity syndrome to carbamazepine was made with a differential diagnosis of viral exanthema with systemic complications. Laboratory investigations revealed leukocytosis with eosnophilia and elevated liver enzymes. Real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on throat swab and blood was suggestive of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6). Measles was ruled out by PCR and serology. The diagnosis of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) was confirmed, which could explain all the features manifested by the patient. HHV-6 infects almost all humans by age 2 years. It infects and replicates in CD4 T lymphocytes and establishes latency in human peripheral blood monocytes or macrophages and early bone marrow progenitors. In DIHS, allergic reaction to the causative drug stimulates T cells, which leads to reactivation of the herpesvirus genome. DIHS is treated by withdrawal of the culprit drug and administration of systemic steroids. Our patient responded well to steroids and HHV-6 was negative on repeat real-time multiplex PCR at the end of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Rule based energy management for hybrid micro grids. • Control strategy for the effective operation of virtual storage units. • Operation of DC non-critical loads as per the voltage produced by the renewable sources. • An attempt to make the hybrid micro grids more autonomous by controlling only the DC non-critical loads. The work presented in this article proposes a new energy management algorithm for hybrid micro grids consisting of higher penetration of DC non-critical (NC) loads and renewable energy sources. The methodology suggested in this work is a rule based approach and tries to make the micro grids more autonomous. During generation deficits in the micro grids, the suggested control strategy proposes to make the hybrid micro grids self-dependent to a possible extent, without the incorporation of actual storage devices. Instead of using actual storage elements like the batteries or super capacitors, the projected approach uses virtual storage devices, like the DC electric springs for its functionality. The electric springs used in this work operate the DC NC loads in accordance with the voltage produced by the renewable sources, which in turn reduces the power import from the main grid during generation deficits in the micro grid. Further, the work presented in the due course only studies about the efficiency of the proposed algorithm by operating the DC NC loads as per the requirement, without intervening with the AC and DC critical loads operation. In order to test the robustness of the proposed methodology a scaled down hybrid micro grid is developed in the laboratory using dSPACE 1104 real time interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Wireless power transformer exhibits a non-linear relation between the coils. • A precise linear functioning region is identified in the wireless power transformer. • No additional sensors required for the transformer realization in a linear region. • Modeled a wireless power transmission system to design the closed-loop controller. • Implemented a linear wireless charger with an efficiency of 93% at 200 mm separation. The transportation field is witnessing a plethora of changes in vehicle electrification sector. One of the revolutionary technologies emerging in this filed is wireless power transmission. Despite various advantages like universal nature, non-physical contact and ease of access, wireless power transmission faces some limitations like flux leakage, non-linear transmitter-receiver relation, etc. This non-linear behavior of wireless power transformer causes a dynamic input-output relation throughout the operation. This leads to the use of multiple sensors which would increase the closed-loop response time. These additional sensing elements and gain determining process will reduce the power transfer efficiency in light power electric vehicles like electric bicycles. To mitigate these non-linear effects of wireless power transmission, a customized linear region is identified and implemented in this work. In this identified region of the transformer, the input-output relation will be linear, which will prevent the use of additional sensing elements. A 250 W electric bicycle is used for this study of linear control of the wireless charger. The overall efficiency of 93% is achieved for a coupling separation of 200 mm even when the primary and secondary coils have much higher misalignments. The linear closed-loop region is designed and represented with analytical equations, and the transformer efficiency obtained through these equations have been validated with the hardware outputs as well as with commercial simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influenza viruses are known to cause acute respiratory illness, sometimes leading to high mortality rates. Though there are approved influenza antivirals available, their efficacy has reduced over time, due to the drug resistance crisis. There is a perpetual need for newer and better drugs. Drug screening based on the interaction dynamics with different viral target proteins has been a preferred approach in the antiviral drug discovery process. In this study, the FDA approved drug database was virtually screened with the help of Schrödinger software, to select small molecules exhibiting best interactions with the influenza A virus endonuclease protein. A detailed cytotoxicity profiling was carried out for the two selected compounds, cefepime and dolutegravir, followed by in vitro anti-influenza screening using plaque reduction assay. Cefepime showed no cytotoxicity up to 200 μM, while dolutegravir was non-toxic up to 100 μM in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells. The compounds did not show any reduction in viral plaque numbers indicating no anti-influenza activity. An inefficiency in the translation of the molecular interactions into antiviral activity does not necessarily mean that the molecules were inactive. Nevertheless, testing the molecules for endonuclease inhibition per se can be considered a worthwhile approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• DPM model used to analyze injection point effect on hydrogen flow field at four locations. • Dense discrete Eulerian Lagrangian simulation used to study MWCNT nanoparticle impact on hydrogen flow field. • Injection point location affects DPM concentrations highest at 0.2 m and lowest at 0.6 m without disturb on dynamic pressure. • MWCNT nanoparticles enhance hydrogen flow velocity through downstream effects, vortices, and nano-enhancement effect. Discrete phase model used in the aerospace industry to stimulate the behavior of particles inside the aircraft engines. The application of the discrete phase modeling (DPM) is extensive in solving the real-time engineering problems in optimization of numerous systems. In the current study, the DPM model has been simulated to examine the effect of injection point on the hydrogen flow field. A domain has been proposed and the injection point has been positioned in the four different places at the regular intervals. The location of the injection points was 0.2 m, 0.3 m, 0.4 m and 0.6 m. Dense discrete Eulerian lagrangian numerical simulation has been employed to analyze the effect of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) nanoparticles. The hydrogen has been supplied at the injection velocity of 2 m/s. ANSYS implicit simulation setup has been tested across various injection points. The research found that the location of injection points plays a significant role in DPM concentration, with the highest concentration at 0.2 m and the lowest at 0.6 m, but has no significant impact on dynamic pressure. MWCNT nanoparticles had a negligible effect on skin friction coefficient, but shifting the injection point could reduce skin friction rates. The inclusion of MWCNT nanoparticles increased hydrogen flow velocity through downstream effects, vortices, and the nano-enhancement effect. The study suggests that MWCNT can significantly enhance hydrogen flow velocity in various applications, and DPM concentration data can provide valuable insights for optimizing injection locations to prevent unwanted nanoparticle effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To design and implement a locally relevant competency- based MPH programme. The demand for trained public health professionals in South Asia is enormous and growing, which created a unique opportunity for a Fogarty International Center-funded University of Alabama at Birmingham-South Asia [Aga Khan University, Pakistan; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India; and University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka] international research training in environmental and occupational health (ITREOH) programme. In 2009, a Master of Public Health (MPH) degree programme was designed using a combination of competencies developed by the Association of School of Public Health, the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A competency- based curriculum was developed with two specialty tracks in applied epidemiology and environmental and occupational health, emphasising applied practice and research. This is the most comprehensive skill-based MPH programme in the region, which positions each institution as a regional leader in public health training. The success of the programme has been amply demonstrated by placements of graduated MPH students in leadership roles in public, private and academic sectors within their countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: Influenza virological surveillance is an essential tool for the early detection of novel genetic variants of epidemiologic and clinical significance. This study was aimed to genetically characterize A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulating in 2017 and to compare it with the global data. Methods: The regional/State Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratories (VRDLs) provided influenza diagnosis for referred clinical samples and shared influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 positives with the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV), Pune, India, for hemagglutinin (HA) gene phylogenetic analysis. Sites at Manipal, Jaipur and Dibrugarh performed the sequencing and shared the sequence data for analysis. The antiviral susceptibility of influenza viruses was assessed for known molecular marker H275Y at the ICMR-NIV, Pune. Results: All the eight VRDLs had well-established influenza diagnostic facilities and showed increased activity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during 2017. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the viruses from the different regions of the country were similar to A/Michigan/45/2015 strain which was the 2017-2018 recommended vaccine strain and were clustered with the globally circulating clade 6B.1 with signature mutations S84N, S162N and I216T. The clade 6B.1 showed further subgrouping with additional mutations S74R, S164T and I295V; however, there was no significant association between the presence of these mutations and severity of disease due to influenza. All the study viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir. Interpretation & conclusions: During the study period, all the study sites reported globally circulating A/Michigan/45/2015 vaccine strain of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses and remained sensitive to oseltamivir. Further genetic and antigenic characterization of influenza viruses is recommended to address public health concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A PCR-RFLP method was used to identify five species of raw and processed groupers belonging to the genus, Epinephelus viz. E . areolatus , E . bleekeri , E . faveatus , E . longispinis and E . undulosus . DNA extracted from all the species using phenol-chloroform method amplified the mt 16S rRNA gene, unique for the genus, Epinephelus , using GenF and EpiR primers at 300 bp. This fragment did not amplify the DNA of even closely related grouper genus, Cephalopholis , making the method more specific the grouper genus, Epinephelus . The specificity was further ascertained by performing the internal control that targeted 18S rRNA, which was eukaryotic specific. Digestion of PCR products with three selected restriction enzymes viz. SduI , BciVI , and Sau3AI followed by PAGE yielded species specific patterns that enabled identification of three grouper species viz. E . bleekeri , E . faveatus and E . longispinis , while the other two species viz. E . areolatus and E . undulosus gave similar pattern in the gel, although minor variations in the molecular sizes of digested products were noticed. Chilled, frozen and cooked groupers also gave similar PCR-RFLP pattern to that of raw groupers making this method suitable even for processed products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]