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Purpose: The paper aims to address the Post-Covid complications and challenges that the suffered patients develop and a perspective to manage this issue as recovered patients have to get used to this New-Normal. Materials and Methods: The prevalence of long covid symptoms was assessed among 480 respondents locally via a short questionnaire of 46 questions based on a Likert scale, prepared using Covid 19 Yorkshire Rehab Screen (C19-YRS), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Cooperative Group, and Post Covid-19 recovery clinic baseline questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of long covid symptoms was scored based on percentage prevalence among males and females. Post covid complexities were represented as percentage prevalence based on the Likert scale of the questionnaire. The majority of the covid recovered patients complain about one or the other post covid complications. The long covid symptoms prevailing among the respondents of our survey were of frequent fatigue and weakness (26.1%), headaches(19%), body aches(12%), Joint pain (10.7%) cough(7.1 %) dyspnea (3.6%), sore throat (10.7%), hair fall (8%),brain fogging and delirium(7.7%), neuralgia/neuropathy/needle pains in arms and legs/tingling post covid recovery(4%), skin rash (4%), sleep disorder(3.7%), mood swings(3.8%), dizziness(3.8%), tremors (3.8%), visual disturbances(3.7%) and memory loss(3. 7% ). Conclusion: The viral damage caused by covid-19 is not limited to the respiratory systems only but affects all the body systems by so-called circulating cytokine storm. But as there is no way out of it other than the recovered patients have to live with this new normal and try to regain their health by following a balanced diet plan enriched with antioxidants to boost the covid caused damage to all the body systems. In addition, recovered patients should take frequent breaks from their daily work to provide rest for their bodies to combat the viral damage for a better quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CCOVID-19 was first reported in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread throughout the world like a pandemic. The population all over the world used lots of medicinal plants for prevention purposes. India has been blessed with cultural wisdom. Social health practices across the country have been utilizing integrative treatments to fight against mild fever and cold flu-like infections. Herbal and Ayurveda medicines have shown their impact on treating such infections in the early stages. The impact of herbal medicines on Covid infection is quite evident and several drug tests and trials have proved its worth of it in treating mild to severe infections. The majority of these plants are used to treat respiratory diseases having the same signs and symptoms as coronavirus symptoms or other flu infections. Our body can fight infections only when immunity is strong and for that herbal drugs as immunomodulators work well. It has worked in boosting the immunity of the patients and normal people to fight against Corona. The paper analyzes such research studies on Covid-19 treatment by herbal medicines. It makes a point that herbal medicine-based treatments and social health practices will play a complementary role in managing Covid-19 and Post-Covid health emergencies. New-Normal social ethics will evolve through such an integrative social health culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 pandemic adversely affected social health. It has proven a virtue in disguise to develop innovative and integrative medical approaches to manage the pandemic. Nano medicines are used for the treatment ofCOVID-19 patients. Nanomaterials are used to manufacture masks like N95, sanitizers, air purifying filters and surface coating. It has proven its prominent role in diagnosing the disease. Nanotechnology-based bio sensors are used to test COVID-19. Technology offers innovative medicines, treatment and products for the Covid like health emergencies. The paper reviews recent research papers on Nanotechnology powered Covid-pandemic health management. However, it may have some health side effects which need to be taken care of in health care management. Nanotechnology and patients' interface in health care requires a medical ethics point of view to understand ethical issues in using this innovative medical mechanism. The paper makes the seminal contribution in bringing the ethical guideline for such a medical interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, has raised a serious situation across world human population and has become serious threat as contagious outbreak. This paper aims to overview the recently intelligent systems based on Artificial Intelligence using different medical imaging modalities like Computer Tomography (CT) and X-ray. This paper specifically discusses the machine learning techniques developed for COVID-19 diagnosis and provides insights on well-known data sets used to train these AI based networks. It also highlights the use of AI in COVID detection and classification at faster process where normal COVID testing takes couple of days to produce. Finally, we conclude by addressing the challenges associated with the use of Machine Leaming methods for COVID-19 detection and probable future trends in this research area. This paper is intended to provide experts (medical or otherwise) and technicians with new insights into the ways machine learning techniques are used and how they potentially further work in com batting the outbreak of CO VID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 a highly contagious disease, started from the china and rapidly spread all over the world. Number of cases are increasing at rapid pace and we have limited number of healthcare personnel and hospital beds. As it is highly contagious disease, our caregivers are also at risk. Purpose of this paper is to study the role of the image processing techniques used in different aspects of healthcare services. Image processing has wide area of application in healthcare services with the help of deep learning techniques and computer vision. It involves fewer human contacts which minimize the spreading risk of virus. Another purpose of this study is to analyze the bioethical issues in protecting the patient's data, privacy of that data and health impact of medical image processing techniques on human. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-pandemic has made a profound impact on cutting edge technologies. IoT based advance computational mechanisms have been used mainly for Covid-19 health management. AI, ML, and IoT powered Health Internet of Things (HloTs, hereafter) and Medical Internet of Things (Mio Ts, henceforth) have reduced the chances of human interaction and have cut down the severity and criticality of the community transfer of Covid-pandemic. It has provided the systems for testing, data collection, reporting and image processing in health management. HloTs and MloTs have drastically changed health management's mechanism to deploy the ICTs, lo Ts, and Robotics. However, there is a significant ethical concern for big data management. This review paper analyzes how IoT-based health management effectively mitigated the pandemic's adverse impact and generates a value of technology for society. It also reflects on 'Data-Ethics' and offers an ethical guideline to protect data privacy in Covid-19 health management [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies across the health care spectrum have evolved as the biggest instrument for managing catastrophically spread (COVID-19) pandemic. The outbreak of novel coronavirus has posed numerous arduous challenges such as well-being, Financial, ecological, social, and ethical challenges to the entire world populace and disrupted global economy. This paper aims to thoroughly explore and analyze the role of AI coupled with radiological imaging as one important tool for covid-19 screening, prediction, forecasting, and contact tracing using chest X-ray images and Computer Tomography scan over the conventional RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique, which is the conventional technique used in the prognosis of the novel corona. This paper further accentuates Al's role in the fight to curb this pandemic and suggestsan innovative solution for COVID-19 health management by minimizing human contact and protecting front-line healthcare personnel, administrative staff, and the public at large. A systematic approach for literature review is carried out on the reputed database. This research makes a seminal contribution by compiling the most upto-date state-of-the-art scientific approaches to the COVID-19 assessment., using real-world datasets and the ethical perspective of AI-powered solutions for COVID-19 health management. The findings are reviewed and concluded in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the detection of COVID-19 whole world is continuously facing dreadful effects physically, mentally, and economically. Although every patient was affected biggest setback was for cancer patients, who found double trouble as the situation was getting worsened with rising toll and the sudden lockdown. In starting phase of this pandemic, dealing with novel coronavirus with limited resources and lack of training was complicated for the health care staff. Management of patients with proper moral support, especially cancer patients who are already immune-compromised it was a difficult task for the oncologists and the entire team. In this pandemic duration management of radiotherapy patients not only affected the functionality of the entire radiotherapy department but somewhere created mental pressure on oncologists, medical physicists, technologists, and other staff regarding their safety also. Aim: Aim of this study to understand the ethical issues in the radiotherapy department observed during COVID-19 and the impact ofCOVID-19 on radiotherapy staff. Material and methods: This study is based on a rapid review of literature from various Scopus and SCI journals. In this time of crisis, not only patients undergoing treatment but also healthcare staff have been affected due to meager knowledge of fatal corona virus and lack of armamentarium. This pandemic time has created many professional difficulties and ethical issues like the selection of patients for the treatment, their safety, patient management. The situation was getting worsened with increasing toll but at right time lockdown was imposed. Guidelines were prescribed by the government from time to time. The government offered bit relief for the cancer patients by announcing no shutdown for OPD for the cancer patients in prescribed guidelines. However social distancing, N-95 mask, and PPE kit showed some ray of hope to revive back the system. Since radiotherapy is a daycare treatment process, in the daily fractionation procedure of radiation many problems were faced by the patients in lockdown. Also, in every domain of the radiotherapy department radiation oncologists, medical physicists, technologists, and other staff has faced a lot of problems. Conclusion: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged everyone. Global connectivity helped a lot in the development of strategies in dealing with this deadly COVID-19 in the healthcare sector. Good practice during COVID-19 by many radiotherapy departments is not only successfully able to reduce the infection spread among patients, medical staff without compromising the quality of treatment. There must be some guidelines or strategies on the departmental /institutional level which can be followed in such a crisis and can be beneficial for others also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is struggling with a serious pandemic of disease 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19), which was emerged from Wuhan in China, originated by the novel corona virus 2019 (SARS-Co V-2). The scientific signs of COVID-19 are very much like other respiratory viruses. The elderly and immune compromised persons were considered more vulnerable to severe infections of such respiratory tract diseases but the spread of this recent pandemic raises fear that immunodeficiency is not quite the main factor. With the vaccinations now occurring across the country, health officials are optimistic that the outbreak could be under control by the end of this year. But till date the pandemic is not in control. Across the globe, the virus is still circulating widely, even surging, in many countries. Vaccines and treatment options are currently being investigated but there is no definitive evidence that certain medications are effective with regard to preventing illness or transmission of the COVID-19.Various search engines like Scopus, Pubmed and WHO databases were accessed and literature on current advances about COVID-19 including structural features, replication, possible pathogenic, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, methods of prevention and possible therapeutic agents used for treatment of patients was reviewed. This review is intended to bring to the fore information that will clear speculations and make sense of confusing and often conflicting scientific data about the role of immune competence in the prevention, transmission of and recovery from covid-19 and other similar infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the first outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, there havebeen Millions of confirmed cases of pandemic COVID-19, including Millions of deaths, reported to WHO. In order to develop drugs and vaccines against the disease, researchers around the world have been in a sprint. SARS-CoV-2 encodes many structural proteins that are responsible for host penetration, attachment, recycling, and pathogenesis, such as spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid. The spike glycoprotein has gotten a lot of attention because of its interactions with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which makes it a good candidate for blocking of viral entry. Sequence information on the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and its ACE2 complexes can provide key inputs for the development of new therapeutic strategies and vaccines. The WHO has developed strategies to interrupt human-human communication, speed up testing, correctly transmit information to the public and mitigate the social and economic effect of this emerging battle against this deadly virus. SARS-Co V-2, is a member of β-corona viruses family. Symptoms of Covid-19 are milder than SARS and MERS, but it transmits faster than them. Besides, the mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 is lower (3.4%) than that of SARS-CoV (9.6%) and MERS (35%). The high transmissibility and pathogenicity are major challenges of SARS-CoV-2. The Newly emerged strains of SARS-Co V-2(B .1.1. 7,B .1.3 51 &B .1.617 .2 )are proving more lethal and highly pathogenic than the previously known variants. The current state of development of the human severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus vaccine is evaluated in this analysis, based on recently published results. Whilethere is much evidence that various vaccine strategies against SARS are safe and immunogenic, vaccinated animals still display significant disease upon challenge. Furthermore, we summarize future challenges and strategies may produce due to the emergence of new strains of SARS-Co V-2 (United Kingdom B.1.1. 7 and Republic of SouthAfricaB.1.351 )in the development of vaccines. In this review, we provide an overview of the experimental and clinical data obtained from recent SARSCo V-2 variants and vaccines development program, and highlight certain bioethical issues that require consideration when developing vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed surgical priorities in the India and worldwide. According to the surgical conditions of patient's priorities has been taken for time- sensitive or tumors patients, whereas patients with surgical conditions that require less urgent management such as asymptomatic hernias or obesity have been postponed indefinitely. Further triage will be required as greater demands on health systems in the spread ofCOVID-19 places. The Government of India and Indian Medical Council of India has provided guidance to aid in prioritizing cases, but challenges will remain both in this current crisis time and in upcoming several months after the peak of the pandemic conditions. Getting this in right path and situation will be a challenge, there are several considerations (COVID-19 Guidelines) that will need to be taken into account as systems develop long-term strategies for surgical prioritization. The Government of lndia and Indian Medical Council of lndia has provided the groundwork for developing a surgical triage strategy for the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The tremendous burden of surgical disease that will accumulate due to delayed and cancelled operations will demand new, system-wide strategies. As with the planning for the early stages of the pandemic, preparation for this phase of the pandemic is necessary. The relief that will be eagerly anticipated by surgical systems at the end of COVID-19 will not occur until sometime after the peak of the pandemic has passed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak has seriously impacted the healthcare sector. It has posed critical challenges to health care workers in general and community health workers in particular. The life saviours "the health workers" have been working in life-threatening situations while treating covid patients. This paper aims to evaluate the Human Resource policies developed and practised during Covid pandemic by the government and private organisations for the well-being of health care workers. Further, it critically analyses the health management issues which emerged and faced by the health care workers during the pandemic. The paper suggests some ethical strategies for the better management of Covid like health emergencies and to deal with post-pandemic situations effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has spread worldwide quickly. The total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases across the world has reached 89 million while the global death toll rose to 1.9 million. Though many companies are pushing hard to speed up the vaccine development progress but corporate giants seems far behind the frontrunners. In order to facilitate this, we leveraged information on vaccine candidates updated by WHO. We provided the overview of the global landscape ofCOVID-19 vaccine development activity along with currently tested COVID-19 vaccines that are under clinical and preclinical trials to understand the market position. It is observed mRNA vaccines represent a new generation and promising vaccine approach because of their high potency, capacity for rapid development and potential for low-cost manufacture and safe administration. As the development process speeds up, it is equally important for the companies to ensure safety and efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there is no approved drug and vaccine against Corona virus. The available vaccine such as Bharat Biotech's Covaxin which is approved, is also in controversy and limited for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Continuous efforts are being made by the researcher by conducting clinical trials with new interventions. New vaccines as well as drugs are being explored. India and China are exploring the effectiveness of their traditional medicines to treat COVID 19. Aim - This review analyzes the approaches related to therapeutic agents and vaccines for COVID-19. The medical ethics and human challenges to be followed during development and after development of vaccme. Approach-Currently some researcherhave demonstrated the effectiveness of some drugs antiviral drugs (lopinavir, favipiravir, ritonavir etc), anti-inflammatory drugs, anticancer drugs, antimalarial drugs, ayurvedic medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine. Investigation is also going on to discover efficacious drug for the treatment of COVID-19. During conducting human challenges studies for discovering effective therapeutic agent and vaccine it may involve severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 which might be controversy due to ethical issue. Result & findings - On the basis of various literature survey this review article will show human challenges related to development of safe and effective vaccines and available therapeutic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Noval corona Virus also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARSCo V-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic corona virus that emerged in end of 2019 in the Wuhan city of China and has caused a pandemic ofacute respiratory disease, named 'corona virus disease 2019' (COVID-19), which threatens human health and public safety. Noval corona Virus has now spread worldwide to become a global pandemic affecting over 10 Carors of people as of January 31th, 2021 and claimed the life of more than 2,231,230 people worldwide. Corona is asymptomatic for some individuals and for others it can cause symptoms ranging from flu-like to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia and death. In this Review, we describe the current progress and human challenges of development of covid 19 vaccine. This study also includes the current status of peoples who are vaccinated till now in India and comparison with the other countries of the world in terms of peoples vaccinated. The social approval of vaccination presupposes social reliance and it possess a big problem in India. Therefore in-spite of government approval for vaccination being started it is important to be socially accepted by the peoples of India [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To review and evaluate the major impacts on quality assurance (QA), dosimetry and treatment planning procedures, and workflow of clinical physics tasks suggesting the alternate ways to avoid the disruption or discontinuity in the context of the radiation oncology department in an institute during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A meeting was called post lockdown in the radiation oncology department to prepare workflow strategies of physics tasks based on published evidence and to prepare a fixed protocol helping medical physicists to continue the dosimetry and treatment in a time of COVID-19 Pandemic. Result: Strategies and policies were formed considering the infection control policies, machine, and patient-specific QA, dosimetric calculations and measurements, Radiation treatment planning and evaluation, Brachytherapy delivery, and QA. Conclusion: Management of dosimetry, QA, and treatment planning for cancer patients is an issue running parallel to the present condition of the COVID-19 pandemic. Positivity, awareness, and systematic approach are the most important step in balancing the current scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-pandemic has caused severe impact on health management. In the view of this health emergency and provided that the limited resources were available to combat covid-19. Hence, there is the urgent need for the emergency equipment, hospital funds and therapy, innovative solutions. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the use of robotics for the purpose of performing COVID-19 test. Further the paper attempts to develop a controller that can facilitate procedures and minimize the exposure of medical personnel. AI powered Machine learning based robotics can be crucial in conducting impersonal testing's such as obtaining regular temperature data at screening centers. Finally, this paper addresses certain human challenges and ethical issues which arise in such AI powered systems and human interface. Based on review of the technicalities and ethical issues involved in the process, the paper makes a seminal contribution in offering an ethical prospective to resolve the problems in question [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to analyze the Covid 19 pandemic effect on the cancer patients being treated for radiation therapy and to devise a pandemic preparedness plan for Radiation Oncology department together with the hospital staff catering these cancer patients. Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital to devise and explore strategic management of radiotherapy in the covid-19 pandemic. All the methods that lead to an optimized treatment were adapted, minimizing the risk of covid-19 infection to both staffs as well as patients. Results: Since March 2020 to March 2021, 1346 cancer patients were treated in our hospital, out of which 50 patients who had Covid-19 like symptoms were advised to go for RT-PCR Covid-19 screening during treatment, and among them 10 patients were declared positive for Covid-19, rest declared negative. The treatment of the Covid-19 patients was suspended till they came negative for Covid-19 and responded well to the rest course of radiation therapy. Two Covid-19 positive patients expired before the completion of treatment. The treatment regime of940 patients was altered to avoid the duration of exposure to Covid-19 in the hospital, keeping in view the type and aggressiveness of the tumor. Also, the treatment of 16 patients with lung carcinoma was deferred to prevent Radiation-induced pneumonia that would have made them susceptible to Covid-19 infection. They were put on alternative systemic therapies during the deferred period to justify the benefit vs. risk ratio. Conclusion: Following the principle of Radiotherapy i.e. "exert all the efforts to retain the planned irradiation schedule" to avoid disease progression we have made all efforts to achieve this goal and successfully delivering radiation therapy to cancer patients during the pandemic. Various recommendations issued worldwide by reputed agencies to manage the radiotherapy treatment were adapted initially and later during the course of time we have designed a Covid pandemic preparedness plan for radiation oncology which could potentially be a handy help to the institutions catering the most vulnerable class of patients-patients fighting with cancer [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this article is to explore the ethical challenges in the treatment of cancer patients at a tertiary care hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The paper is based on empirical observations apart from a systematic literature review of secondary data from the World Health Organisation (WHO) Novel Corona virus website and central databases like Embase, Scopus and Medline. This paper will discuss the bio-ethics perspective and issues in cancer healthcare management during the Covid-19 pandemic and shall serve as a knowledge base for medical practitioners in general and people related to oncology in particular. Results: The Covid-19 pandemic has been equally challenging for all including patients, healthcare workers and policy makers. Understanding the ethical responsibilities and rational behaviours is critically important for every person facing this challenge. It is possible to emerge victorious from the Covid-19 pandemic in a dignified manner only when the standards of ethics are well understood are held high by the general public, patients, doctors, hospital staff and policy makers equally. Conclusion: Since the oncology patients are immune compromised, they need more attention during the Covid-19 pandemic as they are susceptible to worst of the outcomes of Covid-19 infection. In light of limited resources at a tertiary care hospital where the administration has to look after the other departments as well, it is extremely important to explore, understand and practice the bio-ethical perspective of the cancer healthcare management during the Covid-19 pandemic as the ethical aspects can easily get neglected in a pandemic like Covid-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Corona basically spreads from discharge through the mouth, nostrils and saliva. The basic points to keep in mind for one's safety is to prevent contact with the patient, wear mask, wash hands regurarly and maintain social distance. Corona have left a wide range of impact on the various sections of society like health workers, general public, students, home makers, corporate sector etc. The major impact was on the mental health of the people as they were under cuious and stress which lead to mental health problems of the people. The reason for disturbed mental health was that people lost their jobs and their business was not running due to a long span of lockdown. Students were stucked at home and families got disturbed due to pandemic which led to severe adverse conditions. AIM: The outbreak of COVID 19 and the sudden change in the routine of people together with the concern of being infected with the virus lead to emotional problems in some patients. People with anxiety psychological disorders, fear were reported. Thus, in order to have proper care of the patient and also to have strong mental health we as pharmacist can play a vital role. Encourage the public to maintain regular work and rest schedule with adequate exercise to enhance the immunity system and relieve negative emotions at the same time. RESULTS: In the pandemic time the mental health of various aspects of the society was affected. The main gentry which was affected by the virus were house wives, maternal health, students, workers, many sectors of govt and semi govt jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]