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In this article, I discuss the concept of 'Decolonizing Nursing', answering what this process is about, and how and when it should be done. I introduce the idea of epistemological dominance and the concepts of colonization and decolonization of nursing knowledge. I describe my experiences of coming from Latin America and facing Anglo‐Saxon academy to discuss core disciplinary nursing knowledge and provide reflections around the decolonization of nursing language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women have been the major victims of the Colombian armed conflict for more than 50 years. Nowadays, when the country faces an aftermath focused on reconciliation, understanding women's experiences during the conflict is key to providing them tools for social justice and effective fulfilling of their needs. This qualitative synthesis of literature includes publications in Spanish and English of electronic databases over the past 20 years regarding rural women and the Colombian armed conflict. Studies were included for review if they were published between 2000 and 2019, were qualitative peer-reviewed articles, and addressed directly or indirectly the pregnancy process as well as the women's sexual and reproductive health in rural Colombia. Seven of 169 articles initially identified were included for an inductive analysis of categories and themes. After the analysis process, three main themes emerged from the literature: (a) crumbling families, (b) being a woman: the challenges between being a peacemaker and a victim, and (c) protecting and caring of life. These three themes comprise 10 categories and 20 subcategories that provide support to the inductive qualitative synthesis. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the Colombian armed conflict focused on the victimization of women. It concludes with reflections about the Colombian women's role in transitioning toward peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Traditional Partera refers to a woman who assists, by traditional practices, women during gestation, birth, and reproductive life, aside of the formal health care system. Their practice, Traditional Partería, is considered a key ancestral cultural component in marginalized communities in Colombia. A comprehensive description of the essence of Colombian Traditional Partería is currently missing, and this practice is facing the loss of its body of knowledge. Here, we describe the essence of being a Colombian Traditional Partera. Eight Traditional Parteras participated in phenomenological interviews and body maps focused on their embodied conscious experience of being a Traditional Partera in Colombia. Seventeen general meaning units were identified and grouped in three embodied components (Head, Heart, and Hands) related to practice, knowledge, feelings, perceptions, context, and culture. We discuss philosophical reflections and implications of knowing other's world perspectives, describing a sensitive triad central in the Traditional Partería practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify practices, beliefs, and potential gaps in knowledge about partería tradicional in Latin America. Background/Introduction: Partería tradicional (lay midwifery) refers to ancestral knowledge used by laypersons, mainly parteras tradicionales (lay midwives), to provide health care to women and children. This care, initiated prior to formalization of health care continues today. Descriptions of the intergenerational oral transmission of partería tradicional knowledge and practice in Latin America exist without related synthesis. Methods: Qualitative synthesis of the literature, including publications in Spanish, English, and Portuguese indexed in public databases over the previous 22 years concerning partería tradicional. Identification of categories, themes, and bias reporting via PRISMA processes, using the Thomas and Harden's approach and the Noblit and Hare's methodological recommendations. Results: Partería tradicional themes included "ancestral knowledge," "destiny and a spiritual calling," "woma's heritage," and "a means for providing health care." Discussion: Parteras tradicionales are key providers of health care for rural and urban marginalized communities. Limited knowledge and understanding of this practice impacts interactions between parteras tradicionales, midwives, and nurses. An interchange of knowledge is fundamental for care congruent with culture and the humanization of women's reproductive health. Conclusions and policy implications: Communities with unresolved health care needs benefit via collaboration between formal health practices and partería tradicional. A compelling need for inquiry to preserve the art of partería tradicional exists internationally. Parteras tradicionales must be considered when formulating health care policy, thereby enhancing their historic role among the most vulnerable populations in Latin America: protecting, caring, and addressing health care needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the concept Art of Caring and expand its conceptualization in the Nursing discipline. Methods: A conceptual analysis in Spanish and English was developed based on the steps proposed by Walker and Avant. Findings: Five principal historical stages of development of the concept were identified. Attributes, antecedents, consequences, and cases are provided. An analogy is proposed to illustrate this concept through the representation of a four‐dimensional figure (tesseract). Conclusions: Art of Caring embeds the core disciplinary nursing knowledge. Exploring this concept leads to a broad perspective of Nursing and the act of caring, with the potential of uniting the discipline globally. Implications for nursing practice: With the increasing use of Nursing knowledge in different languages, the global understanding of its foundations is key for advancement of the discipline. This concept analysis provides tools to help nurses to understand and be understood regardless of linguistic differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Arterial hypertension requires proper screening and management, and its underdiagnosis in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and/or antipsychotic treatment has been postulated. The objective of the study is to assess whether there are differences in the proportion of screened patients with a blood pressure >140/90 mmHg that are undiagnosed or not confirmed later (risk of underdiagnosis).Methods: Cross-sectional study of clinical records from SIDIAPQ (Spain) during the 2006–2011 period. Three groups were studied: SZ, no SZ but under antipsychotic treatment, and control groups. Patients with established hypertension, cardiovascular disease, dementia, or diagnosis of SZ or starting with antipsychotic treatment during this period were excluded.Results: The SZ group had a lower risk of underdiagnosis than the control group (OR 0.91; 95% CI: 0.83–0.99;p< 0.05), at the expense of men (OR 0.8; 95% CI: 0.71–0.9;p< 0.001) and patients younger than 50 years of age (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74–0.93;p< 0.003). In the no SZ but under antipsychotic treatment group there were some differences, but not in the overall results.Conclusion: Preventive management of hypertension seemed to be sufficient for SZ and antipsychotic treatment patients. The lower prevalence of hypertension found in these groups may be due to other factors (blood pressure-lowering effect of psychoactive drugs or smoking) but these hypotheses must be evaluated with specific studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cisheteronormativity refers to the relationship of heterosexual and cisgender privilege stemming from patriarchy. Although studies have shown that cisheteronormativity can impact health outcomes for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and other sexual, gender diverse, and gender nonconforming (LGBTQ+) people, the specific impact on cancer care has not been described. We synthesized the qualitative evidence on how cisheteronormativity impacts the psychosocial experience of LGBTQ+ people with cancer. Methods: We conducted a historic search in the CINAHL, LGBT+ Health, PsycInfo, and PubMed databases. Qualitative studies that described the psychosocial experience of LGBTQ+ people with cancer were included. After appraising the quality of the publications, 11 articles were included. Then, we conducted inductive nominal coding, taxonomic analysis, and thematic synthesis. Results: Two main themes emerged, (1) Cisheteronormativity as a social determinant of health, and (2) Cancer, sexual orientation, and gender: Associations and introjections. The themes comprise four categories and 13 subcategories that describe the impact of cisheteronormativity on the cancer experience of LGBTQ+ people. Conclusion: Cisheteronormativity within the healthcare system impacts the psychosocial experience of LGBTQ+ people with cancer. Understanding how these gender biases, norms, and social expectations impact the cancer experience is necessary to transform social norms and promote health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have previously shown increased cardiovascular risk factors related to schizophrenia independently from the use of antipsychotic drugs. However, a poorer effort in clinical detection and management of cardiovascular risk in patients with severe mental illness could also explain these results. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the differences in screening and incidence of cardiovascular risk factors between schizophrenia, non-schizophrenic patients on treatment with antipsychotic drugs (NS-TAD) and the general population. Data from adult subjects assessed by high-quality register general practitioners from 2006 to 2011 were extracted from the Catalonian SIDIAP database. The schizophrenia, NS-TAD, and control groups were compared in terms of measurements and incidence of diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and smoking. A total of 4911 patients in the schizophrenia group, 4157 in NS-TAD group, and 98644 in the control group were included. Schizophrenia patients were screened for dyslipidemia and diabetes more frequently than the control group, while for obesity or hypertension, they were screened equal to controls. Also, as compared to the control group, the NS-TAD group was more frequently screened for obesity with no differences in dyslipidemia and diabetes and less frequently for hypertension. Smoking was less frequently screened in both study groups. The incidence of all risk factors studied in both study groups was higher than or equal to the control group, except for hypertension, which had lower incidence. The lack of screening of risk factors does not appear decisive in the increased cardiovascular risk of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia seen in primary care. Studies evaluating the possible under diagnosis of the risk factors are required. Abbreviations: Schizophrenia (SZ); Treatment with antipsychotic drugs (TAD); Cardiovascular risk factor/s (CVRF); Without schizophrenia but on therapy with antipsychotic drugs (NS-TAD); Defined Daily Dose (DDD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabis use is a frequent problem among people with psychotic disorders that has been related to a worse prognosis. Understanding the reasons of cannabis use may help to develop comprehensive treatments and, as a result, improve the psychosis course. Methods: A systematic review of studies published in English and Spanish language from 1990 until March 2012 describing reasons for and subjective effects of cannabis use in patients with psychosis were reviewed. However, only those studies in which cannabis use was one of the three main substances studied were included. Results: Initially, 73 studies, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria, were identified. Most of the studies include heterogeneous patients, at different illness stages, and a few studies included a non-psychotic comparison group. The most common reasons for cannabis use were those related with social activities, mood disturbance, relaxation and getting high. Conclusions: The most common reasons for cannabis use in patients with psychosis were related with social activities, mood disturbances, relaxation and getting high. However, a more homogeneous methodology need to be established, including different illness stages, to facilitate the interventions to reduce cannabis use in all phases of psychotic disorders development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The design of and training for complex systems requires in-depth understanding of task demands imposed on users. In this project, we used the knowledge engineering approach () to assess the task of mowing in a citrus grove. Knowledge engineering is divided into four phases: (1) Establish goals. We defined specific goals based on the stakeholders involved. The main goal was to identify operator demands to support improvement of the system. (2) Create a working model of the system. We reviewed product literature, analyzed the system, and conducted expert interviews. (3) Extract knowledge. We interviewed tractor operators to understand their knowledge base. (4) Structure knowledge. We analyzed and organized operator knowledge to inform project goals. We categorized the information and developed diagrams to display the knowledge effectively. This project illustrates the benefits of knowledge engineering as a qualitative research method to inform technology design and training. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• People with schizophrenia have a greater cardiovascular risk. • Metabolic effect of antipsychotics, lifestyles and minor access to health services are keypoints. • Schizophrenia itself could be an independent cardiovascular risk factor. • In this study, schizophrenia was independently related with cardiovascular mortality. • Schizophrenia and antipsychotic drugs oblige to optimise cardiovascular prevention. People with schizophrenia (SZ) or under treatment with antipsychotic drugs (TAD) are considered to be at high risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, but the reasons are not fully understood. In addition, no longitudinal studies in the setting of primary care in Spain have been performed. We aimed at analysing the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CV mortality in the population with SZ and in the population without SZ but under TAD (NS-TAD). Retrospective cohort study in primary care in Spain, based on data from computerized medical records and mortality recorded in the National Statistics Institute. Three groups were generated: SZ, NS-TAD and control group, with a 4-year follow-up period (2008 to 2011). In an adjusted model, SZ was established as an independent risk factor for CV mortality although not with non-fatal CVD incidence. The NS-TAD group was an independent risk factor for mortality of any cause and CVD, but not CV mortality. Differences between SZ and NS-TAD support that SZ has an increased risk of CVD independently of TAD. Further studies to evaluate the origin and management are needed. The detection of CVD and the consequent secondary CV prevention in these high-risk populations should be prioritized. Herein, a greater interaction between primary care and mental health services is eagerly needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]