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Clinical Scenario: Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in athletics, and many lead to recurrent sprains, chronic ankle instability, and persistent symptoms. Treatment improvements are needed. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) involves formulating autologous plasma with higher platelet concentration to be injected in the desired tissue. There is currently high-quality evidence supporting the use of PRP with lateral epicondylitis and knee osteoarthritis to accelerate the healing process and decrease pain. Clinical Question: Does the injection of PRP relieve pain faster and improve function compared with no injection or placebo in patients with a lateral ankle sprain? Summary of Key Findings: A computerized search yielded 191 studies; of these, 3 studies fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria. PRP injection reduces pain and increases function after lateral ankle sprain 5 to 8 weeks after intervention. Clinical Bottom Line: The use of PRP after lateral ankle sprain to decrease pain and increase function is supported with moderate evidence. Strength of Recommendation: Based on the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy, evidence from the included studies is considered as level B, reflecting limited quality patient-oriented evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a direct three-body recombination approach of the sulfur recombination reaction, S + S + M → S2 + M, at temperatures between 100 and 500 K. Our calculations for M = Ar, based on a classical trajectory approach in hyperspherical coordinates, show excellent agreement with the experimental measurement at T = 298 K of Fair and Thrush [Trans. Faraday Soc. 65, 1208 (1969)]. Similarly, we find that the production of S2 strongly depends on the SAr product, the other possible reaction channel. Finally, using the classical threshold law, we check sulfur recombination with another third body, M = H2S, and find no significant change in the rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We measured the austenitic FeCr18Ni12.5 stainless steel Hugoniot as a function of crystallographic direction to approximately 60 GPa. We shock-compressed FeCr18Ni12.5 samples oriented along ⟨ 100 ⟩ , ⟨ 110 ⟩ , and ⟨ 111 ⟩ to mean stresses ranging 30.5–58.1 GPa via Ta plate impact in a large-bore powder gun and measured the free-surface velocities with laser interferometry. We unambiguously observed the largest post-shock free-surface velocity along ⟨ 100 ⟩ in each experiment, which consequently produced the lowest shock velocity along that orientation. However, the propagation of experimental uncertainties through the impedance matching scheme used to compute the shock velocity produced sufficient uncertainty overlap to preclude definitive conclusion of Hugoniot anisotropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcoholysis of Cp′3Ln (Ln = La, Ce; Cp′ = C5H4SiMe3) generate high-yielding (72–97%) bimetallic LnIII complexes of [Cp′2Ln(μ-OR)]2 [R = Et, iPr, or C6H4-4-tBu]. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of these complexes reveal unexpected decreases in Ln⋯Ln distances, increasing Cpcent–Ln–Cpcent angles, and increasing intermolecular C⋯C contacts with bulkier bridging alkoxides, in line with structural control driven by significant dispersion forces. 1H NMR spectroscopy of [Cp′2Ce(μ-OEt)]2 and [Cp′2Ce(μ-OiPr)]2 revealed significantly upfield resonances assigned as methylene and methine moieties of −43.74 and −70.85 ppm, respectively. 2D 1H DOSY NMR experiments of [Cp′2Ce(μ-OiPr)]2 in C6D6 supported a dimeric structure in solution, including in the presence of a Lewis base (i.e., THF). Reduction of [Cp′2La(μ-OiPr)]2 using KC8 in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand at −78 °C generated a purple solution and X-band EPR spectroscopy revealed an eight-line hyperfine pattern indicative of a LaII species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype, has poor prognosis, and lacks targeted therapies. Schlafen12 (SLFN12) is a protein linked to survival in TNBC. SLFN12 influences the expressions of important cancer genes and other SLFN family members, but it is unclear how these genes change following chemotherapy. This study indicates that SLFN12 overexpressing TNBC cells with chemotherapy agents resulted in the differential expressions of eight cancer genes. Further, when TNBC cells were treated with chemotherapy and hairpin adenovirus to knock down SLFN12, IFN-α2 treatment was able to increase SLFN family mRNA expression and decrease cell viability. Together, these results indicate the importance of examining SLFN family interactions with gene profiles in an effort to produce a targeted treatment approach for TNBC patients. Background/Objectives: Schlafen12 (SLFN12) is an intermediate human Schlafen protein shown to correlate with survivability in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). SLFN12 causes differential expressions of significant cancer genes, but how they change in response to chemotherapy remains unknown. Our aim is to identify the effect of chemotherapy on genes that improve TNBC outcomes and other SLFN family members following SLFN12 knockout or overexpression. Methods: We overexpressed SLFN12 using a lentiviral vector and knocked out SLFN12 (AdvShSLFN12) using a hairpin adenovirus in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. Cells were treated with camptothecin, paclitaxel, zoledronic acid, or carboplatin to evaluate the SLFN12 signature cancer genes associated with improved TNBC outcomes using qPCR. Additionally, cells were treated alone and in combination with AdvShSLFN12, IFN-α2 (known SLFN12 stimulator), carboplatin, and paclitaxel. After treatment, the viable cell numbers were analyzed utilizing a colorimetric crystal violet assay for cell viability. Results: The SLFN family and SLFN12 cancer signature gene mRNA expressions were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Treating SLFN12-overexpressing TNBC cells with chemotherapy agents resulted in the differential expressions of eight cancer-related genes. Notably, GJB3 was downregulated following treatment with each chemotherapeutic drug. Inducing SLFN12 with IFN-α2 resulted in decreased cell viability and increased SLFN12 mRNA levels following treatment with paclitaxel or carboplatin. Conclusions: These results suggest that SLFN12 overexpression significantly affects the expressions of genes driving phenotypic changes in response to chemotherapy and influences additional SLFN family members following IFN-α2 treatment. This may contribute to improving the survival of patients with SLFN12 overexpression. Additionally, patient SLFN12 levels can be used as a factor when pursuing personalized chemotherapy treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The CF care model remains an evidence-based framework for excellence in clinical care that has evolved to address the changing healthcare needs of the CF community. • The core team structure continues to be of great importance but must be expanded to address the growing complexities of CF care; important additions include pharmacist, genetic counselor, and a mental health coordinator. • There is increased need for partnership with primary care providers to ensure that medical issues related to general health are addressed appropriately. Interdisciplinary teams care for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) at specialized treatment centers. These teams have laid the foundation for the cystic fibrosis (CF) care model responsible for gains in health outcomes and quality of life within the CF community. However, the landscape of CF care is transforming, invigorated by new technologies, accessibility of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) therapies, and increased utilization of telemedicine. In light of these advances, it is appropriate to re-evaluate the CF care team structure. This position paper offers guidance for the structure of a CF care center designed to meet the evolving needs of the CF community. Fundamental to the proposed center structure is recognition of pwCF and their families as integral members of their care teams, underpinning the necessity for shared decision making, awareness of social determinants of health, and active partnership between all healthcare professionals involved in the care of pwCF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pioneered in the 1960s and defined by clinical practice guidelines in 1997, the CF Care Model has resulted in remarkable improvements in clinical outcomes, including increase in the median predicted age of survival to 61 years for people with CF born between 2019 and 2023 in the United States. Evolution of the CF Care Model is necessary due to improved survival and outcomes, development of CFTR modulators, and technology advances allowing telemedicine and home monitoring. • This position paper was developed by an interdisciplinary committee, including individuals with CF and their families, to provide guidance for routine visit frequency and maintenance health screening based on available evidence and expertise. • Reduced CF clinic visit frequency in children ≥ 6 years and adults to every 4–6 months can be considered when health is determined to be stable in all domains, including physical, mental and social determinants of health. • Spirometry is recommended at least twice yearly, the importance of sputum or throat cultures every 3 months is affirmed despite possible reduction in visit frequency, chest CT imaging is preferred over chest x-ray, and the re-assessment of fecal elastase after modulators is suggested especially in children. • Nutritional, CF related diabetes, cardiovascular, bone health and cancer screenings are reviewed. Mental health screening is affirmed and social determinants of health screening is encouraged. Specialized care is provided to people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) by interdisciplinary teams nested within the CF Foundation's accredited care center network. This network allows for standardization of the care model, implementation of clinical care guidelines, efficient communication, and outcomes reporting. Recent developments have impacted this care model. Increased access to CFTR modulator therapies has improved overall health for many, although not all pwCF. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a rapid adoption of telemedicine and remote monitoring to ensure continuity of CF care. A collaboration of care providers, pwCF, and parent caregivers reevaluated key aspects of the current care model and considered potential modifications based on a widening range of needs. Available evidence was used to evaluate components of routine clinical practice and identify potential adaptations to care. The review included identification of patient characteristics warranting intensive monitoring, while embracing patient-centric care, and emphasizing the integration of telemedicine and at-home health technologies. Despite the changing landscape, the importance of the relationship between pwCF, their support system, and the care team was confirmed as a timeless and foundational aspect of the care model. Shared decision making, partnership, and coproduced care plans between pwCF and their CF care teams guide the best adaptations of the care model to support individual priorities and wellbeing. As health care advances and pwCF age, further research is needed to understand the impact of the care model on long-term health outcomes and to identify best practices that support pwCF to live longer healthier lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections. Using opioids while infected with C. difficile may hypothetically lead to reduced clearance of the organism and higher risk of progressing to severe or fulminant infection. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if opioid use leads to worsening of C. difficile infection. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients with C. difficile infection. The primary endpoint was progression to severe or fulminant disease, defined as serum creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dL or over 50% of baseline, white blood cells above 15,000 cells/mm3, shock requiring vasopressors, ileus, toxic megacolon, or vancomycin dose increase. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay and time to resolution of diarrhea. The groups were stratified based on average morphine milligram equivalents received during the treatment. Results: A total of 73 patients were included in the non-opioid group and 93 patients in the opioid group. The composite outcome occurred in 16 patients (21.9%) without opioids vs 26 patients (28.0%) with opioids; (P = 0.37). The average length of stay was 7.2 days without opioids and 9.3 days with opioids (P = 0.11) and the average time to resolution of diarrhea was 3.5 days without opioids and 5.5 days with opioids (P = 0.40). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the rate of progression to severe or fulminant disease. There was a numerical trend towards increase in progression in patients who had opioids, primarily driven by those who had higher dosages of opioids used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoolein-based liquid crystal phases are established media that are researched for various biological applications, including drug delivery. While water is the most common solvent for self-assembly, some ionic liquids (ILs) can support lipidic self-assembly. However, currently, there is limited knowledge of IL-lipid phase behavior in ILs. In this study, the lyotropic liquid crystal phase behavior of monoolein was investigated in six protic ILs known to support amphiphile self-assembly, namely ethylammonium nitrate, ethanolammonium nitrate, ethylammonium formate, ethanolammonium formate, ethylammonium acetate, and ethanolammonium acetate. These ILs were selected to identify specific ion effects on monoolein self-assembly, specifically increasing the alkyl chain length of the cation or anion, the presence of a hydroxyl group in the cation, and varying the anion. The lyotropic liquid crystal phases with 20–80 wt. % of monoolein were characterized over a temperature range from 25 to 65 °C using synchrotron small angle x-ray scattering and cross-polarized optical microscopy. These results were used to construct partial phase diagrams of monoolein in each of the six protic ILs, with inverse hexagonal, bicontinuous cubic, and lamellar phases observed. Protic ILs containing the ethylammonium cation led to monoolein forming lamellar and bicontinuous cubic phases, while those containing the ethanolammonium cation formed inverse hexagonal and bicontinuous cubic phases. Protic ILs containing formate and acetate anions favored bicontinuous cubic phases across a broader range of protic IL concentrations than those containing the nitrate anion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic shockless compression experiments provide the ability to explore material behavior at extreme pressures but relatively low temperatures. Typically, the data from these types of experiments are interpreted through an analytic method called Lagrangian analysis. In this work, alternative analysis methods are explored using modern statistical methods. Specifically, Bayesian model calibration is applied to a new set of platinum data shocklessly compressed to 570 GPa. Several platinum equation-of-state models are evaluated, including traditional parametric forms as well as a novel non-parametric model concept. The results are compared to those in Paper I obtained by inverse Lagrangian analysis. The comparisons suggest that Bayesian calibration is not only a viable framework for precise quantification of the compression path, but also reveals insights pertaining to trade-offs surrounding model form selection, sensitivities of the relevant experimental uncertainties, and assumptions and limitations within Lagrangian analysis. The non-parametric model method, in particular, is found to give precise unbiased results and is expected to be useful over a wide range of applications. The calibration results in estimates of the platinum principal isentrope over the full range of experimental pressures to a standard error of 1.6%, which extends the results from Paper I while maintaining the high precision required for the platinum pressure standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Absolute measurements of solid-material compressibility by magnetically driven shockless dynamic compression experiments to multi-megabar pressures have the potential to greatly improve the accuracy and precision of pressure calibration standards for use in diamond anvil cell experiments. To this end, we apply characteristics-based inverse Lagrangian analysis (ILA) to 11 sets of ramp-compression data on pure platinum (Pt) metal and then reduce the resulting weighted-mean stress–strain curve to the principal isentrope and room-temperature isotherm using simple models for yield stress and Grüneisen parameter. We introduce several improvements to methods for ILA and quasi-isentrope reduction, the latter including calculation of corrections in wave speed instead of stress and pressure to render results largely independent of initial yield stress while enforcing thermodynamic consistency near zero pressure. More importantly, we quantify in detail the propagation of experimental uncertainty through ILA and model uncertainty through quasi-isentrope reduction, considering all potential sources of error except the electrode and window material models used in ILA. Compared to previous approaches, we find larger uncertainty in longitudinal stress. Monte Carlo analysis demonstrates that uncertainty in the yield-stress model constitutes by far the largest contribution to uncertainty in quasi-isentrope reduction corrections. We present a new room-temperature isotherm for Pt up to 444 GPa, with 1-sigma uncertainty at that pressure of just under ± 1.2 % ; the latter is about a factor of three smaller than uncertainty previously reported for multi-megabar ramp-compression experiments on Pt. The result is well represented by a Vinet-form compression curve with (isothermal) bulk modulus K 0 = 270.3 ± 3.8 GPa, pressure derivative K 0 ′ = 5.66 ± 0.10 , and correlation coefficient R K 0 , K 0 ′ = − 0.843. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sociology of Sport Journal (SSJ) is celebrating its 40th anniversary with a special issue that focuses on liberation, futurity, intersectionality, and interdisciplinarity. The guest editors discuss the significance of these themes in studying sport, physical culture, and the physically active body. They emphasize the importance of critical scholarship that highlights the experiences of marginalized groups and challenges systems of oppression. The editors hope that SSJ and the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport (NASSS) can provide spaces for emerging scholars and contribute to the future of the field. [Extracted from the article]

BACKGROUND: Weather variability is associated with enteric infections in people through a complex interaction of human, animal, and environmental factors. Although Campylobacter infections have been previously associated with precipitation and temperature, the association between precipitation and drought on campylobacteriosis has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: Using data from Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and counties in Utah, this ecological study aimed to assess the association between precipitation and the incidence of campylobacteriosis by county from 2009 to 2021 and to determine how this association is modified by prior drought level and animal operations. METHODS: We merged 38,782 cases of campylobacteriosis reported in 127 counties with total precipitation (in inches), temperature (in average degrees Fahrenheit), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI, category), and animal census data (presence, density per square mile) by week from 2009 to 2021. Negative binomial generalized estimating equations adjusted for temperature with a 3-wk lag were used to explore the association between precipitation on campylobacteriosis with resulting incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Stratified analyses explored the association with precipitation following antecedent drought, presence of farm operations, and animal density. RESULTS: A 1-in (25.4 mm) increase in precipitation was associated with a 3% increase in campylobacteriosis reported 3 wks later (IRR=1.03; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.04) after adjusting for average temperature and PDSI. Compared with normal conditions, there were significantly more cases when precipitation followed antecedent extremely wet (IRR=1.15; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26), very wet (IRR=1.09; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18), moderately wet (IRR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12), moderate drought (IRR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.16), and severe drought (IRR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.11) conditions, whereas there were significantly fewer cases (IRR=0.89; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.94) for antecedent extreme drought. Compared to counties with no animal operations, counties with animal operations had significantly more cases following precipitation for every PDSI category except extreme drought. Counties with a higher density of beef cattle, goats for meat, chicken broilers, and chicken layers had significantly higher rates of campylobacteriosis following precipitation than those with no such operations, whereas those with dairy cattle and goats for milk, did not. DISCUSSION: In this majority arid and semiarid environment, precipitation following prior wet conditions and moderate and severe drought were significantly associated with increased rates of campylobacteriosis, and only in prior extreme drought did rates decrease. Where the precipitation fell made a difference; after precipitation, counties with farm operations had significantly more cases compared to counties without farm operations. Further work should assess individual-level risk factors within environmental exposure pathways for Campylobacter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by the United Nations Decade on Restoration and international funding initiatives, such as the Mangrove Breakthrough, investment in mangrove restoration is expected to increase. Yet, mangrove restoration efforts frequently fail, usually because of ad hoc site‐selection processes that do not consider mangrove ecology and the socioeconomic context. Using decision analysis, we developed an approach that accounts for socioeconomic and ecological data to identify sites with the highest likelihood of mangrove restoration success. We applied our approach in the Biosphere Reserve Marismas Nacionales Nayarit, Mexico, an area that recently received funding for implementing mangrove restoration actions. We identified 468 potential restoration sites, assessed their restorability potential based on socioeconomic and ecological metrics, and ranked sites for implementation with spatial optimization. The metrics we used included favorable conditions for propagules to establish and survive under sea‐level rise, provision of ecosystem services, and community dynamics. Sites that were selected based on socioeconomic or ecological metrics alone had lower likelihood of mangrove restoration success than sites that were selected based on integrated socioeconomic and ecological metrics. For example, selecting sites based on only socioeconomic metrics captured 16% of the maximum attainable value of functioning mangroves able to provide propagules to potential restoration sites, whereas selecting sites based on ecological and socioeconomic metrics captured 46% of functioning mangroves. Our approach was developed as part of a collaboration between nongovernmental organizations, local government, and academics under rapid delivery time lines given preexisting mangrove restoration implementation commitments. The systematic decision process we used integrated socioeconomic and ecological considerations even under short delivery deadlines, and our approach can be adapted to help mangrove restoration site‐selection decisions elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The triple humanitarian, development, and peace nexus is rising in prominence to promote better coordination between actors and actions. In this article, we examine three key challenges regarding the addition of peace to the double humanitarian–development nexus: how (1) the peace component affects the humanitarian principles; (2) projects adapt to differing timescales of activities; and (3) donor financing strategies and funding modalities affect the nexus implementation. Methodologically, we analyse projects in Kenya, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Indonesia, conduct a literature review and 55 interviews. Our findings show that incorporating peace into the humanitarian–development nexus requires systemic and cultural shifts in how international aid is delivered and accounted for, including, in some cases, a move away from project-based approaches. The main implications of this research are that adding peace to the nexus approach requires increased coordination and a critical rethink of humanitarian and development systems across political and operational actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strong association of the human leukocyte antigen B∗27 alleles (HLA-B∗27) with spondyloarthritis and related rheumatic conditions has long fascinated researchers, yet the precise mechanisms underlying its pathogenicity remain elusive. Here, we review how interplay between the microbiome, the immune system, and the enigmatic HLA-B∗27 could trigger spondyloarthritis, with a focus on whether HLA-B∗27 presents an arthritogenic peptide. We propose mechanisms by which the unique biochemical characteristics of the HLA-B∗27 protein structure, particularly its peptide binding groove, could dictate its propensity to induce pathological T cell responses. We further provide new insights into how TRBV9+ CD8+ T cells are implicated in the disease process, as well as how the immunometabolism of T cells modulates tissue-specific inflammatory responses in spondyloarthritis. Finally, we present testable models and suggest approaches to this problem in future studies given recent advances in computational biology, chemical biology, structural biology, and small-molecule therapeutics. [Display omitted] In this perspective, Brown et al. synthesize recent studies from different fields to describe how the microbiome, immunity, and metabolism could interact with the risk allele HLA-B∗27 to initiate spondyloarthritis. Special attention is given to unique structural features of HLA-B∗27 and how they interface with the microbial environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corals residing in habitats that experience high‐frequency seawater pCO2 variability may possess an enhanced capacity to cope with ocean acidification, yet we lack a clear understanding of the molecular toolkit enabling acclimatisation to environmental extremes or how life‐long exposure to pCO2 variability influences biomineralisation. Here, we examined the gene expression responses and micro‐skeletal characteristics of Pocillopora damicornis originating from the reef flat and reef slope of Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef. The reef flat and reef slope had similar mean seawater pCO2, but the reef flat experienced twice the mean daily pCO2 amplitude (range of 797 v. 399 μatm day−1, respectively). A controlled mesocosm experiment was conducted over 8 weeks, exposing P. damicornis from the reef slope and reef flat to stable (218 ± 9) or variable (911 ± 31) diel pCO2 fluctuations (μatm; mean ± SE). At the end of the exposure, P. damicornis originating from the reef flat demonstrated frontloading of 25% of the expressed genes regardless of treatment conditions, suggesting constitutive upregulation. This included higher expression of critical biomineralisation‐related genes such as carbonic anhydrases, skeletal organic matrix proteins, and bicarbonate transporters. The observed frontloading corresponded with a 40% increase of the fastest deposited areas of the skeleton in reef flat corals grown under non‐native, stable pCO2 conditions compared to reef slope conspecifics, suggesting a compensatory response that stems from acclimatisation to environmental extremes and/or relief from stressful pCO2 fluctuations. Under escalating ocean warming and acidification, corals acclimated to environmental variability warrant focused investigation and represent ideal candidates for active interventions to build reef resilience while societies adopt strict policies to limit climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) dysfunction is a critical contributor to cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, restenosis and vein graft failure. Recent advances have unveiled a fascinating range of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a pivotal role in regulating vSMC function. This review aims to provide an in‐depth analysis of the mechanisms underlying vSMC dysfunction and the therapeutic potential of various ncRNAs in mitigating this dysfunction, either preventing or reversing it. We explore the intricate interplay of microRNAs, long‐non‐coding RNAs and circular RNAs, shedding light on their roles in regulating key signalling pathways associated with vSMC dysfunction. We also discuss the prospects and challenges associated with developing ncRNA‐based therapies for this prevalent type of cardiovascular pathology. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Non‐coding RNA Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v182.2/issuetoc [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Spinal neurotrauma (sNT), including spinal cord injury (SCI), poses a significant public health challenge with a variety of downstream sequelae. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Elmhurst, Queens in New York City (NYC) was an initial hotspot dubbed the "epicenter of the epicenter" of the crisis, necessitating large-scale adjustments in healthcare resource allocation. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sNT incidence, severity, and outcomes in this geographical area in light of these stressors. Methods: sNT admissions to NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, a Level 1 trauma center, during the first 26 weeks of 2019, 2020, and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Data were grouped into three periods: Group 1, the pre-pandemic baseline (1/1/19–6/30/19 and 1/1/20–2/29/20); Group 2, the first COVID-19 wave in NYC (3/1/20–6/30/20); and Group 3, which included the beginning of the second COVID-19 wave in NYC (1/1/21–6/30/21). Univariate analyses were conducted to examine potential associations between variables with clinically significant variables (p < 0.05) included in binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Analysis of 232 sNT patients (median age 62 [40, 80] years; mean admissions/week 2.9 ± 1.8) demonstrated no statistically significant differences in age (H = 0.46; p = 0.25), sex (χ2 = 2.22; p = 0.06), or ethnicity (χ2 = 17.10; p = 0.16) across groups. Average weekly admission rates for Groups 1–3 were 2.9 ± 1.6, 2.4 ± 1.8, and 3.3 ± 1.9, respectively (p = 0.24). Uninsured patients decreased from 5.7 to 0%, while Medicaid coverage increased from 25.5 to 35.9% (p = 0.003) during the pandemic. Binary logistic regression dichotomized by discharge outcome demonstrated that each additional year of age decreased the odds of a good outcome by approximately 6% (OR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.92, 0.96; p < 0.001). Admission injury severity score (ISS) (OR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.864, 0.962; p < 0.001) and GCS score (OR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.07, 1.34; p < 0.001) were both significantly associated with discharge outcome. While it did not reach statistical significance, there was a trend towards poorer outcomes for those with public health insurance (Medicaid/Medicare) coverage (OR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.59, 1.02; p = 0.07). However, group designation, patient sex, COVID-19 status, and need for neurosurgical intervention were not associated with outcome (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Despite the immense strain on healthcare resources in Elmhurst, Queens during the COVID-19 pandemic, neurosurgical intervention and outcomes for sNT patients did not appear to be significantly affected. While discharge outcomes were primarily influenced by injury severity, there was a statistical trend towards poorer outcomes in those with public health insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractWomen experience greater stress and burnout compared to men, particularly at midlife, when gender role expectations may contribute to experiencing stress and burnout. To date, researchers have not empirically examined the associations between gender traits and stereotypes, stress, and burnout among midlife women. Gendered traits and stereotypes were assessed via self-reported questionnaires, along with perceived stress and burnout. Data were collected from 301 women ages 40 to 65 in the United States and United Kingdom via an online survey in 2018. Results indicated that for gender traits, stronger feminine traits were associated with lower work-related burnout, and stronger personal masculine traits were associated with lower stress and lower personal burnout. Social masculine traits were positively associated with personal burnout. Furthermore, stress mediated the associations between femininity and personal masculinity and burnout, such that lower scores on both feminine traits and personal masculine traits were associated with higher stress, and this was in turn associated with greater burnout in both personal and work domains. Results indicate that specific positive aspects of personal gender traits, both masculine (e.g. strength in beliefs, conviction), and feminine (e.g., connection, warmth) were associated with lower stress and lower burnout, and these traits may reduce risk for stress and burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As an umbrella term, social prescribing offers varied routes into society which promise to support, enhance, and empower individual citizens to take control of their own health and wellbeing. Globally healthcare systems are struggling to cope with the increasing demands of an ageing population and the NHS (UK) is no exception. Social prescribing is heralded as a means to relieve the burden on primary care and provide support for the 20% of patients whose needs are non-medical. As such an increasing array of schemes are available, spanning five sub-sets: creative or nature-based referrals, welfare services, exercise referrals, education programmes or befriending support. Green social prescription offers significant potential to promote wellbeing and improve health outcomes. However limited research has explored this emergent sub-set. Aim: Explore and interrogate the concept of social prescribing to understand how it is conceptualised, perceived, and experienced by different stakeholders involved in its coordination, delivery, and provision; At a time when it is being formalised in Wales, UK. Methods: Using qualitative enquiry, from a social constructivist paradigm, stakeholder perspectives pertaining to current social prescribing models, pathways and actions in Wales were explored. Three multi-discipline research workshops and ten semi-structured, one-to-one interviews were conducted either in person or via zoom. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results: 39 different stakeholders contributed. These included social prescribers, community connectors, service coordinators, third sector and voluntary organisation representatives, a general practitioner, occupational therapist, social enterprisers, academics and local area coordinators. Five themes were identified which revolved around stakeholders discussions of critical challenges pertaining to the delivery, provision, and evaluation of green social prescribing schemes in south Wales, UK. Tension between varying stakeholders was also evident, often preceded, or complicated by funding discrepancies, competition, and uncertainty. Stakeholders demanded clarity regarding evaluation outcomes and benchmarking across the sector. Conclusions: To ensure the continued provision of social prescribing schemes which are highly valued by service users, voluntary and third sector organisations require funding security and stability. The delivery of green, nature-based, schemes require maintenance of trusting, long-term relationships with local service co-ordinators and referrers, secure equitable funding models and agreement over conceptual basis of social prescribing itself, particularly in relation to 'where' social prescribing is located within health and social care models. Without resolution and positive progress across these areas the continuation of local green schemes within local communities, which build resilience and support positive change for service users' health and wellbeing, is questionable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To explore continuities and changes in gambling behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors that influenced these among a sample of regular sports bettors. Methods: A longitudinal qualitative study using in-depth interviews. Sixteen sports bettors living in Britain took part in the first interviews in July-November 2020, and 13 in the follow-up interviews in March-September 2021. Results: Individual patterns of gambling were episodic: it was common for gambling to increase during some periods of the pandemic and to decrease during others, reflecting the dynamic and (often) challenging circumstances which people were living through at the time. Changes and continuities in gambling during the pandemic were influenced by a range of factors which we have grouped into two main themes relating to 'gambling and the sports landscape' and 'disruption to day-to-day life'. It was common for a constellation of factors to influence gambling behaviour rather than a single factor. These constellations of factors varied from person to person and at different times during the pandemic. Conclusions: Findings of the present study are consistent with earlier literature examining gambling careers before the advent of COVID-19 showing that gambling trajectories are non-linear. Our research suggests that 'typical' patterns of gambling behaviour (e.g. being episodic), and the broader known risk and protective factors within individuals, families, communities and societies have been amplified during the pandemic. Findings highlight the adaptability of the gambling industry to continue to reach consumers through product offerings and marketing even in a period of unprecedented restrictions on supply, and show the potential resulting harms of these actions among gamblers at risk of experiencing gambling problems. Taken together, findings from this study provide important new insights relevant to discussions about gambling regulation, and support calls for multifaceted and comprehensive policy, regulatory, and treatment approaches, to minimise gambling-related harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Potentially zoonotic Mycobacterium spp. are impacting freshwater ornamental fish in Trinidad and Tobago. Clinical cases presented at the Aquatic Animal Health Unit of The University of the West Indies, School of Veterinary Medicine, from September 2011 to September 2018 indicated the presence of piscine mycobacteriosis in freshwater ornamental fish from locations throughout Trinidad and Tobago. Subsequently, an investigation was conducted from June 2018 to December 2021 to identify the specific Mycobacterium spp. involved. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify and later sequence the 723 bp of the rpoB. Analysis of region V of the rpoB offers similar discriminatory power as concatenation or whole genome analysis of Mycobacterium spp., and serves as an acceptable method for differentiating and discriminating between species in this genus. With respect to tank‐reared freshwater ornamental fish, this study identified M. fortuitum (98.8% identity), M. liflandii (100% identity), M. stomatepiae (97.2% identity), M. pseudoshottsii related (96.9% identity), two M. stomatepiae related (95.4% and 96.7% identity), M. immunogenum related (93.4% identity), and 17 M. insubricum related (91.4%–95.2% identity). Additionally, seven mycobacteria related to M. insubricum were identified in wild‐caught guppies. These findings suggest that both known, and potentially novel Mycobacterium spp. are circulating, and adversely impacting the local populations of freshwater ornamental fish in Trinidad and Tobago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusionDisease-related stigma is associated with poor mental health and wellbeing in people with Parkinson’s disease. Urdu language tools for measuring stigma are not yet available. The aim of this study was therefore to develop and validate an Urdu version of the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness-8 (SSCI-8).The Urdu SSCI-8 was developed following the ‘Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy’ translation procedure. To assess its reliability and validity, 250 people diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, aged 50–65 years, completed the Urdu SSCI-8, along with Urdu versions of depression and quality of measures.Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that a single factor solution provided a good fit to the data, with high internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha = 0.95), and good fit indices (RMSEA = 0.05, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.98, GFI = 0.96). Composite Reliability Co-efficient (0.95) and Average Variance Extracted (0.71) values indicated strong convergent reliability and validity. Scores on the Urdu SSCI-8 correlated positively with depression (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), and negatively with quality of life (r = −0.61, p < 0.001), indicating high levels of convergent and discriminant validity.The Urdu SSCI-8 is a reliable, valid, and culturally appropriate tool for measuring stigma among patients with Parkinson’s disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy treatment-related side effects are common and increase the risk of suboptimal outcomes. Exercise interventions during cancer treatment improve self-reported physical functioning, fatigue, anxiety, and depression, but it is unclear whether these interventions improve important clinical outcomes, such as chemotherapy relative dose intensity. The National Cancer Institute funded the Exercise and Nutrition to Improve Cancer Treatment-Related Outcomes (ENICTO) Consortium to address this knowledge gap. This article describes the mechanisms hypothesized to underpin intervention effects on clinically relevant treatment outcomes, briefly outlines each project's distinct research aims, summarizes the scope and organizational structure of ENICTO, and provides an overview of the integrated common data elements used to pursue research questions collectively. In addition, the article includes a description of consortium-wide activities and broader research community opportunities for collaborative research. Findings from the ENICTO Consortium have the potential to accelerate a paradigm shift in oncology care such that patients with cancer could receive exercise and nutrition programming as the standard of care in tandem with chemotherapy to improve relative dose intensity for a curative outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The inclusion of quality improvement (QI) and patient safety (PS) into CanMEDS reflects an expectation that graduating physicians are competent in these areas upon training completion. To ensure that Canadian postgraduate specialty training achieves this, the translation of QI/PS competencies into training standards as part of the implementation of competency-based medical education requires special attention. Methods: We conducted a cross-specialty, multi-method analysis to examine how QI/PS was incorporated into the EPA Guides across 11 postgraduate specialties in Canada. Results: We identify cross-specialty variability in how QI/PS is incorporated, positioned, and emphasized in EPAs and milestones. QI/PS was primarily referenced alongside clinical activities rather than as a sole competency or discrete activity. Patterns were characterized in how QI/PS became incorporated into milestones through repetition and customization. QI/PS was also decoupled, conceptualized, and emphasized differently across specialties. Conclusions: Variability in the inclusion of QI/PS in EPAs and milestones has important implications considering the visibility and influence of EPA Guides in practice. As specialties revisit and revise EPA Guides, there is a need to balance the standardization of foundational QI/PS concepts to foster shared understanding while simultaneously ensuring context-sensitive applications across specialties. Beyond QI/PS, this study illuminates the challenges and opportunities that lie in bridging theoretical frameworks with practical implementation in medical education, prompting broader consideration of how intrinsic roles and emergent areas are effectively incorporated into competency-based medical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine the experiences of international students taking courses during the COVID-19 pandemic amidst lockdowns, self-isolation, and the closure of international borders. We interviewed 15 students, mainly from South Asia, attending university in Atlantic Canada who could not return to their countries of origin before the travel restrictions were imposed. The findings expose major mental health issues the stranded international students faced and the impact on their well-being as well as educational attainment. The study has implications for mental health support systems in Christian universities but has also revealed that Christian compassion was a key coping mechanism for affected students. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to examine the experience of international students left stranded by COVID-19 restrictions in Atlantic Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To quantify variability in external stuttering and other stuttering symptoms and reactions within adults who stutter (AWS) across three fluency states. Method: A total of 130 AWS responded to an online survey that first asked them to rate their external stuttering severity when least fluent (LF), most naturally fluent (MNF), and when using fluency shaping (FS) techniques using a 9-point semantic differential scale. Fourteen subsequent questions probed a wide range of stuttering symptoms and listener reactions in reference to each of the three states. Results: High intra- and interindividual variability was observed across all items probed. Within AWS, for 13 of 14 symptoms and reactions, LF was associated with the most negative ratings and MNF with the most positive ratings. FS ratings consistently fell between LF and MNF. Importantly, many symptoms continued to be prominently displayed even in the MNF state. Conclusions: Findings provide a unique view of intra-individual variability in stuttering symptoms in reference to external stuttering severity. In addition, these data highlight the costs and benefits associated with using FS. Other clinical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to describe current strengths and gaps in services for children with feeding needs in Southeast Queensland, Australia from the perspective of key professionals involved in service design and provision. Methods: A web‐based survey was distributed to health professionals involved in providing services to children with feeding needs, staff who triaged/managed referrals, and/or service team leaders in Southeast Queensland. Results: There were 79 responses to the survey, with 61 of these responses included in the analysis. Respondents identified several strengths in paediatric feeding disorder (PFD) service provision, particularly in the quality of care available for children who met service eligibility requirements. However, respondents also described services as disjointed, with limited coordinated multidisciplinary care available. Respondents frequently described service limitations relating to public service eligibility criteria, long waiting lists, and scant communication between services. Gaps were reported in the care available for children with 'mild' feeding difficulties and/or children who were not considered medically complex. Respondents also identified gaps in services secondary to a limited number of confident and trained professionals offering PFD care, particularly in the private sector. Conclusions: This study described service providers' perceptions of available care for children with PFD in Southeast Queensland. Overall, the availability of PFD services appeared to be limited by eligibility criteria, service design, and staff capacity, suggesting that children with PFD are not receiving timely, multidisciplinary care in this geographical area. Further research into ideal service design is required to support preventative PFD care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the impact of the Production Code on Hollywood films, examining its role in shaping content and tone between 1930 and the mid-1950s. Topics include the historical context of the Code's adoption and decline, its influence on film style and content, and how filmmakers navigated its restrictions to subtly address themes of sex and violence.

The article focuses on the impact of the Hollywood Production Code on films like Only Yesterday (1933) and Letter from an Unknown Woman (1948). Topics include discrepant consciousness in melodrama, the moral implications of sexual morality in pre-Code films, and the differences in narrative representation between the two films, particularly regarding the characters' awareness of extramarital relationships and their consequences.

There is an ongoing debate regarding the necessity for sex‐segregated sports particularly in youth. However, there has been minimal evaluation of prepubertal sex‐based differences in the events of shot put, javelin throw, and long jump. Therefore, the top eight performances from the USA Track and Field National Youth Outdoor Championships and National Junior Olympic Championships during the years 2016–2023 for shot put, javelin throw, and long jump in the 8‐and‐under and 9–10‐year‐old age groups were analyzed for sex‐based differences. The 8‐and‐under males threw the shot put farther (P < 0.0001 and Hedges' g = 0.922) than females by 19.3% and the 9–10‐year‐old males threw the shot put farther (P = 0.016 and Hedges' g = 0.332) than females by 6.5%. The 8‐and‐under males threw the javelin farther (P < 0.0001 and Hedges' g = 1.269) than females by 32.6% and 9–10‐year‐old males threw the javelin farther (P < 0.0001 and Hedges' g = 1.169) than females by 23.5%. The 8‐and‐under males long jumped farther (P = 0.010 and Hedges' g = 0.359) than females by 4.7% and 9–10‐year‐old age males long jumped farther (P = 0.007 and Hedges' g = 0.552) than females by 3.9%. The average between sex differences were larger than the within sex differences between the first through fourth place finishers in all but 9–10‐year‐old shot put. In all events, the greatest individual distance for a male exceeded that for a female. Therefore, the present data indicate that, in elite competition, males in the 8‐and‐under and 9–10‐year‐old age groups typically performed long jump and throw the shot put and javelin farther than females of the same age. Highlights: Males in the 8‐and‐under age group outperformed females of the same ages by 19.3% in shot put, 32.6% in javelin throw, and 4.7% in long jump.Males in the 9–10‐year‐old age group outperformed females of the same ages by 6.5% in shot put, 23.5% in javelin throw, and 3.9% in long jump.The average differences between the first through fourth place finishers within males and within females were smaller than the sex‐based differences between males and females in all but 9–10‐year‐old shot put. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for sex‐segregated youth swimming is debated. A previous report indicates that male swimmers aged 10‐and‐under are 1%–2% faster than females in long course freestyle, butterfly, backstroke, and individual medley (IM), but not breaststroke events. Another report indicates that at age 10 males are 1%–2.5% faster than females in long course freestyle events. However, there are no evaluations for short course competitions. Therefore, the top eight performances for both sexes from the National Club Swimming Association Age Group Championships (a short course meet) for the years 2016–2023 in the 10‐and‐under age group were analyzed. Males were 1.16%–2.63% faster (p < 0.05; effect sizes 0.376–0.596) than females in the 50 yards (yd; 45.7 m), 100 yd (91.4 m), and 200 yd (182.9 m) freestyle, 100 yd backstroke, 50 yd breaststroke, 100 yd butterfly, and 100 and 200 yd IM. There were no significant sex‐based differences in the 500 yd (457.2 m) freestyle, 50 yd backstroke, 100 yd breaststroke, or 50 yd butterfly. The individual fastest time for a female was faster than for a male in the 50, 100, and 500 yd freestyle, 50 and 100 yd backstroke, 50 and 100 yd butterfly, and 100 yd IM. Although in eight out of 12 events the individual fastest times were from females, in eight out of 12 events the average male times were significantly faster. The present data suggest that although some exceptional individual 10‐and‐under female swimmers do exist, their performance is not representative of the typical sex‐based differences in swimming performance. Highlights: Males in the 10‐and‐under age group were 1.16%–2.63% significantly faster than females in the 50 yards (yd; 45.7 M), 100 yd (91.4 m), and 200 yd (182.9 m) freestyle, 100 yd backstroke, 50 yd breaststroke, 100 yd butterfly, and 100 and 200 yd individual medley (IM).The individual fastest time for a female was faster than for a male in the 50 yd (45.7 m), 100 yd (91.4 m), and 500 yd (457.2 m) freestyle, 50 and 100 yd backstroke, 50 and 100 yd butterfly, and 100 yd IM.The performance of the fastest under 10 years old female swimmers may not be representative of the overall sex‐based differences in prepubertal swimming performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goals: Advance care planning (ACP) procedure codes have been established to reimburse meaningful care goal discussions; however, the utilization frequency of these codes in neurological disease is unknown. The objective of this study is to identify the association between ACP codes and healthcare utilization in chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: This is a multicenter cohort study using real-world electronic health data. Using the TriNetX database, we collected electronic health data from 92 institutions in the United States. We included patients aged 65 and older who had been diagnosed with one of four neurological diseases: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Patients with congestive heart failure were included as a reference. From the 64,683,009 total patients in the database, 877,138 had Alzheimer's disease, 544,610 had Parkinson's disease, 208,341 had multiple sclerosis, 9,944 had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and 1,500,186 had congestive heart failure. For each disease, we compared hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits over a two-year period between patients with and without ACP codes documented. Then, in patients with ACP, we investigated the rates of hospitalizations and ED visits over the two years before ACP and two years after ACP to understand the impact of ACP on the healthcare utilization trend. All patients had records for at least two years after index. Principal Findings: The rate of ACP code documentation ranged from 1.8% of multiple sclerosis patients to 3.6% of Alzheimer's disease patients. After matching for demographic and health variables, usage of ACP codes was associated with significantly fewer hospitalizations for Alzheimer's disease patients. Across all diseases, there was a 20% to 30% decrease in ED visits, which was significant. Furthermore, there was a significant change in the trend of hospitalizations and ED visits for patients after ACP documentation. Patients went from increasing utilization before ACP documentation to decreasing utilization after documentation. Practical Applications: ACP billing codes are used infrequently in neurological disease, which may indicate that reimbursement alone is not sufficient to drive code usage. Usage of ACP billing codes was associated with decreased healthcare utilization, particularly in terms of ED visits. Beyond the primary objective of providing goal-concordant care, ACP may impact the economic burden of chronic neurodegenerative disease, which has high costs of care in our aging society. There may be particular benefits with Alzheimer's disease, which had an impact on both hospitalizations and ED visits and is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Future work is needed to better understand the best implementation strategy for ACP in a multifaceted approach that emphasizes patient care preferences for their illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionsThe present study seeks to explore the relationship between sexual fluidity and suicidal thoughts (STs) and behaviors (STBs) among adults in early and middle adulthood.This study utilized data from Waves IV and V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (ADD Health). Participants were categorized into four groups: (1) heterosexual at both waves, (2) sexual minority (SM) at Wave IV but heterosexual at Wave V, (3) heterosexual at Wave IV and SM at Wave V, and (4) SM at Wave IV and Wave V.Hierarchical logistic regression revealed that sexual fluidity between Waves IV and V was associated with STs. Those who were heterosexual-identifying at Wave IV but identified as an SM at Wave V were close to four times as likely to report STs at Wave V than were those who identified as heterosexual at both waves. Those who were an SM at Waves IV and V were almost twice as likely to report STs compared to those who were heterosexual at both waves. Additionally, χ2 results showed that suicide attempts (SAs) and sexual fluidity were associated. Similarly, SA prevalence was highest during periods in which participants identified as SMs.Transitioning into a sexually minoritized status is associated with increased risk of STBs, whereas transitioning into a nonminoritized status was not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FFLUX is a multipolar machine‐learned force field that uses Gaussian process regression models trained on data from quantum chemical topology calculations. It offers an efficient way of predicting both lattice and free energies of polymorphs, allowing their stability to be assessed at finite temperatures. Here the Ih, II and XV phases of ice are studied, building on previous work on formamide crystals and liquid water. A Gaussian process regression model of the water monomer was trained, achieving sub‐kJ mol−1 accuracy. The model was then employed in simulations with a Lennard‐Jones potential to represent intermolecular repulsion and dispersion. Lattice constants of the FFLUX‐optimized crystal structures were comparable with those calculated by PBE+D3, with FFLUX calculations estimated to be 103–105 times faster. Lattice dynamics calculations were performed on each phase, with ices Ih and XV found to be dynamically stable through phonon dispersion curves. However, ice II was incorrectly identified as unstable due to the non‐bonded potential used, with a new phase (labelled here as II′ and to our knowledge not found experimentally) identified as more stable. This new phase was also found to be dynamically stable using density functional theory but, unlike in FFLUX calculations, II remained the more stable phase. Finally, Gibbs free energies were accessed through the quasi‐harmonic approximation for the first time using FFLUX, allowing thermodynamic stability to be assessed at different temperatures and pressures through the construction of a phase diagram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the 2020 presidential election, sustained efforts to overturn outcomes culminated in the invasion of the United States Capitol. While scholars have long investigated the impact of news on support for left-leaning protests, it is critical to understand how political predispositions and news consumption relate to support for anti-democratic movements. Through a survey fielded one week after the invasion, we analyzed how ideology, attitudes about protesting in general, authoritarianism, and media habits relate to people's support for the movement, perceptions of its disruptiveness, and opinions about police response. Results show that conservative media have a strong unidirectional relationship, increasing support for the movement, while left-leaning or mainstream media impact is moderated by partisanship, which is related to increased support for liberals and decreased support for conservatives. We found authoritarianism related to support for Stop the Steal and perceptions of the police as too severe to suppress it. Evidence suggests elite cues and consumption of conservative media can legitimize insurrectionist movements, even among those who strongly oppose the right to protest overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of the teach-back method in improving communication between registered nurses and people receiving healthcare services in a community-based setting to address the issue of low health literacy. Design: A quasi-experimental study, pre- and post-test design with an intervention group and a comparison group was conducted to study the teach-back method and the quality of communication between registered nurses and people receiving healthcare services in a community-based setting. Methods: For the intervention group, the registered nurses integrated the teach-back method into the delivery of healthcare services to enhance communication with people who received services at various community-based sites. The comparison group received healthcare services at various community-based sites, without the teach-back method. A retrospective pre- and post-test questionnaire was administered to the participants in the study to measure communication with registered nurses. Findings: The post-test mean score (M = 5.58, SD =.743) of the intervention group was significantly higher than their mean pre-test score (M = 5.17, SD = 1.195), t(434) = -7.727, p <.001, Cohen's d =.371. The difference between the pre- and post-test mean scores of the comparison group was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings confirmed the effectiveness of the teach-back method for improving patient communication among people receiving healthcare services in a community-based setting. Clinical Evidence: Community health nurses can utilize the teach-back method while delivering healthcare services to improve patient communication and address health literacy among people in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational therapy practitioners who care for individuals post burn often prescribe home programs to facilitate continued progress toward occupational therapy goals. This study identified the components included in home programs, how practitioners create and prescribe home programs, and perceived supports and barriers to adherence in this population. Thirty-nine practitioners employed at American Burn Association-verified centers completed an online survey. Results suggest that home programs are primarily designed to address range of motion with less emphasis on function. The highest-ranked barriers to adherence were pain and lack of motivation while the highest-ranked supports were client motivation and family/caregiver support. Practitioners reported using handouts and demonstration frequently for delivery, with infrequent use of technology. Recommendations for incorporating evidence-based strategies into home program creation and administration are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) for teachers can improve classroom interactions, teacher mindfulness, and well-being, yet whether teacher focused MBIs also benefit children remains largely unexplored. This cluster randomized trial with 36 urban elementary schools, 224 K-5th grade teachers (Mage = 41.5) and 5200 children (Mage = 7.7 years, tested direct and moderated effects of the Cultivating Awareness and Resilience in Education (CARE) professional development program on eight child academic and social emotional outcomes, most teacher-reported. Positive effects of CARE were found for engagement in learning, motivation for learning, and reading competence. CARE was unexpectedly related to increased conflict. CARE teachers initially low in mindfulness reported children as higher on engagement, motivation, reading competence, and math competence compared to children of control group teachers low in mindfulness. Unexpectedly, CARE teachers high in mindfulness at baseline reported children as lower in social skills compared to high mindfulness teachers in the control condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: About 25% of palliative medication incidents involve continuous subcutaneous infusions. Complex structural and human factor issues make these risk-prone interventions. Detailed analysis of how this safety-critical care can be improved has not been undertaken. Understanding context, contributory factors and events leading to incidents is essential. Aims: (1) Understand continuous subcutaneous infusion safety incidents and their impact on patients and families; (2) Identify targets for system improvements by learning from recurrent events and contributory factors. Design: Following systematic identification and stratification by degree of harm, a mixed methods analysis of palliative medication incidents involving continuous subcutaneous infusions comprising quantitative descriptive analysis using the P at I ent SA fety (PISA) classification system and qualitative narrative analysis of free-text reports. Setting/participants: Palliative medication incidents (n = 7506) reported to the National Reporting and Learning System, England and Wales (2016–2021). Results: About 1317/7506 incidents involved continuous subcutaneous infusions with 943 (72%) detailing harms. Primary incidents (most proximal to patient outcomes) leading to inappropriate medication use (including not using medication when it was needed) were underpinned by breakdowns in three major medication processes: monitoring and supply (405, 31%), administration (383, 29%) and prescribing (268, 20%). Recurring contributory factors included discontinuity of care within and between settings, inadequate time, inadequate staffing and unfamiliarity with protocols. Psychological harms for patients and families were identified. Conclusions: System infrastructure is needed to enable timely supply of medication and equipment, effective coordinated use of continuous subcutaneous infusions, communication and continuity of care. Training is needed to improve incident descriptions so these pinpoint precise targets for safer care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are reproductive technologies on the horizon that challenge the fundamentals of human reproduction – the need for sperm, eggs, and someone to gestate the pregnancy. We argue that such technologies collectively undermine our conception of reproductive biosex as we know it. In this article, we (re)examine the attribution and determination of legal parenthood in assisted reproduction in light of such developments. The literature on these emerging reproductive technologies and practices has focused on ethical questions around their permissibility, and regulatory questions regarding access to such technologies. Consequently, there has been limited consideration of how these technologies and practices will challenge the framework that determines legal parenthood in assisted reproduction. We argue that the current legal framework is premised on a number of cis‐heteronormative assumptions about the idealised nuclear family and reproductive biosex. We illustrate three conceptual challenges to the law from the shifting nature of human reproduction: (1) the potential for reproductive biosexed roles to be deconstructed; (2) the potential for relatedness to be reimagined; and (3) the possibilities of disembodied reproduction. These challenges illustrate that we must revisit the foundations of the legal framework attributing legal parenthood in assisted reproduction: its purpose, its functions, and its basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the fifth article in a new series designed to provide readers with insight into educating nurses about evidence-based decision-making (EBDM). It builds on AJN 's award-winning previous series—Evidence-Based Practice, Step by Step and EBP 2.0: Implementing and Sustaining Change (to access both series, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A133). This follow-up series on EBDM will address how to teach and facilitate learning about the evidence-based practice (EBP) and quality improvement (QI) processes and how they impact health care quality. This series is relevant for all nurses interested in EBP and QI, especially DNP faculty and students. The brief case scenario included in each article describes one DNP student's journey. To access previous articles in this EBDM series, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A256. This article, the fifth in a series on how to teach and facilitate learning about evidence-based practice and quality improvement, discusses the last 2 phases of the critical appraisal process: synthesis and recommendation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing geographical and cultural diversity in research participation has been a key priority for psychological researchers. In this article, we track changes in participant diversity in developmental science over the past decade. These analyses reveal surprisingly modest shifts in global diversity of research participants over time, calling into question the generalizability of our empirical foundation. We provide examples from the study of early child development of the significant epistemic and ethical costs of a lack of geographical and cultural diversity to demonstrate why greater diversification is essential to a generalizable science of human development. We also discuss strategies for diversification that could be implemented throughout the research ecosystem in the service of a culturally anchored, generalizable, and replicable science. Public Significance Statement: Developmental psychology has been greatly limited by a lack of geographic and cultural diversity. This article discusses the costs of these limitations for what we know about human development and provides a roadmap for greater diversification. Expanding our base of knowledge about human development is significant and relevant to the population at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the challenges students face with time dependence in quantum mechanics, specifically in the context of Larmor precession of spin. This research informed the creation and evaluation of a learning tutorial aimed at helping students grasp these concepts using a two-state system. The tutorial utilizes visualization tools to enhance students' intuition and emphasizes the integration of qualitative and quantitative understanding. We also examine how students applied semi-classical or quantum mechanical reasoning in their answers and assess the improvement they showed after working with the tutorial. Editor's Note: Students face many challenges when studying quantum mechanics at the first time, including how theory and experiment are related. This article explores how expectation values evolve in time, focusing on the Larmor precession of spin-1/2 systems. This choice of system is ideal for a teaching schedule following a classical, history-based approach or a more recent approach where finite-dimensional spin systems are taught first. The authors have designed activities for students and interesting checks for the teachers. Early tests suggest that the interactive tutorials help students apply quantum mechanical concepts and recall the conclusions long after the activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Social determinants of health (SDOH), including social networks, impact disability and quality of life post-stroke, yet the direct influence of SDOH on functional change remains undetermined. We aimed to identify which SDOH predict change on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) within 90 days after stroke hospitalization. Methods: Stroke patients from the Transitions of Care Stroke Disparities Study (TCSDS) were enrolled from 12 hospitals in the Florida Stroke Registry. TCSDS aims to identify disparities in hospital-to-home transitions after stroke. SDOH were collected by trained interviewers at hospital discharge. The mRS was assessed at discharge, 30- and 90-day post-stroke. Multinomial logistic regression models examined contributions of each SDOH to mRS improvement or worsening (compared to no change) from discharge to 30- and 90-day, respectively. Results: Of 1190 participants, median age was 64 years, 42% were women, 52% were non-Hispanic White, and 91% had an ischemic stroke. Those with a limited social support network had greater odds of functional decline at 30 days (aOR = 1.39, 1.17–1.66), adjusting for age and onset to arrival time and at 90 days (aOR = 1.50, 1.10–2.05) after adjusting for age. Results were consistent after further adjustment for additional SDOH and participant characteristics. Individuals living with a spouse/partner had reduced odds of functional decline at 90 days (aOR = 0.74, 0.57–0.98); however, results were inconsistent with more conservative modeling approaches. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of SDOH, specifically having a greater number of individuals in your social network in functional recovery after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores temporalities and experiences of time drawn from an analysis of interview data from a critical narrative inquiry of the experiences of young adults living with home mechanical ventilation (HMV). The analysis centers the ideological effects of dominant discourses that shape understandings of time in the Euro-Western world and the ways in which young adults' stories prompt a rethinking of time in health research and praxis. Data generation involved interviews and photo-elicitation with five young adults (ages 18–40). A critical narrative analysis of participants' stories surfaced the influence of ableist, developmentalist, and neoliberal discourses of time and the creative resistance that points to the potential of crip orientations to time in opening up possibilities for living. Implications for practice and research are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]