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Background: Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is an effective treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have highly active disease, despite the use of standard disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). However, the optimal time for offering AHSCT to patients with 'aggressive' MS is yet to be established. Objectives: The objective was to explore the safety and efficacy of AHSCT as a first-line DMT in patients with 'aggressive' MS. Methods: All patients with 'aggressive' MS who received AHSCT as a first-line DMT in five European and North American centres were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Twenty patients were identified. The median interval between diagnosis and AHSCT was 5 (1–20) months. All had multiple poor prognostic markers with a median pre-transplant Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 5.0 (1.5–9.5). After a median follow-up of 30 (12–118) months, the median EDSS score improved to 2.0 (0–6.5, p < 0.0001). No patient had further relapses. Three had residual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disease activities in the first 6 months post-transplant, but no further new or enhancing lesions were observed in subsequent scans. Conclusion: AHSCT is safe and effective as a first-line DMT in inducing rapid and sustained remission in patients with 'aggressive' MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To report the prevalence and reversibility of pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormalities among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, refractory to therapy, undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods: Thirty-four SLE patients received 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and 90 mg/kg equine antithymocyte globulin followed by HSCT. PFTs were performed prior to, at 6 months, and yearly following HSCT.Results: The prevalence of significant PFT abnormalities was high (97%). Low FEV1 and FVC occurred in 26 of 34 patients (76%). A significant abnormality in diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) occurred in 26 of 32 individuals able to complete DLCO testing (81%). DLCO less than/equal to 50% of predicted occurred in 18 of 32 patients (56%). Of these 18 patients, 4 had no thoracic diagnosis and 7 had no pulmonary diagnosis. For 3 of 11 patients with a DLCO less than/equal to 50% of predicted and a prior pulmonary diagnosis, the only diagnosis had been pleurisy. Ten of the 34 patients (29%) identified the lung as a target organ of the lupus and carried a pulmonary diagnosis, as indicated in Table 1 [For actual table, see page 1682 of original document.]. Three patients had acute alveolar hemorrhage, four patients had acute lupus pneumonitis, two patients had shrinking lung syndrome (SLS), and one patient had SLE-related pulmonary hypertension. Of these 10 patients, 4 had received prior mechanical ventilation, and 7 had required home supplemental inspired oxygen. Patients have been monitored less than/equal to 77 months, and 28 patients have been monitored > 18 months after HSCT. Five of 28 patients had a normal entry FVC; for each, the FVC remains normal. Of the 23 patients with an abnormal baseline FVC, 18 have improved, 15 completely and 3 partially. Eight of these 18 patients also have improved DLCO. The two patients with a diagnosis of SLS and one patient with SLE-related pulmonary hypertension improved in both parameters. Only 5 of 23 patients with an abnormal FVC did not improve. Each of these five patients retained active lupus in spite of HSCT.Conclusion: The prevalence of lung impairment among SLE patients requiring long-term immune suppression is high. Following HSCT, pulmonary impairments can improve, which is sustained if disease control is sustained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]