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The Europeana digital library features cultural heritage collections from over 3,000 European institutions described in 37 languages. However, most textual metadata describe the records in a single language, the data providers' language. Improving Europeana's multilingual accessibility presents challenges due to the unique characteristics of cultural heritage metadata, often expressed in short phrases and using in-domain terminology. This work presents the EuropeanaTranslate project's approach and results, aimed at translating Europeana metadata records from 23 EU languages into English. Machine Translation engines were trained on a cleaned selection of bilingual and synthetic data from Europeana, including multilingual vocabularies and relevant cultural heritage repositories. Automatic translations were evaluated through standard metrics and human assessments by linguists and domain cultural heritage experts. The results showed significant improvements when compared to the generic engines used before the in-domain training as well as the eTranslation service for most languages. The EuropeanaTranslate engines have translated over 29 million metadata records on Europeana.eu. Additionally, the MT engines and training datasets are publicly available via the European Language Grid Catalogue and the ELRC-SHARE repository. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the Paralympic Games have been around for over 60 years, women remain underrepresented in almost all aspects of the Paralympic Movement. It has been suggested that a way to increase women's involvement is through the implementation of mixed-gender events. On paper, this approach makes sense. However, when it comes to the implementation of mixed-gender opportunities for women, it is less clear how effective these events are in increasing participation by women in Para sport. Through document analysis and interviews with athletes and organizers of mixed-gender Paralympic sport, we explore the various strategies that four mixed-gender sports have used to address the issue of gender parity. Using critical feminist theories, we illustrate how larger social, political, and cultural ideas about gender influence women's experiences within these events and discuss the potential of using mixed-gender initiatives to address gender parity within the Paralympic Movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article talks about the need for libraries to analyze their collections, programs, toys, and policies by doing a diversity audit that can function as a steppingstone towards an improved collection development policy. Topics include the concept of diversity audits in libraries, automated diversity audit service offered by several vendors, and the features of the diversity audit tool completed by Cooperative Computer Services (CCS).

Access to admission tests was greatly restricted during the COVID‐19 pandemic resulting in widespread adoption of test‐optional policies by colleges and universities. Many institutions adopted such policies on an interim or trial basis, as many others signaled the change would be long term. Several Ivy League institutions and selective public flagship universities have returned to requiring test scores from all applicants citing their own research indicating diversity and ensuring academic success of applicants can be best served by inclusion of test scores in the admissions process. This paper reviews recent research on the impact of test‐optional policies on score‐sending behaviors of applicants and differential outcomes in college and score sending. Ultimately, test‐optional policies are neither the panacea for diversity that proponents suggested nor do they result in a decay of academic outcomes that opponents forecast, but they do have consequences, which colleges will need to weigh going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The growing number of vulnerable migrants and refugees (VMRs) in the European Union presents challenges to healthcare systems, emphasizing the need for enhanced intercultural competence training for healthcare professionals. Educational escape rooms, using gamification-based principles, may offer an innovative solution to improve these competencies. Objective: This pilot study evaluates the acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of an educational escape room aimed at improving intercultural competence, self-efficacy, and knowledge among healthcare students and professionals caring for VMRs. Methods: A pre-post, single-group pilot study was conducted with 101 healthcare students and professionals, recruited through convenience sampling. Participants engaged in an educational escape room simulating a migratory crisis, designed to foster collaborative problem-solving under pressure. A newly validated questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention to measure changes in intercultural competence, self-efficacy, and knowledge. Paired t-tests were used to analyze pre-post differences, and thematic analysis explored participant feedback on the learning experience and the acceptability of the intervention. Results: Significant improvements were observed in intercultural competence (d = 1.13, p < 0.001), self-efficacy (d = 0.38, p = 0.001), and knowledge (d = 1.19, p < 0.001). Participants reported high engagement, satisfaction, and an enhanced understanding of healthcare challenges related to VMRs. The escape room was deemed acceptable. Conclusions: This pilot study provides evidence of the acceptability and effectiveness of an educational escape room in enhancing intercultural competence, self-efficacy, and knowledge. Further research with larger, more rigorous studies is recommended to confirm these findings and explore scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the experiences of three Latina women who migrated to the United States from different countries and navigated the challenges of raising their children in a cross-cultural environment while striving to preserve their cultural heritage and language. Through narrative interviews and thematic analysis, the study highlights the significance of language as a cultural bridge and the advantages of bilingualism in a multicultural society. The findings reveal that these mothers actively engage in teaching their children their native language, emphasizing the importance of language in maintaining cultural roots and connections with their home countries. They recognize the economic advantages of bilingualism, believing it provides their children with increased job opportunities and professional advantages. Additionally, the study underscores the sacrifices these mothers make for their children’s education and the crucial role of parental involvement in language development and cultural preservation. The findings have implications for policymakers, educators, and parents, emphasizing the importance of supporting bilingual education and recognizing the value of cultural diversity in society. By fostering bilingualism and cultural preservation, these mothers shape their children’s cultural identity, expand their opportunities, and prepare them for success in a diverse and globalized world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how world Englishes (WE) and translanguaging may be combined to enhance intercultural competence in Intercultural Communication. First, this paper reviews WE contributions to Intercultural Communication and explores the potential of translanguaging in facilitating intercultural competence in Intercultural Communication. Second, semi‐structured interviews were conducted to explore the perceptions and practices of WE, translanguaging, and intercultural competence in Intercultural Communication among Chinese university students with the aim to investigate how their experiences of WE and translanguaging enhance intercultural competence in Intercultural Communication within both local and global contexts. The findings revealed the possibility of integrating WE and translanguaging into the promotion of intercultural competence in Intercultural Communication. Such an integration of WE and translanguaging through the intercultural dimensions in English language learning can help enhance linguistic and cultural diversity, and equip individuals with the skills to effectively navigate the multilingual and multicultural world in response to diverse communicative needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diversity plays a pivotal role in shaping national curricula as it reflects the commitment to combat racism and ethnic discrimination. In China’s public higher education, the integration of multiculturalism (duoyuan wenhua 多元文化) into the Minzu 民族 university system exemplifies the nation’s efforts to recognize and embrace diversity. This study examines the academic landscape in Minzu higher education and its implications for inter-ethnic relations in China. It argues that a top-down ‘color-blind’ approach enforced within Minzu higher education fails to address structural inequalities associated with ethnicity. Despite the institutional emphasis on diversity through institutional multiculturalism, this study reveals a tendency to view ethnicity through a hierarchical lens that centers on the norms of the dominant ethnic group. This reflects the university’s strict regulation of discussions on ethnic topics. These findings underscore Minzu higher education’s capacity to reconcile ethnic diversity with the uniformity mandated by state-led multiculturalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the transition of college admissions testing from mandated to test-optional policies in the United States. It explores the historical background of standardized testing, the impact of test-optional policies on diversity and equity, and the challenges and considerations associated with admissions testing. The text raises questions about the fairness, validity, and predictive nature of standardized tests, as well as the implications of test-optional policies on college rankings and student access to higher education. It also highlights the need for further research and thoughtful implementation of alternative admission processes to ensure fairness and inclusivity in college admissions. [Extracted from the article]

Dancing to music is ancient and widespread in human cultures. While dance shows great cultural diversity, it often involves nonvocal rhythmic movements synchronized to musical beats in a predictive and tempo-flexible manner. To date, the only nonhuman animals known to spontaneously move to music in this way are parrots. This paper proposes that human-parrot similarities in movement to music and in the neurobiology of advanced vocal learning hold clues to the evolutionary foundations of human dance. The proposal draws on recent research on the neurobiology of parrot vocal learning by Jarvis and colleagues and on a recent cortical model for speech motor control by Hickock and colleagues. These two lines of work are synthesized to suggest that gene regulation changes associated with the evolution of a dorsal laryngeal pitch control pathway in ancestral humans fortuitously strengthened auditory-parietal cortical connections that support beat-based rhythmic processing. More generally, the proposal aims to explain how and why the evolution of strong forebrain auditory-motor integration in the service of learned vocal control led to a capacity and proclivity to synchronize nonvocal movements to the beat. The proposal specifies cortical brain pathways implicated in the origins of human beat-based dancing and leads to testable predictions and suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To translate the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale (RMRS) into Japanese and validate its applicability among Japanese healthcare professionals. Background: To overcome daily challenges in the field of healthcare, in which moral difficulties are routinely encountered, the development of intervention methods to address moral suffering and moral distress is crucial. Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional survey using a web‐based questionnaire. The RMRS‐16 was translated into Japanese and confirmed through back‐translation. Reliability analyses (Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]), confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), correlation analyses, t‐tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the validity of the scale. Results: Participants comprised 1295 healthcare professionals, including 498 nurses. All subscales and the total scale had acceptable reliability values (α ≥ 0.70). CFA supported the original four‐factor structure (response to moral adversity, personal integrity, relational integrity, and moral efficacy), with acceptable fit indices. The ANOVA results suggested that, among Japanese healthcare professionals, nurses and individuals from other professions showed lower average moral resilience scores compared to physicians, consistent with previous research on mental health and moral distress. In addition, women scored lower for moral resilience than men. However, the ICC values for the subscales of the RMRS were below acceptable levels, and the results of the standardized residual covariances also suggested a model misfit. Conclusion and Implications: The reliability, validity, and utility of the Japanese version of the RMRS were generally supported. However, there were areas at the item level that required structural examination. The current findings suggest that there are cultural differences in the concept of moral resilience. Therefore, for future cultural comparisons, the original four‐factor structure was maintained in the Japanese version without modifications. Further conceptual development of moral resilience is needed in Japanese healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilizes questionnaires, interviews, and universities’ web content and strategy documents to investigate the reasons behind the rise of English‐medium instruction in Türkiye's higher education and its implications for intercultural communication. It identifies students’ motives for choosing Türkiye, such as educational quality, cultural ties, and affordability, and universities’ aim to enhance their internationalization, linguistic and cultural diversity, reputation, and financial standing. Analysis of web pages shows that while introducing “Turkish culture,” universities often adopt an essentialist perspective that involves making nation‐level generalizations, which may risk perpetuating stereotypes. Analysis of the internationalization strategies reveals an emphasis on English for internationalization and frequent references to values and attitudes toward cultural diversity but little to no emphasis on intercultural skills and critical understanding. Universities are employing diverse efforts to attract international students, but there remains potential for more comprehensive strategies to cultivate intercultural competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humanity is facing rapid declines in both biodiversity and cultural diversity. As effective conservation policies often require strong public support, it is critical to understand whether individuals view diversity loss through a moral lens and whether they value diversity for its own sake, independent from instrumental or individual‐centric concerns. Across two studies (N = 796), we found that individuals assigned moral value to both biodiversity and cultural diversity. Individuals assigned greater moral value to animals, plants and – to a lesser extent – languages when diversity was threatened, compared to when it was not threatened, despite an equal number of entities at risk, and they were willing to sacrifice a large number of these entities to prevent a loss in diversity. Additionally, we found (N = 12,000) that a general concern for diversity underlies concern for both biodiversity and cultural diversity. These findings suggest that emphasizing the inherent value of diversity may be effective for increasing public support for conservation of diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: Food security is a multidimensional issue, crucially underpinned by cultural acceptability, which significantly affects emotional well‐being and social integration. This study was motivated by the persistent challenge faced by refugee and immigrant communities in accessing culturally appropriate food, a critical aspect often overlooked by food assistance programmes. This gap both hinders nutritional intake and impedes the emotional and social well‐being of these vulnerable populations. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the alignment between the cultural dietary preferences of refugee and immigrant communities in Syracuse, New York, and the offerings of local food aid programmes, specifically focusing on culturally appropriate fresh produce. It sought to understand the extent to which food assistance meets the cultural needs of these communities, thereby informing potential improvements in food security practices and policy. Approach and Methods: Using a mixed‐methods approach, the study collected quantitative and qualitative data. Surveys were conducted with 35 refugee and immigrant women to quantitatively assess the availability and suitability of culturally specific food items within local food bank programmes. In addition, qualitative insights were derived through focus group discussions with eight of these participants. This dual‐method approach allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of both perceived and actual gaps in service provision. Findings: The findings highlighted a significant gap between the fresh produce provided by the food assistance programmes and the cultural dietary needs of the participants. Although these programmes provide essential nutrition, they often neglect to accommodate the cultural preferences of diverse communities. This emphasizes the urgent need for food aid initiatives to integrate cultural preferences, enhancing the acceptability of food aid and supporting the psychological adjustment of refugees and immigrants to new environments. Policy Implications: This study underscored the need for policy‐makers and food assistance programmes to prioritize cultural appropriateness alongside nutritional adequacy. It recommended the adoption of more inclusive food distribution practices that recognize and respect the cultural diversity of beneficiaries. Such practices are crucial, not only for improving the nutritional and psychological outcomes of refugees and immigrants but also for fostering their integration and participation in the community. Establishing policies that encourage the inclusion of culturally diverse food options can significantly enhance the effectiveness of food security efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the changes in sleep health domains and examine the associations between the repeated measures and intraindividual variability (IIV) of these domains and perceived stress. Participants: A diverse racial and ethnic group of first-year college students (N = 23, 78.3% female, aged 17–18) attending in-person classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Sleep health domains were determined using 7-day wrist actigraph and daily sleep diaries, and perceived stress scale was completed at 1-month intervals across 3 months. Results: Sleep timing, regularity, and alertness during daytime demonstrated statistically significant changes between three timepoints. Greater stress was associated with more irregularity (B = 2.25 [.87–3.62], p <.001), more dissatisfaction in sleep (B =.04 [.02–.19], p <.01), alertness during daytime (B =.18 [.05–.31], p <.001), and greater IIV (ie, fluctuations) in sleep satisfaction (B =.083 [.02,.15], p <.01). Conclusion: These findings offer insights for future researchers to facilitate intervention development to promote mental and sleep health among college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educators and parents are encouraged to arrange language‐rich environments, which provide children with exposure to language that is diverse in form and function and with repeated opportunities to emit verbal responses under a variety of conditions. Intraverbal relations constitute a large portion of these verbal interactions and may include compound antecedent verbal stimuli. Prior research has shown that responding may come under the control of limited features of compound antecedent stimuli, which may be evident when responding does not occur in the presence of individual elements or emergent performances (e.g., symmetrical relations) are absent. The current study evaluated the effects of alternating convergent intraverbal (CIV) and tact by feature, function, or class sessions on emergent tact performances in a game‐like arrangement. Participants included four children exhibiting expressive language deficits. The results revealed that correct responding on CIV trials did not consistently predict tact performances for the same targets. These findings highlight the need for additional research on the effective arrangement of compound stimuli in early educational interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do some political rulers engage in frequent shuffling of their governors while others allow their governors to serve longer? We argue that shuffling of governors reflects the level of a ruler's perception of insecurity. Building on perspectives about situational origins of distrust and paranoid cognition, we argue that democratic leaders, characterized by higher levels of existential security, practice less frequent shuffling of governors compared to authoritarian ones. We also suggest that governors in localities characterized by higher levels of ethnic conflict and poor electoral performance by a ruling government are more likely to be replaced. Utilizing an original dataset of all Ottoman and Turkish governors from 1875 to 2019, our empirical analyses show that governors last longer under more democratic governments, in provinces with lower levels of ethnic diversity conflict, and stronger electoral support for the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior work has shown Americans have higher levels of memory specificity than East Asians. Neuroimaging studies have not investigated mechanisms that account for cultural differences at retrieval. In this study, we use fMRI to assess whether mnemonic discrimination, distinguishing novel from previously encountered stimuli, accounts for cultural differences in memory. Fifty-five American and 55 Taiwanese young adults completed an object recognition paradigm testing discrimination of old targets, similar lures and novel foils. Mnemonic discrimination was tested by comparing discrimination of similar lures from studied targets, and results showed the relationship between activity in right fusiform gyrus and behavioural discrimination between target and lure objects differed across cultural groups. Parametric modulation analyses of activity during lure correct rejections also indicated that groups differed in left superior parietal cortex response to variations in lure similarity. Additional analyses of old vs. new activity indicated that Americans and Taiwanese differ in the neural activity supporting general object recognition in the hippocampus, left inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. Results are juxtaposed against comparisons of the regions activated in common across the two cultures. Overall, Americans and Taiwanese differ in the extent to which they recruit visual processing and attention modulating brain regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the United States contends with racism and a social justice reckoning, the need to advance our understanding of how to build structural resilience continues to be pressing. This article proposes a culturally and structurally informed model of resilience for individuals with minoritized identities that integrates social–ecological and minority stress models. First, common stressors and traumas experienced by minoritized individuals at multiple levels of proximal/distal influence are reviewed: microsystem (e.g., family rejection), mesosystem (e.g., community-based discrimination), exosystem (e.g., barriers to health care), macrosystem (e.g., harmful legal policies), and chronosystem (e.g., historical legacy). Next, how these exposures have cascading effects on minority stress processes (e.g., discriminatory policies in the macrosystem affect how a child is socialized in the microsystem) are considered. Then, modifiable factors (e.g., community cohesion) that promote resiliency in the face of ongoing exposures are discussed. To conclude, guidelines are offered for advancing the psychological science of resilience in minoritized groups including mixed methods to reflect participants' experiences, ecological approaches to assess resilience, and multilevel modeling to understand the interplay between the social–ecological context and individual factors. Public Significance Statement: Minority stress has been historically excluded from seminal theories of resilience. This article proposes a social–ecological model of structural resilience to minority stress for guiding conceptual and methodological approaches to studying multiple systems of proximal and distal influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extant empirical evidence indicates that multicultural experiences (MCEs) are linked to numerous positive outcomes, including increased trust, reduced intergroup bias, and the promotion of large‐scale cooperation. These beneficial effects partly depend on the fact that increased MCEs enhance cultural sensitivity, which may enable individuals to better empathize with others. Therefore, we explored the beneficial effects of MCEs on empathy, along with the potential mechanisms. A sample of 1480 Chinese young adults (M = 21.40, SD = 1.86) were employed to complete anonymous questionnaires on their MCEs, positive emotions, critical thinking, empathy, and multicultural breadth. By controlling for gender and family socioeconomic status, parallel mediation analysis revealed that MCEs can independently influence individuals' levels of empathy through both positive emotions and critical thinking. Thereafter, multicultural breadth was determined as a moderator influencing this model. The results highlighted the role of MCEs in increasing empathy through their relationship with cognitive and emotional processes. This study is significant in expanding our understanding of the consequences of MCEs and has practical value in promoting more interpersonal harmony and social tolerance through enhanced empathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the text of a speech by Dr. Bernard P. Dreyer in receiving the Joseph W. St. Geme, Jr Leadership Award, presented by the Federation of Pediatric Organizations at the Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting in Toronto, Ontario on May 3, 2024. He discussed why he felt honored in receiving the award, his privilege to be a pediatrician, and their major advocacy for reducing child poverty.

Infant Mental Health Home Visiting (IMH-HV) is a needs-driven, relationship-based home visiting intervention with demonstrated positive outcomes for parents and young children. Prior research found that higher therapeutic alliance (TA) was associated with improved program retention and provider race affected TA and retention for clients. The objective of this quality improvement project was to inform improvements to IMH-HV provider trainings to better prepare providers to effectively engage and support diverse families. Focus groups or individual interviews were completed with 18 providers and 7 clients (parents/caregivers). Participants self-selected into one of three groups offered separately to providers and clients: White identifying, Black identifying and Non-Specified identity groups. A racially diverse, interdisciplinary team facilitated focus groups and interviews and conducted thematic analysis of the data. Analysis identified barriers and opportunities for effective engagement of clients: when providers and clients are of different racial/ethnic backgrounds, provider attempts to forge a connection may make families feel 'othered'; providers may not see their racial identity as salient, yet it influences their practice and the establishment of rapport with families; patience, tolerating discomfort, and allowing a family to determine whether the provider can be trusted are key. Effective IMH-HV practice with clients of diverse backgrounds requires a high level of self-understanding on the part of providers. Enhancing training to promote deeper consideration of both the perspectives of diverse clients and the salience of one's own identity has potential to reduce barriers to TA, improve program retention, and address health disparities. Significance: Therapeutic alliance, or the working relationship between parents and infant mental health home visitors, is associated with program retention. Differences between white and Black/African American home visitors' ratings of therapeutic alliance with their clients suggest that white home visitors may feel less equipped to work with families from diverse backgrounds. This report adds to understanding of barriers to therapeutic alliance within the context of IMH-HV in Michigan. Findings can be applied to improve IMH-HV training and better prepare home visitors to engage and support diverse families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the present study was twofold: to determine if deficits in motor skill proficiency and learning were present in 2-year-old children identified with early expressive language delay compared to peers without the delay, and to distinguish how motor skill proficiency and learning behaviors may manifest differently across culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Method: The study involved 54 children (24–36 months of age), 23 of whom were identified as having an expressive language delay. Furthermore, 16 participants were American and English-speaking and 38 were Israeli and Hebrewspeaking. After motor and language skill proficiency was assessed using a variety of measures, each child and participating parent were introduced to a nonsymmetrical-shaped insertion task so that motor learning skills could be observed. This block insertion task was observed for each child at three time points and included a transfer task (same task, new nonsymmetrical shape). Results: Children with early expressive language delay were statistically significantly more likely to exhibit deficits in fine-motor proficiency than peers without language delay, regardless of country of origin or language spoken. Furthermore, participants with language delay demonstrated significantly higher error rates in transfer task completion compared with peers. Finally, participants in the U.S. sample indicated lower fine-motor skills and higher error rates than those in the Israeli sample. Conclusion: Differences in motor skill proficiency were universally associated with language delay status, indicating support for the notion that language acquisition deficits may extend beyond the linguistic system even in young children identified as late talkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vaccination is one of the most impactful public health interventions globally. To ensure equitable access to vaccines for all children, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in 1974 as a guiding framework for member states. The EPI has saved over 50 million lives in the WHO African Region over its 50-year history. Despite current progress, most countries in the WHO African Region are still not on track to achieve the targets of the Immunization Agenda 2030. Research has been identified as an important tool for enhancing immunization performance and it's included as part of the strategic priorities of the IA2030. During a recently concluded immunization programme managers' meeting of East and Southern African countries, held from 25 to 27 June 2024, a discussion was held on vaccine and immunization-related research. We provide insights into suggested research priorities by immunization managers for the WHO African Region. Dedicated national and regional research agendas for vaccine and immunization research may need to be strengthened. Additionally, most countries will need capacity building for developing national research priority agendas within their national immunization programmes, ensuring that the needs, concerns, and contextual issues of the population are considered. While most of the suggested research priorities focused primarily on potential implementation research, other topics included the impact of vaccination and vaccine safety. Overall, there is need for broader stakeholder consultations to ensure that research prioritization is comprehensive to inform all the programme pillars in immunization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This qualitative, phenomenological study explored the lived experience of the intersectionality of ageism and racism among older adults, with a focus on interpersonal experiences. Fifteen participants 60+ years of age (M = 67, SD = 7.45) in the U.S. Mountain West identifying as Black, Latino(a), Asian-American/Pacific Islander, or Indigenous engaged in a 1-hour interview. A three-cycle, inductive coding process involved five coders who independently coded interviews and engaged in critical discussion to resolve disagreements. An audit trail, member checking, and peer debriefing enhanced credibility. Findings: The results detail four umbrella themes and nine subthemes. The subthemes demonstrate experiences of the intersectionality of ageism with racism reflected through (1) increased disrespect, (2) cultural differences in respect for elders, (3) tokenization, (4) physical appearance, (5) being ignored or discriminated against due to others' discomfort, (6) intersecting experiences of pity, hate, and violence, (7) unspoken bias (including racial profiling), (8) microaggressions: questioning intelligence/ability, and (9) microaggressions: slurs. Multiple themes highlighted how ageism may be racialized through stereotypes related to mental (in)capability. Applications: Social work practitioners and researchers can apply the findings from this study to explore interventions aimed at reducing interpersonal, racialized ageist microaggressions related to mental incapability. At the community level, anti-racism and anti-ageism initiatives should collaborate by applying an enhanced understanding of the ways ageism and racism intersect through pity, hate, and violence particularly in public settings such as shopping centers. The findings from this study can also help shape policies aimed at reducing racial profiling and hate crimes toward older adults of color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text explores the evolution of U.S. suburbs from being perceived as havens of privilege before the 1960s to facing challenges in the 1970s and 1980s due to increasing fears of environmental and societal threats. The disappearance of children like Etan Patz and Adam Walsh heightened these fears, leading to increased surveillance and security measures in suburban neighborhoods. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 saw a resurgence of suburban privilege as many people moved from cities to suburbs, impacting housing availability and affordability. The text suggests that addressing housing affordability in suburbs requires innovative solutions and public policy interventions. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Globalization has increased the importance of multicultural research to address health disparities and improve healthcare outcomes for underrepresented communities. The International Nursing Network for HIV Research (The Network) serves as a platform for researchers to collaborate on cross-cultural and cross-national HIV studies. This article discusses the Network's approach to overcoming barriers in multicultural and multinational research in a qualitative context. Methods: The network created a protocol to guide decision-making throughout the translation process of qualitative data collected from participants in their native languages. The protocol includes aspects of why, when, what, who, how, where, and by what means the translation is completed. Results: The protocol has allowed researchers to enhance the validity, reliability, and cultural sensitivity of translation process, ensuring the clarity and impact of their research findings. Discussion: Rigorous translation practices promote cross-cultural understanding and respect for participants' perspectives, fostering global collaborations and knowledge exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nurses are now more likely to leave their current role in direct patient care than they were before the COVID-19 pandemic. Country culture and the organization of health care systems drive nurses' decisions to leave or stay in the profession. Methods: In a fall 2020 survey of nurse professional quality of life, a content analysis of responses to the open-ended question, " What has been challenging or rewarding during this pandemic experience?" was performed. Results were organized within Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory. Results: Six hundred and fifty-six nurses across five countries responded to the question; 526 comments were analyzed. Most (53.6%) respondents were staff bedside nurses. Themes, such as Distress and Fatigue and Building and Experiencing Social Capital were found and understood to reflect cultural values and dimensions such as Uncertainty Avoidance and Power Distance. Discussion: Recommendations include strengthening culturally tailored leadership knowledge to inform and facilitate countries' nurse retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regulatory processes can be stressful, anxiety provoking, and complicated for the health professional involved, the institutions they work for, and for the regulators. Methods: This paper uses a case study to describe a systems approach to comprehensively identify the agents (ie: the complainant, the health professional concerned, the regulator dedicated to the case, the institution, the healthcare profession, the public, and the regulatory authority) and 6 ethical issues that emerge during the regulatory process: potential to cause harm, not in the best interest of a person, affects autonomy, unjust, not truthful, and loss of trust. Results: A systems approach lends to a mental model in which there are dynamic interactions across these elements accompanied by positive and negative feedback loops that maintain overall stability of the whole system. Conclusions: The process can be further refined and kinder to those concerned by developing a sensitive approach to improve assessment of risks, using feedback to improve the regulatory process, adapting transparent procedures, not causing undue delays to the process, embedding regulatory activities in a patient safety system, minimizing individual blame, using non-legalistic, non-threatening and respectful communications, and directing the different actors to a support network for guidance and advice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnic identity is theorized to be a critical aspect of human development and is shown to be associated with health and well-being. The Ethnic Identity Scale is a widely used measure that assesses key aspects of ethnic identity development (Umaña-Taylor et al., 2004). The Multicultural Identity Integration Scale (MULTIIS) is a measure that has been more recently developed to assess key aspects of identity integration for individuals with multicultural identities (Yampolsky et al., 2016). Despite the ongoing utilization of these instruments, a comprehensive psychometric evaluation within Multiracial populations has yet to be established in extant literature. Addressing this gap, the present study aims to examine the internal consistency, factor structure, and other psychometric characteristics of the Ethnic Identity Scale and MULTIIS within a sample of 1,012 Multiracial adults in the United States. The majority of the sample identified as female (67.5%, n = 683), straight (80.1%, n = 798), having attained less than a college degree (62.3%, n = 627), and having a household income less than $60,000 (57.4%, n = 552). The majority of participants (55%, n = 557) were classified as having White and non-White racial/ethnic backgrounds, 45.0% (n = 455) as non-White. Findings suggest the Ethnic Identity Scale fits the data poorly by all measures, despite supporting the three-factor structure recommended in the original study; the MULTIIS fits the data acceptably by all measures and supports both a three-factor first-order and eight-factor second-order structure recommended in the original study. Analyses of the MULTIIS three-factor first-order model's measurement invariance across race, gender, educational attainment, and household income identified variance for specific latent factors. Overall, the MULTIIS performed acceptably; however, studies relying on the MULTIIS should account for differential measurement. Implications for clinical, scientific, and public health practice are discussed. Public Significance Statement: Racial, ethnic, and cultural identity development are increasingly recognized as integral to the health and well-being of racially minoritized populations. The study highlights a significant gap in the assessment of ethnic and cultural identity, showing that current measurement tools might not be suitable or may need careful interpretation for Multiracial individuals. With the increasing growth of Multiracial populations in the United States, it is vital to ensure that these tools are appropriate for use with this diverse group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM The aim of this study was to examine the impact of reverse-role simulation on nursing students' empathy levels toward ethnoculturally diverse patients. BACKGROUND Empathy is an essential component of culturally competent care; however, it is often left out of cultural competence education. Enhancing nursing students' cultural empathy may benefit students and patients. METHOD The study used a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design in a private nursing school in the Northeast. The sample consisted of 37 undergraduate nursing students. RESULTS Pretest and posttest scores were statistically different, indicating a significant increase in the students' ethnocultural empathy, t(36) = -3.20, p = .003. CONCLUSION This study supports using reverse-role simulation as an effective teaching strategy to enhance nursing students' empathy toward ethnocultural diverse patients. Placing students in the "shoes" of an ethnoculturally diverse patient can increase their empathy levels and enhance cultural competence education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The literature indicates an increasing interest in the mental health of refugees (R) and asylum seekers (AS) – particularly how it could be affected by previous exposure to trauma and violence – but less has been written about the issues they are forced to face during the post-migration period and how these also can affect mental health. Research shows that the mental health of R/AS is highly influenced by their post-migration conditions and may deteriorate due to post-migration social health-related determinants; in addition, a lack of language skills, discrimination, separation from family, poverty, and other stressors can contribute to social isolation. The difficulty in asking for help in case of psychological distress and, consequently, in accessing care, contributes to the worsening of their clinical condition. Aims: The primary purpose of this study is to identify and provide a review of the clinical tools used to screen migrants (R/AS) at risk of developing psychological distress, identifying post-migration difficulties. Methods: We searched studies in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane (Central), and Cinahl (ultimate) with the last search on 14 April 2023, using a combination of keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Results: Our systematic search identified 1,878 records. After removing duplicates, we screened 1,238 records by title and abstract, retaining 97 for full text review. Of these, 68 met full eligibility criteria (1995–2023). A total of 30 social scales have been identified, as well as structured or semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. Translated into multiple languages, the tools can be self-administered or administered by trained professionals. PMLD is known for its effectiveness in evaluating the post-migration period and predicting mental health issues. Conclusions: Considering the limited number of studies and, consequently, the limited number of tools found, it can be inferred that not enough attention is given to post-migration in the broader sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuing Education (CE) aims to help health professionals fulfill their ethical responsibility of maintaining professional competence. This research compares the CE guidelines and standards of 11 health professional organizations in relation to five domains of evolving professional values: ethics, cultural diversity, social justice, interprofessionalism, and self-care. Results showed that ethics received the greatest attention across the CE standards, followed by interprofessionalism and cultural diversity. This study offers a starting point for CE accreditors to examine the extent to which their CE standards align with their profession's stipulated values, and to situate themselves within the broader context of health profession accreditors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The best-possible-self (BPS) intervention has been shown to promote well-being, optimism, and positive affect. However, most research was conducted in Western countries, and its effectiveness in people from Eastern countries has been questioned. In this study, we examined the effect of BPS on young adults from mainland China. We also investigated the moderating effect of cultural orientation, self-efficacy, and trait optimism and the mediating effect of state optimism and goal-related cognitions. Seventy participants were randomly assigned to the BPS or the control condition. In contrast to previous studies, the BPS did not lead to higher positive affect or well-being in Chinese, but rather to decreased negative affect and negative future expectations. No significant moderating or mediating effect was found. This study indicated that the effects of BPS might differ across cultures. Future studies may consider a longer session and qualitative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors share examples of local contexts that could contribute to the shaping of neurodiversity paradigms and movements in East Asia, complementing examples in other non-Western regions. Cited are the complexity of the linguistic nuances of the translated terms about autism in the historical and social-cultural contexts, the contribution of linguistic differences to the shaping of autism identities, and the difference of autism advocacy efforts by linguistic and social-cultural contexts.

The aim of this qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) is to critically appraise the contemporary literature to gain a comprehensive understanding of the barriers and enablers of workplace integration needs of internationally educated nurses (IENs). An electronic search was conducted across multiple databases, and eligibility criteria were applied to identify papers published between January 2013 and July 2023. Out of the 830 studies initially retrieved, six met the inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. Thematic analysis of the included studies revealed various barriers and enablers for workplace integration experienced by IENs. Barriers were: (a) IEN-related factors (cultural differences, language barriers, and disparities in the scope of nursing practice), (b) organizational factors (poor leadership), and (c) contextual factors (racism and discrimination). Enablers emerged were: (a) IEN-related factors (commitment to learn and adapt) and (b) organizational factors (structured multifaceted program, supportive workplace environment, and mentorship). Dynamic interaction exists among these factors, therefore interventions should address multiple barriers simultaneously. The QES has illuminated essential factors which impact the integration of IENs, and emphasizes the necessity of a comprehensive approach that considers the diverse challenges and opportunities that arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ACT RCTs in LMIC journals show the importance of focusing on LMIC research. • Machine learning analysis of abstracts showed diverse topics from different countries. • Research in LMICs is often nonindexed, leading to lower citations. • Ignoring non-indexed LMIC studies distorts evidence-based intervention. • Affirmative action needed from psychology professional associations and journal editors. Despite the global nature of psychological issues, an overwhelming majority of research originates from a small segment of the world's population living in high-income countries (HICs). This disparity risks distorting our understanding of psychological phenomena by underrepresenting the cultural and contextual diversity of human experience. Research from lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is also less frequently cited, both because it is seemingly viewed as a "special case" and because it is less well known due to language differences and biases in indexing algorithms. Acknowledging and actively addressing this imbalance is crucial for a more inclusive, diverse, and effective science of evidence-based intervention. In this state-of-the-science review, we used a machine learning method to identify key topics in LMIC research on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), choosing ACT due to the significant body of work from LMICs. We also examined one indication of study quality (study size), and overall citations. Research in LMICs was often nonindexed, leading to lower citations, but study size could not explain a lack of indexing. Many objectively identified topics in ACT research became invisible when LMIC research was ignored. Specific countries exhibited potentially important differences in the topics. We conclude that strong and affirmative actions are needed by scientific associations and others to ensure that research from LMICs is conducted, known, indexed, and used by CBT researchers and others interested in evidence-based intervention science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the final issue of 2024, which compiles nine insightful articles that delve into critical themes in social work practice and policy. Topics include the identity construction of social workers, client perceptions of care, reflexive analyses of participatory research methodologies, and the lived experiences of diverse individuals, emphasizing the significance of context and critical reflection in ethical social work.

This article explores the conceptualization of cultural responsivity in Australian child protection through the critical Whiteness theory lens. Critical discourse analysis was deployed to examine the cultural responsivity concept in two statutory child protection documents from New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Interrogating the underlying assumptions present in the texts, the study demonstrated a narrow categorization of who is deemed 'culturally diverse' and a problematic conceptualization of cultural responsivity. We argue that these texts maintain Whiteness as the unexamined cultural norm and can reinforce the 'Othering' effect and racial disproportionality in the child protection system. We conclude with a call to practitioners to remain critical of the widely accepted concepts that inform their practice, such as cultural responsivity to avoid reinforcing racial inequality through their practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green burial is an emerging practice in Zimbabwe and is being encouraged as a strategy for enhancing sustainable land use. This study explores stakeholder perceptions towards green burial and its implications on environmental sustainability. Interview data was collected from a purposively selected sample of 26 participants drawn from Harare and Bulawayo, the major metropolitan cities in Zimbabwe. The results of the study showed that the most promising route to promote green burial is through religion by invoking the principles of spirituality and ecological faith. Green burial was also perceived to be more affordable suggesting that cost effectiveness may be used as a positioning strategy. Cultural beliefs and lack of green burial infrastructure were identified as the main inhibiting factors. The findings of this study point to the need for stakeholders to explore strategies to reconcile the conflict between green burial and cultural beliefs. The development of green burial legislation and supporting infrastructure is recommended as a way of promoting the mainstream adoption of the green burial practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to understand one's and others' cultural conditioning is essential to developing culturally responsive clinical practice. One means to do this is through ingroup discussion about a shared social identity. This study examines the impact of affinity groups on critical and cultural consciousness among student trainees in a doctoral clinical psychology program. For 6 weeks, 13 participants convened weekly in small identity-related affinity groups, discussing a shared identity using a list of provided prompts. Written reflections of the groups were analyzed, and seven themes emerged: initial apprehension, positive experience, intimacy and safe space, commonality of experience, exploration of intersectionality, group connection and expansiveness, and conscientization of self and other. The groups served as positive, supportive spaces of identity-based enlightenment, with exploration of the interconnectedness of social identities, and deepened insight regarding societal positioning and impact. Implications of the use of affinity groups to develop cultural and critical consciousness within trainees are discussed. Public Significance Statement: This article spotlights affinity groups as a mechanism that clinical psychology instructors and training programs might institute to develop cultural and critical consciousness in student trainees. Building individual capacity for multicultural and structural awareness of self and others contributes to developing clinicians with deeper cultural insight and more readiness to examine how social identities are experienced, and therapeutic environments in which clients with intersecting identities are seen and heard for their layered experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandatory reporting, a cornerstone of child protection, is intended to safeguard the welfare of children; however, the existing framework often fails to adequately consider the diverse needs and circumstances of marginalized families. This article highlights the need for greater attention related to reporting cases of suspected child maltreatment and advocates for a paradigm shift in training psychologists, highlighting diversity and multicultural competence as integral components. Drawing on a comprehensive review of literature, we shine a critical light on systemic failures of the child welfare system for marginalized families, including families of color and those living in poverty. When contemplating reporting, we urge trainees to consider how reporting bias might influence accurate reporting and highlight the importance of distinguishing between poverty and neglect. Through the application of a case example, we provide a nuanced discussion of an ethical decision-making process grounded in research that considers psychologists' legal and ethical responsibilities with particular attention to diversity variables. We conclude the article by providing teaching and training recommendations pursuant to the ethical and legal ramifications of mandatory reporting. The recommendations embrace ethical principles and prioritize diversity in mandatory reporting practices for a more just and equitable approach to child protection. Public Significance Statement: This article advances ethical decision-making training practices by increasing awareness of the often unaddressed nuances in cases of suspected child maltreatment. Psychologists, in their roles as supervisors and educators, can heed the recommended classroom activities and ethical decision-making process presented in this article to ensure a more sound ethical decision-making process while minimizing bias and risk of harm to clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of loneliness varies widely across Western societies. However, the underlying sources of these cross-national disparities are still the subject of debate. In particular, recent advances in the literature put emphasis on exploring the moderating role of country-level characteristics for a better understanding under which condition individual-level factors predict loneliness. One such predictor for loneliness is neighborhood cohesion as perceiving the community as reciprocal and supportive has a large protective potential against loneliness. The present study links these lines of research and explores how three country-level characteristics (i.e. norms of cultural pluralism, welfare spending, and internet penetration rates) explain cross-national disparities in loneliness and whether they exert a moderating influence on the relationship between neighborhood cohesion and loneliness. By running linear multilevel models using data from the European Social Survey (N = 45042) as well as Eurostat Data, we find that all three country-level characteristics explain national disparities in loneliness as well as neighborhood cohesion. However, only norms of cultural pluralism moderate the association between neighborhood cohesion and loneliness on the individual level. This suggests that the potential of interventions aiming at fostering neighborhood cohesion to prevent loneliness varies depending on the cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When faced with an undesirable behavior by one's partner, theories of relationship maintenance indicate that individuals must undergo a transformation of motivation in order to set aside their initial impulse to respond in a self-centered manner, and instead choose to respond in a pro-relationship manner. However, the cultural psychology literature indicates that a primary focus on one's own needs and goals is predominantly a feature of individualistic cultures, such as those in the Unites States and Western Europe which have been the setting for the vast majority of close relationships research. Thus, it is possible that people from less individualistic cultural contexts do not experience this same transformation of motivation process when faced with an undesirable behavior by their partner, because their initial impulse is less self-centered and more other- or relationship-centered. To test this hypothesis we conducted pre-registered replications of two classic studies documenting the transformation of motivation process (Yovetich & Rusbult, 1994) using a cross-cultural sample of participants from the U.S. and Thailand. The extent to which people in both cultural settings engaged in the transformation of motivation process was assessed in a correlational study (N = 187) and an experimental study (N = 328) of partnered individuals. Results indicate that participants in both cultural contexts experience a transformation of motivation process, and the magnitude of the transformation did not differ between the two countries. Exploratory analyses indicate that Thai participants engaged in more passive behaviors than U.S. participants, and U.S. participants thought passive behaviors were more harmful than active behaviors. Overall, when faced with an unpleasant behavior by one's partner, the need to set aside one's initial impulse in order to respond in a more pro-relationship manner appears universal, but the exact behaviors that are the endpoint of that process differ across cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the establishment and work of the Health Equity Taskforce (HET) by Northwell Health and community organizations in the New York City metropolitan area. The HET was formed to distribute COVID-19 vaccines equitably and has expanded its focus to address various health disparities. The taskforce has faced challenges such as healthcare inaccessibility, vaccine scarcity, mistrust, misinformation, and cultural factors. However, they have overcome these obstacles by engaging with communities, incorporating community input, providing tailored outreach and education, and using data to assess needs. The HET has successfully distributed vaccines and identified new priorities for collaboration and programs to address health needs. They take a holistic approach to health equity, utilizing models such as cultural competence, community-based research, and integrating health into various sectors. They also prioritize mental health and community engagement for effective initiatives. [Extracted from the article]

Schools and friendships represent important but distinct contexts for adolescent identity development. However, research has yet to explore the long-term interplay between these factors on ethnic/racial identity (ERI). This study included a sample of 640 adolescents from 9 public high schools in a diverse United States metropolis (Mage = 14.50, SD = 0.67; 44% Asian, 20% Black, 36% Latinx; female = 68%, male = 32%, non-binary = 0%). Latent growth curve modeling was conducted to investigate longitudinal associations in friendship ethnic/racial composition and ERI exploration. From the 9th–11th grades, same-race friends and ERI exploration increased linearly whereas friendship ethnic/racial diversity decreased linearly. Adolescents attending more ethnically/racially diverse schools maintained more ethnically/racially diverse friends over time but did not differ in changes in ERI exploration compared to adolescents in less diverse schools. There was no association between the rates at which adolescents' friendship ethnic/racial composition and ERI changed over time. More ethnically/racially diverse friends in the 9th-grade predicted faster increases in subsequent ERI exploration. The findings highlight important differences in the roles of friendship and school contexts on ERI, suggesting that friendship ethnic/racial diversity, but not school ethnic/racial diversity, facilitated ERI exploration over time. School ethnic/racial diversity did facilitate a slower decline in friendship ethnic/racial diversity, emphasizing the importance of school integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While both the classroom cultural diversity climate and curriculum-based interventions can promote cultural identity development, they have not been studied together. Drawing on theories of ethnic-racial identity development, the current study aimed to understand the dynamic interplay of a curriculum-based intervention (the Identity Project) with the classroom cultural diversity climate (heritage culture and intercultural learning, critical consciousness socialization and equal treatment) on cultural identity exploration and resolution. Our sample included 906 mid-adolescents in Italy (32.36% immigrant descent, Mage (SD) = 15.12 (0.68) years, 51.73% female), and 504 early adolescents in Germany (53.86% immigrant descent, Mage (SD) = 12.82 (0.89) years, 42.37% female). Bayesian multivariate linear models show that the Identity Project and a stronger critical consciousness climate in the classroom before the intervention promoted cultural identity exploration at post-test in both countries. However, effects of the intervention and facets of the diversity climate on subsequent resolution were only observed in Italy. There was some evidence that the intervention could alter the classroom cultural diversity climate in Germany, while the intervention could compensate for a less positive diversity climate in the slightly older sample in Italy. Thus, it seems promising to systematically build in opportunities to engage with students' diverse heritage cultures and identities when developing new curricula, as well as to train teachers to implement such curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outgroup and diversity attitudes are important components of intercultural understanding and well-being. Despite the potential of ethnic-racial identity development as a means to foster positive outgroup and diversity attitudes, little is known about its effectiveness in rapidly diversifying contexts such as Sweden. This pre-registered study filled this gap by examining if adolescents taking part in an intervention focused on ethnic-racial identity exploration, the Identity Project, also reported change in outgroup and diversity attitudes, and whether migration background, education type, and ethnic-racial identity development predicted such change. Twenty-three tenth-grade classes in Sweden (N = 509; Mage = 16.28; SDage = 0.80; 66% female; 51% migration background) participated in the intervention and were assessed in four waves over a period of 26 weeks. Whereas ethnic-racial identity exploration and resolution increased for the intervention group, the adolescents reported no change in outgroup and diversity attitudes when compared to a control group. Increases in ethnic-racial identity exploration and resolution co-varied with increases in attitudes, but only at Time 3. The results do not provide support for the link between ethnic-racial identity development and positive outgroup and diversity attitudes, and challenge the notion of attitude change as a cascading effect of the Identity Project intervention in non-US sociocultural contexts. All aspects of the study were pre-registered on the Open Science Framework platform (https://osf.io/f5896). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sense of academic futility entails feelings of having no control over ones' educational success. Although mounting evidence points to its negative consequences for students' educational outcomes, less is known about its socio‐contextual antecedents. Relatedly, the current study explored how fair and supportive relationships with teachers are related to the sense of academic futility and if class belonging mediates this link in a sample of adolescents with immigrant and non‐immigrant backgrounds. A total of 1065 seventh‐grade students (Mage = 13.12; SD = 0.42; 45% girls) from 55 classrooms completed questionnaires at two time points 1 year apart. Results of multilevel analyses indicated that fair and supportive relationships with teachers contributed to decreases in sense of academic futility at the individual but not at the classroom level. No mediation or moderation effects emerged. These findings highlight the crucial role of democratic student–teacher relationships in supporting the positive school adjustment of all students in increasingly multicultural societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Canadian Association of Radiologists supports equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in employment. It is imperative that institutions implement recruitment and retention practices to ensure a diverse workforce. This requires considerable attention to each step in the process, including the job posting, candidate search, hiring committee composition, interviews, hiring decision, and retention and promotion. Job postings must be widely distributed and visible to underrepresented groups. The candidate search should be completed by a diverse committee with expertise in EDI. All committee members must complete EDI and anti-bias training and conduct a broad search that ensures underrepresented groups are encouraged to apply. Interviews must be offered to all candidates. The hiring decision must avoid the use of subjective criteria. Recruitment of members of underrepresented groups ensures a diverse workforce, and organizations should commit resources to the retention and promotion of these members. Mentorship programs must be implemented and incentives provided to faculty members to serve as mentors. Transparent guidelines for promotion made universally available on department or institution websites. Recruiting a diverse workforce in Medical Imaging will only be achieved if EDI are central to the organization's goals and strategic plan. All organizational policies, practices, and procedures must be reviewed with an intersectional lens to identify potential gaps, areas for improvement, and areas of strength in the recruitment and retention of members of underrepresented groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]