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Objective. To evaluate and summarize the best evidence for nonpharmacological management of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). This article aims at serving as a reference for nursing staff to prevent and manage CINV. Methods. We systematically searched for evidence on CINV in databases such as Cnki and Wanfang, guide websites such as GIN and NZGG, and professional websites such as UICC and ACS. Only articles published between November 2012 and November 2021 were considered for inclusion in the summary. Two researchers evaluated the quality of the literature and extracted the data. Results. A total of 22 articles were included in this study, including 3 clinical decisions, 2 guidelines, 1 evidence summary, 2 recommended practices, 13 systematic reviews, and 1 expert consensus. Finally, 15 pieces of evidence were summarized from 3 perspectives: risk factor assessment, nursing process specification, and nonpharmacological interventions. Conclusion. Our research summarizes the best evidence on nonpharmacological management of CINV. During actual clinical application, it is necessary to fully consider the clinical situation, combine professional judgment with patients' wishes, follow the principle of individualization, analyze the obstacles and facilitating factors of the application of evidence, and prudently apply the evidence to the clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hypertrophic scar (HS), a fibroproliferative disorder of the skin with some tumor‐like properties, is closely related to dysregulated inflammation. PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor is a promising medication for cancer therapy as its potent functions on adaptive immune response; whether it could be a candidate for HS therapy has aroused our interest. This study aimed to explore the effect and the mechanism of BMS‐202, a PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor, in HS. Methods: Ten HS and adjacent normal skin tissues collected from HS patients were used to detect α‐SMA, collagen I, and PD‐L1 expression by Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and western blot (WB) analysis. Fibroblasts derived from HS tissues (HFBs) were exposed to diverse concentrations of BMS‐202, of which proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and collagen synthesis were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit‐8, wound healing, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick‐End labeling, and [3H]‑proline incorporation assays, respectively. The effect of BMS‐202 on α‐SMA and collagen I expression, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)/Smad signaling in HFBs was also determined by WB and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The expression level of PD‐L1 was significantly elevated in both HS tissues and HFBs, which was positively correlated with α‐SMA and collagen I expressions. BMS‐202 exerted a significant suppression effect on the cell proliferation, migration, collagen synthesis, and α‐SMA and collagen I expression of HFBs in a concentration‐dependent way; but did not affect apoptosis. Finally, BMS‐202 could reduce the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Smad2, and Smad3, and the TGFβ1 expression once its concentration reached 2.5 nM. Conclusion: BMS‐202 effectively suppressed proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix deposition of HFBs, potentially through the regulation of the ERK and TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the conjugated complex PVK: Ir(ppy)3, a green-emitting organic quasicrystal microcavity laser is demonstrated driven by optical pumping. The organic laser adopts a sandwich structure of DBR/organic gain membrane/output Ag-layer for the vertical oscillation and an octagonal quasi-crystal for in-plane light localization. The experimental results show that the single-mode lasing action is observed at 521 nm with an FWHM of 0.8 nm. The threshold of lasing is lowered to 0.181 μJ/cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Co-MoS 2 nanocomposite exhibiting NADH oxidase mimic activity. • The mechanism of the NADH oxidase mimics was studied. • Sensitive and selective colorimetric sensor for NADH developed. NADH oxidase (NOX) is an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidation of NADH to NAD+ with the participation of oxygen. NOX can artificially regulate metabolic processes as an important regulatory enzyme for NAD+ regeneration. In this study, cobalt-doped molybdenum sulfide (Co-MoS 2) nanocomposite was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, which exhibited NOX mimics. The catalytic mechanism of NOX mimics was studied. The NOX-like activity of Co-MoS 2 is optimal at pH 4.5 and in the temperature range of 20–45℃. Further, its catalytic activity maintained almost the same after 5 cycles of repetitive addition of NADH, suggesting that Co-MoS 2 nanozyme possessed significant catalytic persistence. The produced H 2 O 2 catalyzed by Co-MoS 2 can be detected by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine at pH4.5. Thus, interestingly, a colorimetric NADH sensor was proposed on the basis of the enzymatic cascade reaction of NADH oxidase-like conjugated with HRP. This as-established method had wide detection range (0.5–800 μM) with the detection limit of 0.25 μM NADH, capable of detecting NADH in real sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Animal and human studies have revealed reciprocal association between exercise and gut-brain axis. However, the clinical evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCT) are still limited to directly assess the effects of aerobic exercise on gut microbiota. To fill this gap, we conducted this 12-week RCT in both groups of adolescents with and without sub-threshold mood symptoms.Methods: A total of 224 adolescents were randomized to the aerobic exercise intervention or psychoeducation-controlled arm. 49 adolescents with subthreshold symptoms and 142 clinically-well adolescents provided the sample for microbiota assessed by metagenomic sequencing. Aerobic exercise of running at the moderate-intensity for 30 min per day, 5 days a week, were conducted for 12 weeks.Results: Adolescents with subthreshold symptoms had significantly lower beta diversity than clinically-well adolescents in both the exercise intervention and psychoeducation-controlled arms (p<0.05). After intervention, no difference in gut microbiota diversity, phylum, genus, species level abundancies or gut microbial functions were found in both of the symptomatic or non-symptomatic groups. Metagenome-wide association study analysis showed no significant difference in metagenomic linkage groups.Limitations: The sample size is relatively small. The exercise intensity we employed may be insufficient to result in observable effects on intestinal microbiota.Conclusion: We conclude that a 12-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention showed no significant beneficial effect on the gut microbiota in clinically-well adolescents as well as in adolescents with subthreshold symptoms. The beta diversity of gut microbiota in adolescents with subthreshold mood syndromes may be impaired when compared with clinically-well adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple colorimetric sensing strategy for Hg2+ ions was developed using silver/copper nanoclusters (Ag/Cu NCs) with excellent selectivity and sensitivity. Bimetallic Ag/Cu NCs were synthesized by using glutathione (GSH) as a template and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. It was found that the peroxidase-like activity of Ag/Cu NCs was significantly enhanced in the presence of Hg2+. Therefore, a colorimetric method based on catalysis was developed to detect Hg2+ with a linear concentration range of 0.1–700 nM and a detection limit of 0.05 nM (S/N = 3). The common species have no effect on Hg2+ ion detection. Furthermore, this method is applicable to accurately detect Hg2+ in real aqueous samples and is reproducible. Therefore, owing to the merits of sensitivity, selectivity, rapid response and visual read-out, it can be promising in the development of a portable Hg2+ analyzer for on-site detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, increased species extinction and habitat loss have significantly reduced biodiversity, posing a serious threat to both nature and human survival. Environmental factors strongly influence bird distribution and diversity. The potential distribution patterns and species richness offer a conservation modeling framework for policymakers to assess the effectiveness of natural protected areas (PAs) and optimize their existing ones. Very few such studies have been published that cover a large and complete taxonomic group with fine resolution at regional scale. Here, using birds as a study group, the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was used to analyze the pattern of bird species richness in Jiangsu Province. Using an unparalleled amount of occurrence data, we created species distribution models (SDMs) for 312 bird species to explore emerging diversity patterns at a resolution of 1 km2. The gradient of species richness is steep, decreasing sharply away from water bodies, particularly in the northern part of Jiangsu Province. The migratory status and feeding habits of birds also significantly influence the spatial distribution of avian species richness. This study reveals that the regions with high potential bird species richness are primarily distributed in three areas: the eastern coastal region, the surrounding area of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the surrounding area of Taihu Lake. Compared with species richness hotspots and existing PAs, we found that the majority of hotspots are well‐protected. However, only a small portion of the regions, such as coastal areas of Sheyang County in Yancheng City, as well as some regions along the Yangtze River in Nanjing and Zhenjiang, currently have relatively weak protection. Using stacked SDMs, our study reveals effective insights into diversity patterns, directly informing conservation policies and contributing to macroecological research advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, increased species extinction and habitat loss have significantly reduced biodiversity, posing a serious threat to both nature and human survival. Environmental factors strongly influence bird distribution and diversity. The potential distribution patterns and species richness offer a conservation modeling framework for policymakers to assess the effectiveness of natural protected areas (PAs) and optimize their existing ones. Very few such studies have been published that cover a large and complete taxonomic group with fine resolution at regional scale. Here, using birds as a study group, the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was used to analyze the pattern of bird species richness in Jiangsu Province. Using an unparalleled amount of occurrence data, we created species distribution models (SDMs) for 312 bird species to explore emerging diversity patterns at a resolution of 1 km2. The gradient of species richness is steep, decreasing sharply away from water bodies, particularly in the northern part of Jiangsu Province. The migratory status and feeding habits of birds also significantly influence the spatial distribution of avian species richness. This study reveals that the regions with high potential bird species richness are primarily distributed in three areas: the eastern coastal region, the surrounding area of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the surrounding area of Taihu Lake. Compared with species richness hotspots and existing PAs, we found that the majority of hotspots are well‐protected. However, only a small portion of the regions, such as coastal areas of Sheyang County in Yancheng City, as well as some regions along the Yangtze River in Nanjing and Zhenjiang, currently have relatively weak protection. Using stacked SDMs, our study reveals effective insights into diversity patterns, directly informing conservation policies and contributing to macroecological research advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As metal additive manufacturing (MAM) technology is booming in the aerospace sector, alternatives to the traditional production methods of metals such as mining, processing, and refining with severe emissions are urgently needed. This study proposed a closed-loop route for efficient recovery of molybdenum (Mo) and value-added reuse of tungsten (W) from Cr–Co–Ni–Mo–W alloy waste in MAM. The results showed that the leaching efficiency of Mo and W reached 99.3% and 99.9%, respectively, using the dual chemical-physical means of mixed-alkali roasting and leaching by microwave heating, while the discharge of waste liquor containing Cr6+ was reduced. Leaching kinetic studies revealed that the metal leaching process was controlled by chemical reaction mechanism. Moreover, the 10%N1923 (primary amine)–5%TRPO (tri-alkyl phosphine oxide)–kerosene extraction system exhibited a synergistic extraction effect on Mo and W. After purification, Mo was recovered as Mo powder for MAM. Simultaneously, the recovered product of W, MnWO 4 , was applied as a photocatalytic material with excellent degradation of methylene blue dye. Ultimately, the proposed method obtained recovery efficiencies of 98.4% and 99.3% for Mo and W, respectively, achieving efficient and environmentally-friendly reuse of these key metals. [Display omitted] • Cr–Co–Ni–Mo–W alloy waste in metal additive manufacturing (MAM) was recovered. • Chemical roasting-physical microwave leaching successfully extracted >99.3% Mo and W. • N1923-TRPO-kerosene system has synergism on extraction of Mo and W. • Mo in alloy waste was recycled as Mo powder that can be supplied for MAM. • W in alloy waste was recovered as MnWO 4 that reused as a photocatalytic material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histidine can trigger bimetallic gold/copper nanoclusters to turn on strong red fluoresence, which is capable of sensing nanomolar levels of histidine selectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In remote intelligent teaching, the facial expression features can be recorded in time through facial recognition, which is convenient for teachers to judge the learning status of students in time and helps teachers to change teaching strategies in a timely manner. Based on this, this study applies machine learning and virtual reality technology to distance classroom teaching. Moreover, this study uses different channels to automatically learn global and local features related to facial expression recognition tasks. In addition, this study integrates the soft attention mechanism into the proposed model so that the model automatically learns the feature maps that are more important for facial expression recognition and the salient regions within the feature maps. At the same time, this study performs weighted fusion on the features extracted from different branches, and uses the fused features to re-recognize student features. Finally, this study analyzes the results of this paper through control experiments. The research results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has good performance and can be applied to the distance teaching system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to apply artificial intelligence technology to help education reform is a problem that teaching researchers need to solve urgently. Using artificial intelligence technology to improve the key competences of English subjects is the new direction of current English teaching development. This research combines machine learning technology to analyze the key competences assessment of English teaching disciplines and builds an evaluation model corresponding to the threshold. Moreover, on the basis of orderly mutual information, this study combines the maximum correlation and minimum redundancy theory to select the attribute algorithm to optimize the key competences assessment function of English subjects. In addition, in this study, the performance of the research model is analyzed through a comparative test, and the results are analyzed through actual numerical comparison and error comparison. The research results show that the recognition accuracy of this research model is closer than that of the real score, has higher accuracy, and has certain practical effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of semantic similarity between lexical terms plays a critical part in semantic-oriented applications for natural language processing and cognitive science. The optimization of calculation models is still a challenging issue for improving the performance of similarity measurement. In this paper, we investigate WordNet-based measures including distance-based, information-based, feature-based and hybrid. Among them, the distance-based measures are considered to have the lowest computational complexity due to simple distance calculation. However, most of existing works ignore the meronymy relation between concepts and the non-uniformity of path distances caused by various semantic relations, in which path distances are simply determined by conceptual hyponymy relation. To solve this problem, we propose a novel model to calculate the path distance between concepts, and also propose a similarity measure which nonlinearly transforms the distance to semantic similarity. In the proposed model, we assign different weights in accordance with various relations to edges that link different concepts. On basis of the distance model, we use five structure properties of WordNet for similarity measurement, which consist of multiple meanings, multiple inheritance, link type, depth and local density. Our similarity measure is compared against state-of-the-art WordNet-based measures on M&C dataset, R&G dataset and WS-353 dataset. According to experiment results, the proposed measure in this work outperforms others in terms of both Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, which indicates the effectiveness of our distance model. Besides, we construct six additional benchmarks to prove that the proposed measure maintains stable performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recovery of spent hydrogenation catalysts occupies advantages in both alleviating environmental burden and resource shortage. Whereas, the development of conventional hydrometallurgical recovery of molybdenum (Mo) and nickel (Ni) from spent MoNi/Al 2 O 3 catalysts has been limited by the numerous processes and the accompanying generation of waste liquids and residues. Herein, A new recycling route for the preparation of spent hydrogenation catalysts with low thermal expansion coefficients (CTE) was proposed, which has the advantages of short process, green environment and high value utilization. The Li 2 O–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –B 2 O 3 (LASB) parent glass containing Mo and Ni were obtained by melting with different contents of the spent catalysts. The thermal expansion coefficient of the glass was minimized to 6.08 × 10−6/°C at an addition of 25 wt% of the spent catalysts. Moreover, according to the crystallization peak in DTA curve, glass-ceramics were prepared by one-step crystallization heat treatment at different crystallization temperatures. The main crystalline phase of the glass-ceramic precipitated by heating at 685 °C is β-quartz (Li 2 Al 2 Si 3 O 10), which gives the glass-ceramics the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion (0.96 × 10−6/°C) of glass-ceramic as well as the maximum density (2.45 g/cm3) and Vickers hardness (705.8 Hv). Furthermore, the activation energy (354.65 ± 17.42) kJ/mol) and Avrami index (5.39) associated with crystallization were extracted from the fitting of different theoretical model, indicating the three-dimensional crystallization of the LASB glass-ceramics. This technology provides a waste-to-material strategy for hazardous waste and a clean production route for the preparation of the functional glass-ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Glass phase extraction (GPE), a new method was proposed for metal separation. • >99.16 % Al3+ and Ni2+ were extracted and separated with 99.82 % Mo6+ by GPE. • Na 2 MoO 4 was immiscible with and precipitated over glass melt, recovered directly. • Full-component resource recovery of spent catalysts was achieved by GPE method. • Separation mechanism was investigated by multi-scale characterization and means. Spent hydrofining/selective catalytic reduction catalysts generated during the production of ultra-low-sulfur/nitrogen fuel are considered to be hazardous wastes. Furthermore, the sustainable supply of critical metal resources such as molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V), which are present in high concentrations in spent catalysts, is challenged by the climate emergency, ore depletion and inefficient technologies for separating metals. Here, glass phase extraction is proposed as a novel approach for simultaneously separating metals and obtaining recovered products from spent hydrofining catalysts in one step. By constructing a glass network structure that satisfied a stable coordination environment for the target metal ions, 99.82 % of the Mo6+ was "melt-melt" separated with the glass phase as Na 2 MoO 4 , while the extraction efficiencies of Ni2+ and Al3+ were >99.16 %. The separation factors β Mo/Ni and β Mo/Al were as high as 65812.95 and 71944.85, respectively. The obtained results verify this method as a valuable synthetic route for refractory metal salts and transition metal ion-doped glass–ceramic materials, enhancing the prospect of achieving full-component resource recovery from hazardous wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a key to community remediation, villagers' withdrawal from homesteads has long been a core subject of academic inquiry and a major concern of governments in China. Drawing upon the multi-level framework, we examine villagers' willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads in Sunan and explore the influencing mechanisms. The results of binary logistic regression (BLR) models imply that future expectations of villagers matter for their willingness within the twofold context of urbanization and rural revitalization, and that the expectations vary across households and regions. Developed regions and wealthy households with access to opportunities and social security tend to have better expectations and higher odds of withdrawal; villagers in less-favored regions are also inclined to escape the current environment of living, but however bound to homesteads by the disadvantage in coping with future uncertainties. Furthermore, we argue that differences in villagers' willingness well reveals the uneven pattern of homesteads transition towards multifunctionality and can to some extent reify or even amplify inequalities in villages and across regions. • Future expectations of villagers matter for their willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads. • The heterogeneity of expectations across households and regions shapes an uneven pattern of willingness to withdraw. • Differences in villagers' willingness reveals the uneven pattern of homesteads transition towards multifunctionality. • Differences in villagers' willingness may reify or even amplify inequalities in villages and across regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 7, 8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin (DAMTC) on lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) and analyze the molecular mechanism underlying DAMTC-treated lung adenocarcinoma. Gene expression profile GSE29698 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 3 DAMTC-treated A549 samples were analyzed and compared with 3 DAMTC-untreated samples using the limma package. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed, followed by the functional annotation and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Finally, pathway crosstalk analysis was conducted. A total of 500 upregulated and 389 downregulated DEGs were identified. The upregulated and downregulated DEGs were enriched in different GO terms and pathways, including metabolic process, p53 signaling pathway and metabolic pathways. A total of 9 DEGs were determined to have node degrees >16 in the PPI network, including interleukin 6 (IL6), MDM2 oncogene, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (MDM2), cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) and MYC associated factor X (MAX). Furthermore, numerous DEGs were identified to function as transcription factors and tumor suppressor genes, including histone deacetylase 3 and MAX. Additionally, apoptosis, tight junction, and endocytosis pathway were determined to cross-talk with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. The DEGs (IL6, MDM2, CDC42 and MAX) involved in different pathways, including the p53 signaling pathway and endocytosis, may be the potential targets for DAMTC in lung adenocarcinoma. The elucidation of the underlying mechanism of the DAMTC effect may make it a potential drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Metal-free fluorescent covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were synthesized initially with Q-Graphene (QG) scaffolds by the one-step covalent reactions of melamine-aldehyde and phenol-aldehyde poly-condensations using paraformaldehyde. It was discovered that onion-like hollow QG, which consists of multi-layer graphene and different carbon allotropes having a high proportion of folded edges and surface defects, could endow the scaffolded COFs with enhanced green fluorescence and environmental stability. Unexpectedly, they could exhibit the powerful absorption for Cu2+ ions resulting in the specific quenching of fluorescence. A fluorimetric strategy with QG-scaffolded COFs was thereby developed to probe Cu2+ ions separately in blood and wastewater with the linear concentration ranges of 0.0010–10.0 μM (limit of detection of 0.50 nM) and 0.0032–32.0 μM (limit of detection of 2.4 nM), respectively, promising the potential applications for the field-applicable monitoring of Cu2+ ions in the clinical and environmental analysis fields. In addition, the prepared COFs sorbents were employed to absorb Cu2+ ions in wastewater showing high removal efficiency. More importantly, such an one-pot fabrication route with hollow QG scaffolds may be tailorable extensively for the preparation of a variety of metal-free multifunctional COFs with enhanced fluorescence, water solubility, environmental stability, and metal removal capability. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Metal-free COFs were polymerized onto the scaffolds of hollow Q-Graphene (QG). • QG-scaffolded COFs could present enhanced fluorescence, high aqueous stability, and photostability. • The fluorescence of QG-scaffolded COFs could be quenched by Cu2+ ions towards the ultrasensitive copper analysis. • The QG-scaffolded COF could serve as powerful sorbents for the removal of Cu2+ ions in wastewater with high efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer prodrug micelles, combining the advantages of prodrugs and polymer micelles, can greatly improve the solubility, permeability and stability of drugs. In this work, amphiphilic block copolymers poly(α-azide caprolactone-co-caprolactone)-b-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine), P(ACL-co-CL)-b-PMPC, were synthesized, and an antineoplastic drug 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy camptothecin (SN38) was grafted to the amphiphilic copolymers to obtain a prodrug and their micelles. The preparation of P(ACL-co-CL)-b-PMPC was proceeded by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone/α-bromide caprolactone, converting the bromide to an azide, and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The camptothecin derivative SN38-alkyne was bonded to the polymer to obtain P(CL/CL-g-SN38)-b-PMPC by a “click reaction”. The obtained polymer–drug complex can easily self-assemble to form prodrug micelles with the shell composed of PMPC and the core composed of PCL and SN38. The micelles presented characteristics including improved drug loading efficiency and stabilization of the drug. In vivo, the retention time of the prodrug micelles in blood could be tripled, and the clearance was delayed compared with the SN38 solution. The in vivo anti-tumor experiments demonstrated that the prodrug micelles had a better treatment effect and low toxicity to 4T1-bearing BALB/C mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solid-state fluorimetric strategy has been developed using test strips coated with Q-graphene-loaded metal–organic framework nanocomposites featuring water-triggered fluorescence turn-on. It can facilitate the real-time evaluation of trace water in organic solvents, with the level down to about 0.015% in alcohol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study theoretically the localization and coupling properties of defect modes in octagonal quasi-crystals made of conjugated polymers for the light modulation of organic light-emitting devices (OLED) and organic lasers. Due to the rotational symmetry of quasicrystals and the low refractive-index of organic semiconductors, it is observed that localized modes only occur in the complex defect-cavity structures. Unlike conventional photonic crystals with high-index, some unusual characteristics of defect modes coupling in quasicrystals under the low-index contrast are revealed and analyzed, such as the loss of defect modes, composite resonant cavity, and phase-opposition of modal tails. These results will allow us to better utilize the light control in organic photonic crystal microcavity lasers, especially in the localization region, and further to apply in OLED and VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorylcholine micelles based on pH/reduction responsive copolymers, poly(ε-caprolactone)-ss-b-poly((N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-r-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)) (PCL-ss-PDEAPMPC) were developed for the intracellular delivery of doxorubicin. The micelles were spherical (less than 90 nm in diameter) and demonstrated pH/reduction sensitivity. The DOX loaded micelles presented the fastest drug release under simultaneously acidic and reductive conditions. Although PCL20-ss-PDEA5PMPC10 had lower pH sensitivity than PCL20-ss-PDEA15PMPC10, the DOX loaded micelles of the former released the drug faster than the latter at pH 5.0 and in the presence of a reductant. The cytotoxicities of the blank micelles and the drug-loaded micelles were investigated using the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). The IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) of PCL20-ss-PDEA5PMPC10 micelles was the lowest among PCL-ss-PDEAPMPC micelles. The results of CLSM and flow cytometry showed that the micelles effectively delivered the drug cargo into cancer cells. The cellular uptake pathways of PCL-ss-PDEAPMPC micelles were mainly clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and accompanied by a certain degree of giant pinocytosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the quasilinear attraction–repulsion chemotaxis system with logistic source u t = ∇ ⋅ (D (u) ∇ u) − ∇ ⋅ (Φ (u) ∇ v) + ∇ ⋅ (Ψ (u) ∇ w) + f (u) , (x , t) ∈ Ω × (0 , ∞) , 0 = Δ v + α u − β v , (x , t) ∈ Ω × (0 , ∞) , 0 = Δ w + γ u − δ w , (x , t) ∈ Ω × (0 , ∞) under Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R N (N ≥ 1) , where D , Φ , Ψ ∈ C 2 [ 0 , ∞) are nonnegative functions with D (s) ≥ (s + 1) p for s ≥ 0 , Φ (s) ≤ χ s q , ξ s r ≤ Ψ (s) ≤ ζ s r for s > 1 , and the smooth function f satisfies f (s) ≤ μ s (1 − s k) for s > 0 , f (0) ≥ 0. Tian et al. (2016) proved that when q = m a x { r , k } and q − p ≥ 2 N , if one of the following assumptions holds: (i) q = r = k , μ > (α χ − γ ξ) (1 − 2 N (q − p) ) / (1 + 2 (q − 1) N (q − p) ) ; (ii) q = r > k , α χ − γ ξ < 0 ; (iii) q = k > r , μ > α χ (1 − 2 N (p − q) ) / (1 + 2 (q − 1) N (p − q) ) , then the solution of the equations is globally bounded. The present work further shows that the same conclusion still holds for the critical cases: (a) q = r = k , μ = (α χ − γ ξ) (1 − 2 N (q − p) ) / (1 + 2 (q − 1) N (q − p) ) ; (b) q = r > k , α χ − γ ξ = 0 with q − p < 1 N m i n { 4 (N + 1) N + 2 , N + 2 } ; (c) q = k > r , μ = α χ (1 − 2 N (p − q) ) / (1 + 2 (q − 1) N (p − q) ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In summary, we have developed a decarboxylative oxidation reaction of carboxylic acids through visible-light-induced photocatalysis. [26] For examples, Itami and co-workers developed a [Ru(bpy) SB 3 sb ]Cl SB 2 sb (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl)-catalyzed decarboxylative oxidation reaction of arylacetic acids. Graph Decarboxylative oxidation is an important and powerful reaction because it can provide one-carbon-shorter ketones or aldehydes directly from readily available and bench-stable carboxylic acids. [34] Various carboxylic acids were successfully employed as substrates, including phenylacetic acid-type substrates and aliphatic carboxylic acids. [Extracted from the article]

This 3-month randomized psychoeducation-controlled trial (RCT) of exercise was undertaken in young adolescents with subthreshold depression to examine the impact on gut microbiota. Participants (aged 12–14 years) were randomly assigned to an exercise or a psychoeducation-controlled group. The exercise intervention arm took moderate-intensity exercise, comprised of 30 min of running per day, 4 days a week for 3 months. Psychoeducation intervention consisted of 6 sessions of group activity including gaming, reading, and singing. The gut microbiota was assessed by metagenomic sequencing. After 3-month moderate-intensity exercise, the intervention group increased the relative abundance of Coprococcus, Blautia, Dorea, Tyzzerella at the genus level, as well as Tyzzerella nexilis, Ruminococcus obeum at species level when compared to the psychoeducation-controlled group. Moreover, EggNOG analyses showed that the defense and signal transduction mechanism were highly enriched after the active intervention, and changes were correlated with improvements in depressive symptoms measured by Chinese Patient Depression Questionnaire 9. The KEGG pathway of neurodegenerative diseases was depleted in the microbiome in young adolescents with subthreshold depression after exercise intervention. This 3-month RCT suggests that at both the genus and species levels, aerobic group exercise intervention improved in depressive symptoms and revealed changes in gut microbiota suggesting beneficial effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extraction of molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) from waste alloy significantly impacts the alleviation of resource shortage and ecological environment. In this study, Mn additive was utilized as a recyclable roasting aid to convert Mo and W for facilitating extraction, by considering thermodynamic calculations. The effect of β-MnO 2 as a roasting additive on the phase evolution of Mo, W, and Mn elements and the optimal process conditions were evaluated by XRD, SEM-EDS, thermal analysis, and alkali leaching experiments. Notably, Mo and W in the alloy waste got oxidized and converted into soluble MnMoO 4 and MnWO 4 , respectively, under the conditions of roasting temperature of 750 °C, β-MnO 2 amount of 75% of waste alloy mass, and time of 1 h. During alkaline leaching, 100.00% Mo and 99.59% W in the roasted product were extracted, which was accompanied with the precipitation of leached residue of α-MnO 2 , Mn 3 O 4 , and Mn 2 O 3 from Mn present in the leach liquor (NaOH concentration 2 mol⋅L−1, solid–liquid ratio 10% (w/v), time 5 h, temperature 90 °C). When the recycled leached residue was employed in the next roasting process, the leaching efficiency of Mo and W was maintained above 98.56%. Moreover, the reaction mechanisms of roasting and leaching were investigated by kinetics study. Roasting with β-MnO 2 fundamentally reduced the production cost with the high extraction efficiency of Mo and W, and the flue gas recovery process was no longer required, which is beneficial to industrial application. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semantic-oriented service matching is one of the challenges in automatic Web service discovery. Service users may search for Web services using keywords and receive the matching services in terms of their functional profiles. A number of approaches to computing the semantic similarity between words have been developed to enhance the precision of matchmaking, which can be classified into ontology-based and corpus-based approaches. The ontology-based approaches commonly use the differentiated concept information provided by a large ontology for measuring lexical similarity with word sense disambiguation. Nevertheless, most of the ontologies are domain-special and limited to lexical coverage, which have a limited applicability. On the other hand, corpus-based approaches rely on the distributional statistics of context to represent per word as a vector and measure the distance of word vectors. However, the polysemous problem may lead to a low computational accuracy. In this paper, in order to augment the semantic information content in word vectors, we propose a multiple semantic fusion (MSF) model to generate sense-specific vector per word. In this model, various semantic properties of the general-purpose ontology WordNet are integrated to fine-tune the distributed word representations learned from corpus, in terms of vector combination strategies. The retrofitted word vectors are modeled as semantic vectors for estimating semantic similarity. The MSF model-based similarity measure is validated against other similarity measures on multiple benchmark datasets. Experimental results of word similarity evaluation indicate that our computational method can obtain higher correlation coefficient with human judgment in most cases. Moreover, the proposed similarity measure is demonstrated to improve the performance of Web service matchmaking based on a single semantic resource. Accordingly, our findings provide a new method and perspective to understand and represent lexical semantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of semantic similarity between terms is one of the challenging tasks in knowledge-based applications, such as multimedia retrieval, automatic service discovery and emotion mining. By means of similarity estimation, the comprehension of textual resources can become more feasible and accurate. Some studies have proposed the integration of various assessment methods for taking advantage of different semantic resources, but most of them simply employ average operation or regression training. In this paper, we address this problem by combining the corpus-based similarity methods with the WordNet-based methods based on a differential evolution (DE) algorithm. Specifically, this DE-based approach conducts similarity assessment in a continuous vector space. It is validated against a variety of similarity approaches on multiple benchmark datasets. Empirical results demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing works and more conforms to the human judgement of similarity. The results also prove the expressiveness of continuous vectors learned from neural network on latent lexical semantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanozymes featuring with favorable activity, good stability and easy scale-up production, are promising to replace natural enzymes for various applications. However, it remains a challenge to explore the cascade reactions of multi-enzyme mimics, aiming at synergistic catalysis for various applications. Herein, vanadium nitride nanoparticles deposited on carbon nanofibers (VN@CNFs) composite was facilely prepared by typical electrospinning route with subsequently ammonia reduction process. The nanocomposite showed excellent peroxidase (POD)-like and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities. Additionally, their catalytic mechanisms were systematically researched. Coupling of SOD-like with POD-like as cascade enzyme, a selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of superoxide anion (O 2 •−) was explored, which has two linear parts, 0.05–30 μM and 30–250 μM O 2 •− with the LOD of 0.0167 μM (S/N = 3). The as-proposed method was applicable to practical samples detection with satisfactory accuracy and recovery. Therefore, the VN@CNFs composite shows great prospect in biosensing, superoxide anion removal and biocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni@C magnetic nanotubes surrounded by a carbon shell with thick of 10 nm were constructed using nickel nanotubes as core by glucose-solvothermal-method. The morphology, structure, composition, magnetic property, drug release behavior, in-vitro cytotoxicity and antitumor efficacy of the as-prepared Ni@C nanotubes were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrum, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating-sample magnetometer, UV– vis spectroscopy, CCK-8 assays and flow cytometry. The results indicated that the as-prepared Ni@C nanotubes had typical hollow core-shell structure, good magnetic property, pH-responsive drug-release functionality and better antitumor activity, compared with nickel nanotubes. It presented low in-vitro cytotoxicity originated in cell apoptosis by S-phase arrest, which made the magnetic Ni@C nanotubes potentially application in biomedicine. [Display omitted] • Ni@C nanotubes were constructed using nickel nanotubes as core by glucose-hydrothermal-method. • Ni@C nanotubes have typical core-shell structure, magnetic property and good pH-sensitive DOX-release property. • The prepared Ni@C nanotubes presented low in-vitro cytotoxicity and increasing antitumor effect. • The cytotoxicity of Ni@C nanotubes originated in cell apoptosis by S-phase arrest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) provide a new strategy to enable direct biomass-to-electricity conversion, posing considerable demand on sequential enzymes. However, artificial blend of multi-enzyme systems often suffer biocatalytic inefficiency due to the rambling mixture of catalytic units. In an attempt to construct a high-performance starch/O 2 EBFC, herein we prepared a starch-oxidizing bioanode based on displaying a sequential enzyme system of glucoamylase (GA) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) on E.coli cell surfaces in a precise way using cohesin-dockerin interactions. The enzyme stoichiometry was optimized, with GA&GDH (3:1)- E.coli exhibiting the highest catalytic reaction rate. The bioanode employed polymerized methylene blue (polyMB) to collect electrons from the oxidation of NADH into NAD+, which jointly oxidized starch together with co-displayed GA and GDH. The bioanode was oxygen-insensitive, which can be combined with a laccase based biocathode, resulting in a membranless starch/O 2 EBFC in a non-compartmentalized configuration. The optimal EBFC exhibited an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.74 V, a maximum power density of 30.1 ± 2.8 μW cm−2, and good operational stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental externalities of industrial agglomeration have generated intense debate, yet few studies have considered their effects and inner influence mechanism based on varied agglomeration types. This study distinguished between industrial density and proximity (spatially) and industrial specialization and diversity, as well as related variety and unrelated variety (organizationally). Using the panel data from China's 285 cities from 2003 to 2013, we examined the different effects of multiple agglomeration types of industrial agglomeration on industrial SO 2 emissions, and their inner influence mechanism from two aspects of industrial structure and technological progress. First, we found that various agglomeration types have different environmental externalities and that industrial density and proximity both have significant reduction effects on SO 2 emissions; diversity and related variety effectively reduce SO 2 discharges, but specialization and unrelated variety are linked to increased emissions. Second, technological progress and industrial structure are the critical channels of industrial agglomeration affecting pollution emissions while technological progress plays a greater role in the reducing emission effect of industrial agglomeration. Our findings reveal the importance of different agglomeration types and technological progress between industrial agglomeration and pollution emission. • We build a theoretical hypothesis to clarify the relationship between industrial agglomerations and environmental pollution. • We match firm-level data and panel data of 285 cities from 2003 to 2013 in China. • We analyze the effect of industrial agglomerations on industrial SO 2 emissions based on multiple types of agglomeration. • With a simultaneous equation model, we explore the inner influence mechanism through industrial structure and technological progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new aqueous sol was synthesized to prepare Ag-doped TiO/Ti composite tight ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. This sol was prepared based on water (>95 wt%), for which the hydrodynamic size of 8 nm could be obtained by tuning the electrostatic and steric repulsive forces, breaking the limit of the polymeric sol-gel method to prepare tight UF membranes. For the preparation of the sol, high water content can significantly reduce the use of organic solvents and is more environment-benign. Moreover, Ag doping can considerably improve the toughness of the supported membranes to efficiently prevent the TiO/Ti composite membranes from cracking and overcome the thermal expansion mismatch of ceramic membranes and their metallic supports. The prepared Ag-doped TiO/Ti composite membranes presented a molecular weight cut-off of 3 kDa with a pure water flux of 24 L m h bar and exhibited good dye removal capabilities. The proposed Ag doping method has considerable potential for the fabrication of integrated hybrid ceramic-metallic composite membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modified colloidal sol–gel process with organic additives was proposed for the fabrication of TiO 2 NF membranes with a MWCO of ~820 Da and a water permeability of ~8 L/(m 2 h bar). The properties of the TiO 2 materials were greatly influenced by the modified route denoted Route B, but little difference was detected in the materials synthesized via the traditional route denoted Route A. For the TiO 2 materials prepared using Route B, the DLS analysis showed that the particle size of the TiO 2 hydrosol decreased as the amount of organics increased; the XRD patterns and TEM images confirmed the role of additives in restraining the TiO 2 grain growth and A→R transformation. This behavior may be explained by the lower packing and ordering of the nanoparticles, which would inhibit rearrangement among the nanoparticles and slow both the grain growth and phase transformation. After comparing the N 2 adsorption–desorption results, the TiO 2 material with 90 dwb% glycerin was optimized for forming NF membranes. Small organics were better for this process than larger ones. Finally, the TiO 2 NF membranes were fabricated using Route B, and the resultant membranes showed better retention properties compared to those of the TiO 2 membranes fabricated via Route A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titania nanofiltration (NF) membranes with a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of ∼1000 Da impregnated with noble metal Pd have been fabricated via the colloidal sol–gel route. The process of calcination under air atmosphere before reduction under hydrogen atmosphere was utilized for complete removal of organics, and the as-prepared Pd-doped TiO 2 materials were denoted as PdO-TiO 2 and Pd-TiO 2 , respectively. XRD patterns and TEM images confirmed that, under the air atmosphere, the Pd doping restrained TiO 2 grain growth and A → R transformation, which may be due to the substitution of Pd 2+ into the TiO 2 lattice, suggesting that the release of deformation energy stabilized the anatase phase. Combining N 2 adsorption–desorption results, the PdO-TiO 2 materials with a Pd concentration of 30 dwb% and a calcination temperature of 400 °C were optimized with a pore size of 1.7 nm. After hydrogen reduction, the inhibitory effect of Pd doping on phase transformation was weakened, with a looser pore structure achieved for the Pd-TiO 2 materials with a pore size of 2.4 nm, indicating the inhibitory effect of PdO, Pd 0 and Pd 2+ , the three chemical states of elemental Pd, on TiO 2 crystal growth and A → R transformation improved in turn. Finally, the Pd-TiO 2 NF membranes were fabricated with a water permeability of ∼10 L/(m 2 h bar), showing high ion retention rates, while the undoped TiO 2 membranes exhibited much lower retention properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supramolecular self-assemblies enabled to obtain architectures with amusing properties for various applications including optical device, biosensing and bioimaging. Herein, bimetallic copper-cerium nanoclusters (Cu/Ce NCs) spheres dispersed in isopropanol (IPA)/phosphate buffer (PB, 10 mM, pH7.0) mixed solution can be aggregated to form non-fluorescent nanowire network through self-assembly. Interestingly, the non-fluorescent Cu/Ce NCs nanowire network can be further aggregated blocky structure in the presence of cysteine (Cys), with a strong red fluorescence turn-on. Moreover, the Cys-induced turn-on efficiency of Cu/Ce NCs dispersed in 60% (v/v) IPA/PB mixed solution is 2.7-times that value in PB solution. The Cys-triggered red fluorescence turn-on of Cu/Ce NCs presumably due to the solvent-caused aggregation-induced emission, given rise to by the strong coordination interaction of Ce with carboxyl groups of Cys, and Cu with Cys via the thiol group to link with Cu/Ce NCs by Cu S bonding. Additionally, it was found that the Cu/Ce NCs dispersed in 60% IPA/PB mixed solution exhibited good storage stability and repeatability. Then, based on Cys-triggered red fluorescence turning on, fluorimetric sensing Cys was developed with a wide linear range of 10–32,000 nM and detection limit of 3 nM (S/N = 3). The other common species didn't affect Cys detection. Furthermore, the as-proposed assay can be applied to measure Cys in actual samples accurately and reproducibly. Thereafter, featured by the solvent-induced self-assembly of metal NCs, which is envisioned to cast broad potential applications in designing luminescent materials, biosensing, clinical diagnosis and optoelectronic device. [Display omitted] • Bimetallic Cu/Ce NCs in IPA/water mixed solution aggregated to form nanowire network through self-assembly. • The Cu/Ce NCs nanowire network further triggered by Cys to form blocky structure with a strong red fluorescence turn-on. • The Cys-triggered red fluorescence turn-on of Cu/Ce NCs presumably caused by the strong coordination interaction. • Sensitive and selective fluorimetric biosensor capable of detecting Cys at nM level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wet markets, recently thrust into the limelight during the coronavirus pandemic, play a necessary role in daily life in Asia. Yet, the value of wet markets has not ever been sufficiently explored. While an increasing body of work has studied the implicit value of urban public amenities through the hedonic price model and traditional measurements of accessibility and density, the subjective perceptions of amenities have been neglected, specifically for consumption amenity. This is especially the case with wet markets: traditional approaches are unable to capture their comprehensive effects. By employing data on Beijing housing transactions in 2019 and online review scores of wet markets, we reduce this knowledge gap by exploring both the amenity and dis-amenity effects of wet markets and capturing the objective and subjective perspectives. Our results indicate a nonlinear relationship between wet market accessibility and urban housing prices. Considering the perceived quality of wet markets, this paper further indicates that housing prices near high-scoring wet markets appreciate while housing prices depreciate near low-scoring markets. Interestingly, the negative influence of low-scoring markets is statistically larger than the positive influence of high-scoring wet markets. Taking the housing price as a reflection of an owner's wealth and income level, we argue that high-income dwellers tend to pay more for perceived quality than for convenience. Our findings, therefore, offer new and refined insights for scholars and urban planning decision-makers. • The effect of wet markets for residents is explored through the lens of urban housing prices. • The physical accessibility and the big data of online customer reviews are employed to capture the objective and subjective perceptions of wet markets. • Both amenity and dis-amenity effects of wet market are detected. • A nonlinear relationship between wet market accessibility and urban housing prices is indicated. • High-income dwellers tend to pay more for subjective perception than for convenience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to exploit highly efficient methods for detecting pollutants selectively and sensitively. Artificial enzymes are promising to replace natural enzymes with diverse functions for sustainable developments and various applications. However, it remains the challenge to develop novel mimic enzymes or multi-enzyme mimics for pollutant detection. Herein we report hierarchical porous MoS 2 particles prepared by a simple hydrothermal method, which demonstrated excellent sulfite oxidase (SuO x)-, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase- and superoxide dismutase-mimicking activities. In addition, the catalytic conditions for SuO x -like and NADH oxidase-like activities of MoS 2 were optimized. The catalytic mechanism of the NADH oxidase mimics is that O 2 involves in the oxidation of NADH, to generate O 2 .- intermediate and finally turn to H 2 O 2 , while SuO x mimics comes from that MoS 2 particles can effectively catalyze sulfite to reduce [Fe(CN) 6 ]3-. Based on the excellent SuO x -like activity of MoS 2 particles, while phenol can inhibit the oxidation of sulfite, a phenol colorimetric sensor was explored with the dynamic range of 2–1000 μM and the limit of detection of 0.72 μM, applicable to detect phenol in effluents. Therefore, MoS 2 particles with the SuO x -like, NADH oxidase-like and SOD-like activities has broad application prospects in environmental monitoring and bio-analysis. [Display omitted] • A facile and green method for preparing hierarchical porous MoS 2 particles developed. • The porous MoS 2 particles exhibited excellent SuOx-, NADH oxidase- and SOD- mimics. • The catalytic mechanism of enzyme mimics was systematically investigated. • Based on inhibition of SuOx-like activity, novel colorimetric phenol sensor explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C22H43.33N2O3.67S, monoclinic, P21/ c, a = 9.5273(1) Å, b = 14.8850(2) Å, c = 17.5820(2) Å, V = 2492.84(5) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt( F) = 0.0526, wRref( F2) = 0.1459, T = 296. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the systemic administration of deferoxamine (DFO) is protective in experimental models of normal ischemic flap and diabetic wound, its effect on diabetic flap ischemia using a local injection remains unknown. Objective: To explore the feasibility of local injection of DFO to improve the survival of ischemic random skin flaps in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods: Ischemic random skin flaps were made in 125 mice. Animals were divided into the DFO-treated (n = 20), PBS-treated (n = 16) and untreated (n = 16) groups. Surviving area, vessel density, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were evaluated on the seventh day after local injection. Results: The viability of DFO-treated flap was significantly enhanced, with increased regional blood perfusion and capillary density compared with those in the two control groups. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis demonstrated a marked increase in systemic Flk-1+/CD11b− endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in DFO-treated mice. Furthermore, the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α was increased not only in diabetic flap tissue, but also in dermal fibroblasts cultured under hyperglycemic and hypoxic conditions. Conclusions: Local injection of DFO could exert preventive effects against skin flap necrosis in STZ-induced diabetic mice by elevating the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF, increased EPC mobilization, which all contributed to promote ischemic diabetic flap survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a technical route toward the comprehensive recovery of valuable metals from spent Ni–Mo/γ–Al 2 O 3 hydrofining catalysts, which were employed to remove S, N, and O elements and metal–organic compounds from crude oil and petroleum products. Additionally, the process conditions are optimized, thereby providing good economic and environmental benefits. Sodium carbonate-assisted roasting of the spent catalyst effectively improves the secondary pollution and leaching effect. After Al, Mo, and Ni elements in the spent catalyst were converted into NaAlO 2 , Na 2 MoO 4 , and NiO, more than 99.8% of the metal ions entered the leaching solution, minimizing the loss. A synergistic extraction system using the di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (P204) and tri-n-octylamine (TOA) extractants were employed to extract molybdenum from the clarified acid leaching solution, and more than 97.5% of Mo was separated from Al and Ni. The MoO 3 product was obtained by stripping with ammonia, followed by evaporating, and roasting. Furthermore, by adding ammonia to adjust the pH value of the molybdenum extraction solution to 4, 98.0% of the Al was extracted by P204. Subsequently, a Na 2 S precipitation agent was employed to convert Ni2+ into Ni(OH)S with a precipitation efficiency of 97.9%. Ultimately, the comprehensive recovery efficiencies of Al, Mo and Ni were 97.5%, 95.5%, and 90.9%, respectively, thereby realizing the comprehensive recovery of metals in the spent catalyst. • A process for comprehensive metal recovery from spent catalysts was proposed to recover Al 97.5%, Mo 95.5% and Ni 90.9%. • TOA assisted P204 effectively increased the extraction efficiency of Mo, the coordination mechanism was analyzed. • Extraction and precipitation were employed to recover Al and Ni as Al(OH) 3 and Ni(OH)S products respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu x O nanorods with excellent NADH peroxidase mimics were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The catalytic oxidation of NADH to NAD cofactor strictly follows the enzymatic kinetics with high catalytic rate and strong affinity. The catalytic mechanism of Cu x O NRs was that in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the catalytic oxidizing NADH to NAD + involving with O 2 .-.anion production, making it realistic to mutually convert between coenzymes. Considering that the mutual transformation of NADH/NAD cofactors plays an important role in biological function, combination of Cu x O NRs with alcohol dehydrogenase, a highly selective method for fluorimetric detection of ethanol was established. The as-proposed sensing platform is capable of dectecting alcohol with the limit of detection of 26.7 μM (S/N = 3) and applied in practical sample with satisfied accuracy and recovery. The as-developed regenerable NADH peroxidase mimics would also cast lights in biocatalysis, synthetic biology and bioenergy. [Display omitted] • Cu x O NRs displaying excellent regenerable NADH peroxidase mimics. • The catalytic oxidation NADH to NAD cofactor strictly follows the enzymatic kinetics with high catalytic rate and strong affinity. • Coupled Cu x O NRs with alcohol dehydrogenase, a sensitive and selective fluorimetric sensor for ethanol was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The inverse projected-fringe technique based on multi projectors is proposed. By an absolute phase measurement on the master object, different inverse fringes are generated, for projectors placed in different directions. During the inspection process, inverse fringes are projected simultaneously. If the test object and the master object are identical, an optimized sine fringe is obtained on the camera. Otherwise, every faulty area of the test object causes distortions of the fringe. The deformations can be evaluated quantitatively by simple Fourier transformation and phase unwrapping. Therefore, we can complete the inspection of complex and discontinuous objects with only one fringe image, and solve the problems of shadow and break to a large extent, and consequently realize the fast on-line inspection. The principle of this technique is expatiated, and we prove the validity of it on the example of a two-projector system. The analysis of error and prerequisites of application are also presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the present study Renyi entropy and L–Z complexity were used to characterize heart rate variability (HRV) of rats that were suffered from brain asphyxia and ischemia. Two groups of rats were studied: (a) rats (n =5) injected with NAALADase inhibitor, 2-PMPA, which has been proven neuroprotective in asphyxia injury and (b) control subjects (n =5) without medication. Renyi entropy and L–Z complexity of the R–R intervals (RRI) at different experiment stages were investigated in the two groups. The results show that both measures indicate less injury and better recovery in the drug injection group. The dynamic change of 90min RRI signal after the asphyxia was investigated. The sudden reduction of the two parameters shows their sensitivity to the asphyxia insult. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel all-pass slot microring resonator (SMRR), intended for label-free optical biosensing based on silicon-on-insulator platforms, is proposed. The sensor consists of a bent asymmetric directional coupler and an asymmetric-slot microring waveguide. The appropriate slot width of 140 nm is identified by the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method for better light–matter interaction in applications. According to numerical calculations, the SMRR sensor with a footprint of 10 µm × 10 µm has a concentration sensitivity of 725.71 pm/% for sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. The corresponding refractive index sensitivity is 403 nm/RIU (refractive index unit), which is approximately six times greater than that of traditional microring resonator sensors. A low detection limit of 0.129% is also achieved. This SMRR is an excellent candidate for label-free optical biosensors due to its compact structure and excellent sensing capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moutan Cortex essential oil (MCEO) is considered to be a promising botanical insecticide. However, like most oils, MECO has several limitations, including instability and poor solubility. Nanoencapsulation technology is an excellent strategy for stabilizing essential oils because of its controlled release, enhanced efficacy, and strengthened biological activity. The present study investigated the acaricidal efficacy of pure MCEO and its encapsulated nanoemulsion (NE) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) against the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae using contact bioassays, fumigant bioassays, repellent bioassays, and the observation of toxic symptoms. MCEO-MSNs obtained in the study successfully encapsulated MCEO with an encapsulation efficiency of 63.83%. The acaricidal mortality experiments revealed that MCEO-NE and MCEO-MSN showed more significant toxicity against D. farinae than did pure MCEO. The nanomaterials showed better larvicidal and nymphicidal activities than pure MCEO at a high concentration (12-h LC90). Notably, the repellent effect experiment showed that MCEO-NE and MCEO-MSN had long-term and stable repellent effects on D. farinae, indicating the sustained release and persistence of the nanomaterials. More toxicity symptoms were observed in the IM-type group than in the KD-type group, suggesting that the MCEO nanoparticles have adverse effects on the respiratory system. Nanomaterials and MCEO promoted superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in D. farinae. In addition, the binding sites of paeonol to SOD and AChE were found through molecular docking. These findings demonstrate the potential of MCEO as a biological acaricide, which merits further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the separation of tungsten and molybdenum by selective precipitation is evaluated, and the addition of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), as complex agent, is developed to reduce Mo loss. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations show that manganese salt has selectivity to precipitate tungsten from molybdenum. Through single factor experiments, the influence of precipitation factors is studied systematically. The results show that CTAB can enhance the separation of molybdenum and tungsten by manganese salts. Under optimal conditions (temperature 50 °C, n(Mo)/n(CTAB) = 2, n(Mo)/n(W) = 10, time 1 h), the loss rate of Mo is 0.73%, the precipitation rate of W is 89.57%, and the separation factor is 2411.67, which is much higher than the separation factor of molybdenum and tungsten without CTAB. The results of XRD and SEM show that the precipitates mainly consist of MnWO 4 and a small amount of MnMoO 4 with the shape of the flower cluster composed of flakes. The complex effect of CTAB is verified by the simulation of Cambridge sequential total energy package (CASTEP). The results of geometric optimization, total energy and density of states together with FTIR spectra reveal the complex mechanism of CTAB with MoO 4 2−. As an inexpensive and green sorbent, CTAB can be used to enhance the effect of manganese salt precipitation method for selective separation of W and Mo ions. • The thermodynamic equilibrium calculation shows that it is feasible to separate Mo and W with Mn2+. • The complex of CTAB and MoO42− can reduce the loss of Mo and improve the separation effect. • The mechanism of CTAB improving the separation effect of W and Mo was calculated by CASTEP simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]