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Vertical vein (VV) ligation during total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) repair is controversial. While some surgeons prefer ligation of the VV to prevent adverse sequelae of shunting across it and to promote flow through the newly created anastomosis, others leave it to serve as a “pop off valve” to the left heart structures, which are believed to be hypoplastic and noncompliant, presumably contributing to a more favorable post-operative outcome. We report two patients post-Fontan procedure, who underwent cardiac catheterization to explore the etiology of hypoxia and were found to have a persistent VV responsible for right to left shunting. Both patients underwent closure of the VV with improvement in the cyanosis and clinical course. These cases provide evidence supporting surgical ligation of the VV at the time of TAPVR repair, especially in patients with single ventricle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]