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Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the stress distribution on three implant models with narrow and extra-narrow diameters using the finite element method (FEA). Materials and methods: Dental implants of extra-narrow diameter of 2.5 mm for a one-piece implant (group G1), a narrow diameter of 3.0 mm for a one-piece implant (group G2) and a narrow diameter of 3.5 mm for a two-piece implant with a Morse taper connection (group G3). A three-dimensional model was designed with cortical and cancellous bone, a crown and an implant/abutment set of each group. Axial and angled (30°) loads of 150 N was applied. The equivalent von Mises stress was used for the implants and peri-implant bone plus the Mohr-Coulomb analysis to confirm the data of the peri-implant bone. Results: In the axial load, the maximum stress value of the cortical bone for the group G1 was 22.35% higher than that the group G2 and 321.23% than the group G3. Whereas in angled load, the groups G1 and G2 showing a similar value (# 3.5%) and a highest difference for the group G3 (391.8%). In the implant structure, the group G1 showed a value of 2188MPa, 93.6% higher than the limit. Conclusions: The results of this study show that the extra-narrow one-piece implant should be used with great caution, especially in areas of non-axial loads, whereas the one- and two-piece narrow-diameter implants show adequate behavior in both directions of the applied load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distillation is widely used in industrial processes and laboratories for sample pre-treatment. The conventional apparatus of flash distillation is composed of heating source, distilling flask, condenser, and receiving flask. As disadvantages, this method shows manual and laborious analyses with high consumption of chemicals. In this paper, all these limitations were addressed by developing a fully integrated microscale distiller in agreement with the apparatus of conventional flash distillation. The main challenge facing the distillation miniaturization is the phase separation since surface forces take over from the gravity in microscale channels. Otherwise, our chip had ability to perform gravity-assisted distillations because of the somewhat large dimensions of the distillation chamber (roughly 900 μL) that was obtained by 3D-printing. The functional distillation units were integrated into a single device composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Its fabrication was cost-effective and simple by avoiding the use of cleanroom and bonding step. In addition to user-friendly analysis and low consumption of chemicals, the method requires cost-effective instrumentation, namely, voltage supply and analytical balance. Furthermore, the so called distillation-on-a-chip (DOC) eliminates the use of membranes and electrodes (usually employed in microfluidic desalinations reported in the literature), thus avoiding drawbacks such as liquid leakage, membrane fouling, and electrode passivation. The DOC promoted desalinations at harsh salinity (NaCl 600.0 mmol L −1 ) with high throughput and salt removal efficiency (roughly 99%). Besides, the method was used for determination of ethanol in alcoholic beverages to show the potential of the approach toward quantitative purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An integrated platform was developed for point-of-use determination of ethanol in sugar cane fermentation broths. Such analysis is important because ethanol reduces its fuel production efficiency by altering the alcoholic fermentation step when in excess. The custom-designed platform integrates gas diffusion separation with voltammetric detection in a single analysis module. The detector relied on a Ni(OH) 2 -modified electrode. It was stabilized by uniformly depositing cobalt and cadmium hydroxides as shown by XPS measurements. Such tests were in accordance with the hypothesis related to stabilization of the Ni(OH) 2 structure by insertion of Co 2+ and Cd 2+ ions in this structure. The separation step, in turn, was based on a hydrophobic PTFE membrane, which separates the sample from receptor solution (electrolyte) where the electrodes were placed. Parameters of limit of detection and analytical sensitivity were estimated to be 0.2% v/v and 2.90 μA % (v/v) −1 , respectively. Samples of fermentation broth were analyzed by both standard addition method and direct interpolation in saline medium based-analytical curve. In this case, the saline solution exhibited ionic strength similar to those of the samples intended to surpass the tonometry colligative effect of the samples over analyte concentration data by attributing the reduction in quantity of diffused ethanol vapor majorly to the electrolyte. The approach of analytical curve provided rapid, simple and accurate analysis, thus contributing for deployment of point-of-use technologies. All of the results were accurate with respect to those obtained by FTIR method at 95% confidence level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenol is an industrially key compound that has a wide range of applications and also one of the most commonly found toxic pollutants in wastewaters and groundwater. This paper demonstrates the applicability of in situ remediation at a deactivated industrial site using source zone excavation and sediment mixing associated with nutrients delivery into groundwater. Sediment excavation and mixing displaced the entrapped source zone enhancing mass transfer into groundwater and contaminant bioavailability. A nutrient solution prepared with nitrate, phosphate, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide was continuously delivered into groundwater to stimulate biodegradation and restrict plume migration. The observed correlation between phenol-dependent Enterobacteriaceae concentrations throughout the remediation time frame supported circumstantial evidence of biodegradation. Phenol concentration in groundwater (up to 1,300 mg/L) was reduced >99% after 5 months following remediation and remained under the established site specific target level (4 mg/L). Nitrate and phosphate concentrations returned to background concentrations levels at the end of the remediation. Overall, the proposed in situ remediation scheme was effective to remediate this particular aquifer contaminated with phenol for over 20 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work brings to quantify and provide benefits to using this early weaning protocol, showing the benefits for the calf and for females, it is multiparous and / or mostly gilts. Several studies on weaning weight in cattle, which show great variation in the average of this feature. This variation may be the result of genetic variation between arrays, food, reproductive and health management that varies from region to region and from farm to farm, in addition to the different programs of selection and genetic improvement of beef cattle used in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND This study evaluated the acceptability (by sensorial and visual analyses) of meat from 40 Nellore heifers (finished in feedlots for 73 days) fed with different diets supplemented with essential oils (EOs) and an active principle blend. The five diets tested were: CON – a diet without essential oil and active principle blend (eugenol, thymol, and vanillin); ROS – a diet supplemented with rosemary EO; BLE – supplemented with a blend; BCL – a diet with clove EO+ blend; and BRC – a diet with rosemary, clove EOs + blend. The acceptability of diet and aging time was evaluated by consumers. RESULTS: Diet affected consumer acceptability and visual analysis (meat color). The diets with EO and the blend showed better sensory acceptance by the consumers; meat aged for 7 days received higher scores than meat aged for 1 day. Meat from heifers that received both EOs + blend (BCL, BRC) obtained the highest scores in the visual evaluation. CONCLUSION: The use of natural compounds in ruminant diets improves the sensory characteristics of meat without damaging visual acceptability and may be an alternative to the conventional additive market. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work brings to quantify and provide benefits to using this early weaning protocol, showing the benefits for the calf and for females, it is multiparous and / or mostly gilts. Several studies on weaning weight in cattle, which show great variation in the average of this feature. This variation may be the result of genetic variation between arrays, food, reproductive and health management that varies from region to region and from farm to farm, in addition to the different programs of selection and genetic improvement of beef cattle used in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]