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Purpose: This study investigates the impact of board funds, banking credit, and economic development on food production in the context of South Asian economies (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal). Design/methodology/approach: This study used data from the World Development Indicators covering the years 1991–2019. To investigate the relationship between the variables of the study, we employed the panel unit root test, panel cointegration test, cross-sectional dependence test, fully modified least squares (FMOLS), and panel dynamic least squares (DOLS) estimators. Findings: The empirical results indicate that board funding significantly increase food production; however, banking credit had a negative impact. Furthermore, the findings indicate that economic development, Arable land, fertilizer consumption, and agricultural employment play a leading role in enhancing food production. The results of the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test also show substantiated the significance of the causal relationship among all variables. Practical implications: South Asian countries should prioritize board funding, bank credit, and economic development in their long-term strategies. Ensuring financial access for farmers through micro-credit and public bank initiatives can spur agricultural productivity and economic growth. Originality/value: This study is the first to combine board funding, banking credit, and economic development to better comprehend their potential impact on food production. Instead of using traditional approaches, this study focuses on these financial and developmental aspects as critical determinants for increasing food production, using evidence from South Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elimination of poverty and hunger in all its forms and dimensions is one of the key objective of global sustainable development (GSD). This paper analyzed the characteristics of literature release, research progress and frontier trends in the field of antipoverty in the past ten years by means of bibliometrics, and information visualization. Using CiteSpace to analyze the literature on anti-poverty in the core journals of Web of Science and Scopus (W&S), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The results showed that:(1) The heat of anti-poverty research is on the rise in both W&S and CNKI, the growth rate of Chinese literature published is significantly higher than that of English literature after 2015, but the international influence is not enough. (2) Researchers and institutions in W&S are more independent than in CNKI. The Chinese research team is more stable and larger, but it needs to be further strengthened in cross-institutional and interdisciplinary research. (3)The research content in W&S mainly focuses on influencing factors and poverty reduction mechanisms, ecosystem services, maternal health and sustainable development. According to the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China paid more attention to concrete ways to reduce poverty, and after completing the fight against absolute poverty by 2020, China will pay more attention to reducing relative poverty and solve multi-dimensional poverty problems by improving the security of medical care, education and housing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is the first effort to assess the long-term effects of change in climate on crop production in South Asian countries from 1991 to 2016 by employing the second-generation methods robust to cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity. Using panel data with the panel dynamic least squares (PD-LS) method and several co-integration approaches, this study confirmed a long-term co-integration among considered variables. The long-run estimates revealed that climatic variables, including temperature and CO2 emissions, negatively affected crop production, suggesting that a 1% increase in temperature and CO2 emissions reduces crop production by 1.93% and 0.32%, respectively. Conversely, precipitation positively affects crop production in the long-run, indicating that a 1% surge in precipitation increases crop production by 0.52%. Moreover, non-climatic variables including cultivated area, income level, and financial development positively affected crop production in the long-run. Furthermore, a 1% surge in cultivated area, income level, and financial development enhances crop production by 0.29%, 0.13%, and 0.04%, respectively. The outcomes of the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test confirmed that the causal link among all variables is significant, and outcomes verify the previous findings. This study suggests that urgent attention should be given to various adaptation strategies, such as credit supply, cropped area expansion, irrigation infrastructure enhancement, and the introduction of improved kinds of major food crops to enhance agricultural productivity. Besides, agricultural extension authorities should provide information about climate change to farming communities to deal with the adverse impacts of sudden climate changes on productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the impact of financial development on agricultural production in the case of China. The study used country level time‐series data for the period 1989 to 2016. We applied the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the long‐term cointegration relationship between underlying variables and the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) for robustness check. Results of this study confirm the existence of a long‐term relationship among the variables. The ARDL estimation results reveal that financial development has a significantly positive impact on agricultural production in both long‐run and short‐run. The fully modified OLS confirm the robustness of the findings. This study suggests that the Chinese government should pay more attention on long‐run policies to enhance agricultural growth through improving banking sectors, efficient rural credit markets, and increasing township banking infrastructures in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Impacts of climate change on major fruits production in Pakistan is examined. • The climatic variables such as temperature and CO 2 emissions negatively affected apples production. • Precipitation positively contributed towards apples production. • Furthermore, temperature also positively affected bananas production, while precipitation and CO 2 emissions have a negative impact on bananas output. • In addition, climatic variables all have a favorable impact on mangoes, guavas, and mangosteens production. The literature on the effect of climate change on agricultural products has grown over the years. However, evidence on how climate change affects fruit industry remains limited. This research fills the gap by estimating the effects of climatic parameters on major fruits production in Pakistan. In this study, the ARDL model is employed to estimate the long three decades of data. The ARDL Bounds testing approach confirmed the long-term co-integration of the variables under consideration. The findings show that climatological elements such as temperature and CO 2 emissions have a detrimental impact on apples output whereas precipitation has a favorable impact on both in the long and short run. Furthermore, the findings reveal that precipitation and CO 2 emissions have a negative impact on bananas output in Pakistan, both in the long and short run. Temperature, on the other hand, has a favorable and considerable effect on bananas output. In addition, the outcomes reveal that temperature, CO 2 emissions, and precipitation all have a favorable impact on mangoes, guavas, and mangosteens production in both the long and short run. The findings of this study guide the formulation of appropriate policies to mitigate the negative impacts of global warming on the fruits industry and ensure sustainable food production in the country to meet domestic demand and international trade goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of the current study is to examine the social issue of energy poverty from a multi-dimensional perspective in Pakistan’s national, sub-national, and urban-rural regions. The universally attributed Alkire and Foster indexing approach and globally organized PSLM (Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement) data from 2010–2011 to 2019–2020 were used to calculate numerical results. The study’s empirical findings emphasize that multiple-attribute energy poverty is primarily a rural phenomenon in Pakistan and its provinces. Furthermore, the time-variant situation reveals that with a shorter (longer) period, energy poverty exhibits a hybrid (declining) trend for Pakistan as a whole, its four provinces, and its regions. Finally, decomposability analyses of population subgroups and key dimensions show that households in two provinces (Sindh and KPK) and three attributes (cooking, home appliances, and entertainment) are the primary contributors to multi-dimensional energy poverty. Hence, to achieve the UN’s Millennium Development Goals, i.e., SDG7, by 2030, several measures must be implemented rapidly, particularly in rural areas and the provinces, especially Sindh and KPK, such as providing easy access to modern energy services, reducing load shedding and energy shortfalls through advanced technology adoption, and improving households’ living standards by reducing financial poverty. All of these solutions will assist in rapidly reducing energy poverty at all levels, paving the way for achieving the zero energy poverty goal (SDG7) by 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Impacts of climate change and technology on grain yields is examined. • In the presence of CSD, the second–generation estimation techniques are applied. • It is observed that temperature negatively affected grain yields across the quantiles. • Production inputs (i.e., fertilizer, pesticide, irrigated area) significantly improved grain yields across the quantiles. The adverse effect of rising temperatures on grain output is gradually spreading across China. On the other hand, technical developments have resulted in substantial changes in the agricultural production system over time. Hence, we assess the effect of temperature on grain yields in addition to the potential effect of some technological factors using a panel dataset spanning the period 1996 to 2020 for selected prominent grain-producing provinces in China: Anhui, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Neimenggu, Shandong, Sichuan, and Liaoning. We apply a novel Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MM-QR) and second–generation estimation techniques, which generate consistent and robust results in the presence of cross–sectional dependency (CSD). The empirical findings from the MM-QR estimator reveal that climate change (via temperature) significantly decreases the grain yields in overall quantiles and the higher negative impact was observed in the 75th and 95th quantiles, while technical factors, irrigated area, and financial support play a substantial role in improving the grain yields in China. In addition, the findings from the D–H panel causality method show the various flows of causal links between the selected variables, considering the grain–producing regions of China: grain yields → temperature, pesticide usage → grain yields, and financial support → grain yields. A bidirectional causality association is observed to exist between fertilizer usage ↔ grain yields, pesticide usage ↔ grain yields, and irrigated area ↔ grain yields. To ensure food security, China's prominent grain–growing regions should strengthen their technological innovation efforts and invest in research and development to produce new varieties that can withstand heat and drought stress and produce better grain yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of short-term loan (STL) vs long-term loan (LTL) on wheat productivity of small farms in Sindh, Pakistan.Design/methodology/approach The econometric estimation is based on cross-sectional data collected in 2016 from 18 villages in three districts, i.e. Shikarpur, Sukkur and Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan. The sample data set consist of 180 wheat farmers. The collected data were analyzed through different econometric techniques like Cobb–Douglas production function and Instrumental variables (two-stage least squares) approach.Findings This study reconfirmed that agricultural credit has a positive and highly significant effect on wheat productivity, while the short-term loan has a stronger effect on wheat productivity than the long-term loan. The reasons behind the phenomenon may be the significantly higher usage of agricultural inputs like seeds of improved variety and fertilizers which can be transformed into the wheat yield in the same year. However, the LTL users have significantly higher investments in land preparation, irrigation and plant protection, which may lead to higher wheat production in the coming years.Research limitations/implications In the present study, only those wheat farmers were considered who obtained agricultural loans from formal financial institutions like Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited and Khushhali Bank. However, in the rural areas of Sindh, Pakistan, a considerable proportion of small-scale farmers take credit from informal financial channels. Therefore future researchers should consider the informal credits as well.Originality/value This is the first paper to examine the effects of agricultural credit on wheat productivity of small farms in Sindh, Pakistan. This paper will be an important addition to the emerging literature regarding effects of credit studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This study examined the impact of Internet use on rice production in China. • We employed the FGLS technique and a novel method of MMQR. • Empirical findings reveal that Internet use significantly improved rice production. • Fertilizer, planting area, and energy use enhanced rice production substantially. ICTs play an increasingly crucial role in ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural production, particularly in emerging economies. The majority of survey-based literature focuses on Internet use and farmers' income, technical efficiency of agricultural production, the economic well-being of smallholder farmers, and market information, respectively. The present study, on the other hand, investigates explicitly the long-term effects of Internet use on rice production using panel data from the main rice-producing provinces of China for the period 2011–2020. Other key factors of rice production included in this study are chemical fertilizer, sown area, power consumption, public spending, and labour force. Using the cross-sectional time-series FGLS approach to control endogeneity issues, the results show that Internet use improves rice production in the long run, while the remaining determinants (chemical fertilizer, sown area, power consumption, and public spending) stimulate rice production in the long run. The D-K-SE and MMQR approaches confirm the substantial impact of important factors of rice production. Policymakers should improve Internet access and encourage the use of modern techniques to increase rice output in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We assessed the climate change impact on wheat production in China. • We employed the FGLS, DOLS, and D–K estimation techniques. • Temperature negatively affected wheat production in the long–run. • Precipitation contributed positively to wheat production in the long-run. • Agro–chemical input (fertilizer use) enhanced wheat production in the long–run. Northern and Southern regions are the two major wheat production belts of China. Agro–climatic resources have changed significantly in recent years, threatening staple food production in these regions. As a result, it is critical to investigate the long–term effect of climate change and agri–inputs on wheat production in China's top six wheat producing provinces (Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Hubei) from 1995 to 2020. The estimated long-run results from the FGLS, DOLS, and D–K estimators revealed that climatic factors, specifically temperature, had a negative impact on wheat production, while precipitation had a positive impact. The findings also revealed that agrochemical inputs, such as fertilizer, increases wheat production, whereas pesticide use decreases wheat production significantly. The results from the Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality test showed a bidirectional causality between rainfall, fertilizer use, and cultivated area with wheat production, while a unidirectional causality association is running from labor force to wheat production. The current study provides several critical policy recommendations for China's sustainable food production through green agricultural practices and robust climate mitigation strategies. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examine the effects of technological development (via fertilizer and pesticide consumption) and information and communication technology (ICT) on cereal production in four ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand) from 1991 to 2018. For empirical investigation, this study used advanced econometric methodologies. The estimated results demonstrate the long-run co-integration relationship between the variables. Pooled mean group (PMG)-based empirical results show that technological development (via fertilizer consumption and pesticide use) significantly increases cereal production in the long-run after confirming the long-run association among the variables of interest. Similarly, ICT also significantly enhances cereal production in the long-run. It has been thoroughly demonstrated that technological development and ICT play an important role in increasing cereal production and ensuring food security in the selected ASEAN countries. Furthermore, the findings of the Dumitrescu-Hurlin (D-H) causality test show unidirectional causality from fertilizer consumption and pesticide use to cereal production, as well as bidirectional causality between ICT and cereal production. In this regard, it is critical for local farmers to produce high added value through technological development while also serving as a regional base and supply center in agriculture. To ensure that technological innovations enhance productivity, ICT-based agriculture, and the adoption of technology in the production of agricultural products, governments should promote locally sustainable ICTs, such as mobile phones and Internet-based digital tools and services. [Display omitted] • The impacts of technological advancement and ICT on cereal production are examined. • Technological advancement and ICT enhance cereal production in the long-run. • Bidirectional causality is discovered between ICT and cereal production. • Unidirectional causality is shown from fertilizer and pesticide to cereal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban land serves as the medium for urban economic and residential activity. The degree of intensive and efficient use of urban land and the coordinated growth of the economy and society are significantly impacted by utilization efficiency. Northwest China's temperature, geography, water, and soil characteristics make less of the region suited for urban development. Thus, it is imperative to investigate Northwest China's urban land use efficiency (ULUE). This study applies the efficiency loss model to highlight the discrepancy between the optimal and actual values of each input-output variable of the ULUE, and uses the Super-SBM model to compute the ULUE of 39 cities. Additionally, the internal driving elements of the ULUE are examined using the Global Malmquist-Luenberger (GML) index. This study discovered that Northwest China had a low ULUE, with a modest upward trend seen between 2004 and 2018. The overall shape of the region was similar to an 'N' curve, with high efficiency values concentrated in the southeast of the region in 2018. When considering the agglomeration impact of urban agglomeration, these results are dependable. Moreover, the efficiency loss model discovered that pollution and wasteful resource usage were the main reasons behind the drop in ULUE in Northwest China. Finally, the GML index and its constituents revealed that the main force behind ULUE's growth in Northwest China is technological developments. This research provides important policy implications for reducing the gap between eastern and western regions, supporting high-quality development in northwest China, and protecting and intensively using urban land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examines the effect of global climate change (CO 2 emissions), financial development, and technical progress (fertilizer consumption and improved seed distribution) on cereal production in Pakistan over the 1977–2014 period. The study undertakes the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to investigate the long-term interrelation among the variables. The outcomes of the ARDL bounds-testing approach confirmed the presence of a long-term relationship among the variables. Empirical results revealed that CO 2 emissions have a negative impact on cereal production in the short-run and long-run. It means that increase in global climate change will decrease cereal production. Findings further showed that financial development has a positive impact on cereal production in both cases. It suggests that increasing financial development will enhance cereal production, which will ensure the country's food security. In addition, technical progress has a significantly positive impact on cereal production in both cases. The dynamic OLS, fully modified OLS, and the canonical cointegrating regression estimators confirmed the robustness of the findings. Financial development is essential for sustainable agriculture production; therefore, policymakers should devise a comprehensive agriculture policy that addresses the financial needs of the agriculture sector and attracts investment. The financial institutions may use carbon financing as a tool to intervene in the financial market to generate funds for the application of cleaner production principles and the use of best practices for agriculture development and sustainable production. Image 1 • We examined the impact of financial development, climate change, and technical progress on cereal production. • The ARDL approach is employed to explore the long-run relationship among the variables. • Findings reveal that financial development improves cereal production in both long-run and short-run. • CO 2 emissions have adverse impact on cereal production in both cases. • Technical progress will leads to increase cereal production in both long-run and short-run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to examine the long-term effects of financial development, economic growth, energy consumption (electricity consumption in the agriculture sector), foreign direct investment (FDI), and population on the environmental quality in Pakistan during the period of 1980 to 2016. We use CO2 emissions from the agriculture sector as a proxy indicator for environmental quality. We employ various unit root tests (e.g., ADF, PP, ERS, KPSS) and structural break unit root tests (Z&A, CMR) to check the stationarity and structural break in the data series. Cointegration tests, i.e., Johansen, Engle-Granger, and ARDL cointegration approaches are used to ensure their robustness. Results showed that significant long-term cointegration exists among the variables. Findings also indicated that an increase in financial development and foreign direct investment (FDI) improves environmental quality, whereas the increase in economic growth and electricity consumption in the agriculture sector degrades environmental quality in Pakistan. Based on the findings, we suggest policymakers should provide a conducive environment for foreign investment. Moreover, it is also suggested that a reliance on fossil fuels be reduced and a transition to renewable energy sources be encouraged to decrease the environmental pollution in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic conditions of rural households have changed because the extensive usage of the Internet technology in rural China. Hence, according to micro-survey data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2014, 2016 and 2018, in this work we use the Probit model to experimentally examine the association between cooking energy usage and Internet technology use in Chinese rural households. Research results showed that Internet technology use can significantly and positively influences the choice of Households' clean cooking energy, and further mechanism analysis reveals that off-farm employment as a partly mediator between the use of the Internet and the clean energy consumed by households. In particular, we further examine the region and age differences in Internet technology use and its household cooking energy consumption consequences. The assessment of the Internet technology used by rural residents' heterogeneity indicates that in the eastern region or the younger and middle-aged group of rural residents can better use the Internet technology to realize the households' cooking energy conversion. Therefore, in the context of global climate change and frequent catastrophic weather occurrences, we suggest that rural households should widely utilize the Internet, greatly expand off-farm employment channels, and accelerate the conversion and upgrading of cooking energy consumption in rural areas. • Impact of Internet use on rural households' fuel consumption in China is examined. • Data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2104, 2016 and 2018 is used in this study. • Probit model and the mediation effect model are applied. • Internet use significantly promotes household clean fuel consumption in rural China • Mechanism analysis reveals that non-agricultural employment plays a partial mediating role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this research was to determine the impact of renewable energy, alternative and nuclear energy, urbanization, energy use, and fossil fuel energy consumption on Romanian economic development. To investigate the relation between variables, we employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique in conjunction with FMOLS (Fully Modified Least Squares) and CCR (Canonical Cointegrating Regression). Long-run and short-run findings suggest that alternative and nuclear energy, as well as fossil fuel consumption, has a positive association with economic growth, but renewable energy, urbanization, and energy usage have an adversative relationship with economic growth. Similarly, FMOLS and CCR statistics indicate that alternative and nuclear energy and fossil fuel consumption have a favorable impact on economic development. Renewable energy consumption, urbanization, and energy use, on the other hand, revealed a negative connection with economic progress. Conservative solutions are necessary to implement appropriate policies to address energy consumption concerns in Romania in order to improve economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to investigate the effects of global climate change (via temperature and rainfall) on cereal production in Sichuan over the 1978–2018 period, whether agricultural credit combining with technical progress (i.e., mechanical farming rate) mitigate the effect of climate change. The present study empirically analyzed the short-term and long-term interrelation among all the considered variables by using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The results of the ARDL bounds testing revealed that there is a long-term cointegration relationship between the variables. The findings showed that temperature significantly negatively affected cereal production, while rainfall significantly contributed to cereal production in the context of Sichuan province, China. Agricultural credit, especially in the long run, significantly improved cereal production, implying that agricultural credit is used to invest in climate mitigation technologies in cereal production. Findings further indicated that the mechanical farming rate significantly enhanced cereal production, indicating that technical progress has been playing a vital role. This study suggests that the policymakers should formulate more comprehensive agricultural policies to meet the financial needs of the agricultural sector and increase support for production technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study sought to identify gender differences in individual behavioral attitudes, personal traits, and entrepreneurial education based on planned behavior theory. The Smart partial least squares (PLS) structural equation model and PLS path modeling were used. A survey design was used to collect data from 309 samples using quantitative measures. The model was tested for validity and reliability and showed variance (full, R2 = 58.9% and split, R2 = 62.7% and R2 = 52.7%) in male and female model predictive power, respectively. Subjective norms (SN), personality traits (PT), and entrepreneurial education (EE) significantly impacted the male sample's intention. Females' intentions toward entrepreneurship was less affected by attitude toward behavior (ATB), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and entrepreneurship education (EE). Further, attitudes, social norms, and behavioral controls as mediation variables indicate a significant and positive role of male and female intentions. These findings imply that behavioral beliefs (ATB, PBC, and SN) influence entrepreneurial intention-action translation. The results significantly supported the designed hypotheses and shed light on individual personality traits (PT) and entrepreneurship education (EE) underpinning enterprise intention. The study determined that EE and PT are the strongest predictors of intention, thus highlighting the role of these motives in the entrepreneurial process. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on youth entrepreneurs, expands our understanding of entrepreneurship as a practical career choice, and offers a novel account differentiating male and female PT. The drive to evaluate the effects of entrepreneurial intention among budding disparities in Pakistan requires a more profound knowledge of the aspects that endorse entrepreneurship as a choice of profession and enhances youth incentive abilities to engage in entrepreneurial activities based on exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the electricity production from different sources in Pakistan, and the contribution of these sources to economic growth. An ADF (Augmented Dickey-Fuller) unit root test was used to check the variables stationarity, while an ARDL bounds testing approach was used to check the long-term relationship among the study variables. Results illustrate that electricity produced from coal, hydropower, natural gas and nuclear sources has a significant influence on the economic growth of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of savings mobilization on access to credit among smallholder farmers' in the Birim central municipality of Ghana. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional primary data set was used to estimate the factors influencing smallholder farmers' access to credit and size of loan to be borrowed using the IV-Probit and IV-Tobit model. Findings: The results of the study revealed that savings mobilization has a positive significant impact on access to credit and the total amount of credit one can borrow as well. Other control variables such as transaction cost and farm size depicted a negative significant impact on access to credit. Land ownership, member of an association, household size, years of farming experience and education also showed a positive significant impact on access to credit. Research limitations/implications: The paper only examined the savings effect on credit accessibility among smallholder farmers in one of the municipality's in the Eastern region of Ghana. Future research should consider all or many municipality for an informed generalization of findings. Practical implications: This paper provides evidence that smallholder farmers knowledge on the financial market is poor and it would require the policymakers or NGOs to organize financial management training programs so that the farmers high ignorance of the financial market will significantly reduce. Originality/value: Although existing studies have examined smallholder farmers' access to credit, the unique contribution of this paper is the analysis of the impact of saving mobilization on credit accessibility in Ghana, a major access to credit determinant in the financial market. In addition, those researchers who factored in savings as an access to credit determinant did not also consider the casual relationship between these two variables, thus, the present of endogeneity of which this paper does. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high risk associated with fishing, access to credit becomes very difficult for fishermen. The study was conducted to investigate the determinants of credit constraint on artisanal fishermen with survey data collected from artisanal fishermen in the Western and Central Regions of Ghana. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for the study. Data collected were analyzed with the aid of descriptive and IV-Probit model. Most of the fishermen were in their youthful stage. From the study, while boat ownership and off-fishing activity reduce the probability being credit constrained, complex procedure, and disbursement time lag increase fishermen probability of being credit constrained. The findings of the study also indicated that there is a significant difference between constrained and unconstrained fishermen fishing activity and financial status. Therefore, fishermen in need of additional credit should be catered for to increase their production, hence, livelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation in international industrial transfer (IIT) provides a significant opportunity and a motivation to improve China's industrial land production efficiency (ILPE). This study aims to investigate the overall role, heterogeneous impact and indirect mechanism of IIT in improving Chinese ILPE. This paper uses the Directional Distance Functions - Data Envelope Analysis (DDF-DEA) model to measure ILPE, economic output efficiency, and pollution reduction efficiency, the Global Malmquist Luenberger (GML) index to decompose the growth of ILPE into "technical efficiency change (EC)" and "technological change (TC)". The panel data of Chinese provinces from 2003 to 2018 and the Fixed-Effect model is used to examine the impact of IIT on ILPE. The primary outcomes suggest that participation in IIT has generally improved the ILPE in China. This promotion effect is evident after 2010, and IIT has a significant impact on the improvement of ILPE in extensive and inefficient areas. Similarly, IIT promotes the economic output efficiency of industrial land from the perspective of expected output and reduces unexpected output. This impact helps in improving pollution reduction efficiency of industrial land. The technology spillover brought by IIT improves the Chinese ILPE from two channels, including promoting technological progress and improving technical efficiency. However, the technology spillover mainly promotes the ILPE in land use high-efficient areas by promoting technological progress. Likewise, the ILPE is promoted by improving technical efficiency from a regional perspective in extensive and inefficient areas. This study provides valuable insights for the improvement of ILPE to optimize land resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Devolving the CO 2 emission influence on climatic change, forestry, livestock and crops production. • Forestry, rainfall and temperature exposed a positive effect on CO 2 emission in the long-run analysis. • Forestry, crops production, livestock, population growth, rainfall and temperature also showed a positive effect on CO 2 emission in the short-run dynamics. Global warming is an important issue from the last few decades and causing climate change due to carbon dioxide emission and greenhouse gases emission. The present study's key aim is to decouple the carbon dioxide emission influence on forestry production, crops production, livestock production, energy usage, population growth, temperature and rainfall in Pakistan. Time series data was utilized ranging from 1970 to 2017, and stationarity of the data was verified by using the unit root tests, while vector autoregressive model was applied to demonstrate the dynamic interaction amid study variables. Furthermore, the Granger causality test was applied to check the causal relation amid variables. The long-run dynamics results through the vector autoregressive model show that forestry production, rainfall, and temperature have a constructive effect on carbon dioxide emission, while crops production, livestock production, energy use, and population growth have a negative effect on carbon dioxide emission. Short-run analysis outcomes also demonstrate that forestry production, crops production, livestock production, population growth, rainfall, and the temperature have a positive effect on carbon dioxide emission, while energy usage has an adverse impact on carbon dioxide emission in Pakistan. Similarly, Granger causality test results also exposed that all variables have a unidirectional association. The Pakistani government needs to take the requisite measures to curb carbon dioxide emission in order to improve agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the heterogeneous dynamic links among healthcare expenditures, land urbanization, and CO 2 emissions across the development levels of China. To this end, data of 27 Chinese provinces are considered from 1999 to 2018. Theoretically, this research developed a healthcare expenditures-augmented Stochastic Impacts of Regression by Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model to incorporate healthcare expenditures as a determinant of affluence. Empirically, this research established a system of simultaneous equations based on the healthcare expenditures-augmented STIRPAT model to estimate the links among the variables. As a pre-analysis, second-generation Westerlund cointegration is applied and found the long-term equilibrium association among the variables. The long-run estimations and short-run causality are done by employing dynamic common correlated effects mean group method (DCCEMGM) and Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality. A heterogeneous long-run equilibrium linkage is confirmed to exist among the variables of interest. Concerning the long-run estimates, firstly, the healthcare expenditures growth and land urbanization exhibited a bilateral positive link. Secondly, CO 2 emissions and healthcare expenditures growth manifested the existence of a bilateral positive link. And thirdly, a unilateral positive (negative) link is revealed to exist from a linear term (squared term) of land urbanization to CO 2 emissions. Concerning the short-run results, firstly, a bilateral causal bond exists between the land urbanization and healthcare expenditures growth. Secondly, a bilateral causal bond prevails between CO 2 emissions growth and healthcare expenditures growth. Finally, a unilateral causal bond is operational from land urbanization to CO 2 emissions growth. In terms of the nature of the link, the long-run findings are consistent across the data samples. However, considering the degree of influence, heterogeneity is confirmed across the development levels for both long- and short-run. It infers that relatively more (less) developed regions showed relatively strong (weak) influence. Based on empirical findings, relevant policies are recommended. Unlabelled Image • Integrated healthcare expenditures to STIRPAT model as a component of 'Affluence' • Westerlund's cointegration and dynamic common correlated effects mean group method were applied. • Healthcare expenditures, land urbanization, and CO 2 emissions were interlinked in the long-run. • Bilateral positive causal bond of healthcare expenditures with land urbanization and CO 2 emissions • Unilateral positive (negative) causal bond of land urbanization (squared land urbanization) with CO 2 emissions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]