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In this paper, a novel photovoltaic (PV) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on biological swarm chasing behavior is proposed to increase the MPPT performance for a module-integrated PV power system. Each PV module is viewed as a particle, and as a result, the maximum power point is viewed as the moving target. Thus, every PV module can chase the maximum power point (MPP) automatically. A 525 W prototype constructed by three parallel-connected 175 W PV modules is implemented to assess the MPPT performance. Comparing with a typical perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT method, the MPPT efficiency ηMPPT is improved about 12.19% in transient state by the proposed MPPT as theoretical prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct coupling of a variety of amides with CH 2Cl 2or CD 2Cl 2promoted by TiCl 4/Mg/THF provides an extremely simple, practical, selective, and efficient approach for the construction of methyl ketones. The efficiency and practicability of this chemistry is illustrated by the very simple synthesis of deuterated methyl ketones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ti-Mg-dichloromethylene complexes derived from the oxidative addition of CCl4 to the Mg-TiCl4 bimetallic species serve as a novel class of ambiphilic dichlorocarbenoid equivalents. Not only is Ti-Mg-dichlorocarbenoid highly selective but also it seems highly reactive in both alkene cyclopropanations and carbonyl dichloromethylenations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel series of N-linked β-d-xylosides were synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity against sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in a cell-based assay. Of these, the 4-chloro-3-(4-cyclopropylbenzyl)-1-(β-d-xylopyranosyl)-1H-indole 19mwas found to be the most potent inhibitor, with an EC50value similar to that of the natural SGLT2 inhibitor phlorizin. Further studies in Sprague−Dawley (SD) rats indicated that 19msignificantly increased urine glucose excretion in a dose-dependent manner with oral administration. The antihyperglycemic effect of 19mwas also observed in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic SD rats. These results described here are a good starting point for further investigations into N-glycoside SGLT2 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]