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This article discusses two separate topics related to East Asian history. The first topic focuses on a sourcebook on the Imjin War, which was compiled by a Japanese historian named Kitajima. The sourcebook contains a collection of historical documents from Japan, Korea, and China, providing valuable insights into the war. However, the sourcebook has some shortcomings, including typographical errors, a lack of an index, and questionable selection criteria for the historical documents. The second topic examines the economic relationship between Joseon Korea and the Qing Dynasty, specifically through the Junggang border market. The article highlights the changes and dynamics of the market, as well as the trade relationships between Korea, Japan, and the Qing Empire. The study emphasizes the need for collaborative research among scholars from different countries to gain a comprehensive understanding of the war and trade relationships in East Asia. [Extracted from the article]

The king of a lesser power like Wang Ki was to serve the empire when called upon, and the Mongol emperor was to protect the lesser polities like Koryo with his might. While Wang Ki emphasized his and his dynasty's peninsular heritage, he grew up as a collateral Chinggisid aristocrat, personally served the emperor for a decade, and married Mongol royalty to strengthen his pedigree. On the other hand, scholars of China and the Mongol Empire have often overlooked Wang Ki's policies as mere aberrations of a collateral Chinggisid polity. [Extracted from the article]

In 2006 North Korea raised its well-honed skill at brinkmanship to a new height. In July it tested seven missiles and, three months later, a modest-sized plutonium-fueled bomb. The response of the United Nations Security Council was swift, imposing on North Korea stringent sanctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventionally a phase-shift detection method (PSDM) and a frequency-shift detection method (FSDM) have been used in loop detectors. The PSDM has a fast response time and is very effective in detecting vehicles traveling at normal speeds. However, it is well known that the detection results are erroneous for vehicles traveling at low speeds in heavy traffic conditions. On the other hand, the FSDM greatly improves the detector performance for heavy traffic conditions. However, this method is not effective in fast and normal traffic conditions. Thus, in order to collect accurate traffic data for all traffic conditions, this paper proposes combining two methods using the digital OR logic. In the developed circuit, a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit is used for measuring the phase change. This paper also develops a new loop detector instrumentation method using the so-called M circuit for detecting frequency change. The developed method has been tested for various traffic conditions. Experimental results show that the new combined M and PLL detection method greatly improves the accuracy in all traffic conditions, reducing the error rate in measuring traffic flow by more than 83%, when compared to the PSDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]