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Organizational culture in sports affects well-being, performance, and overall success. Although team culture has been explored within able-bodied teams, little is known about culture development within parasport. Using a descriptive case study approach, our study examined the culture development and experiences of an elite parasport team. Two semistructured individual telephone interviews were conducted with nine participants (athletes and staff), and one athlete-participant completed one interview. An inductive thematic analysis revealed two themes: approach to culture development and team culture components. Culture development was linked with facilitative leadership and important resources. This supported the team to create their shared values and mechanisms, including a behavioral framework, other artifacts (e.g., shared language and team motto), and a relaxed environment. These helped to maintain their agreed culture and benefited their well-being, progress, and team cohesion. Our results offer a starting point regarding research into the culture of elite parasport and have practical implications for managers, coaches, and psychologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insect pollinators, which are ectothermic, are especially sensitive to abiotic conditions, which often drive predictable patterns of pollinator species turnover along environmental gradients. However, pollinator activity is also reliant on suitable biotic conditions, such as the presence of host plants. High‐elevation environments provide a useful setting to examine the relative contribution of abiotic and biotic factors in shaping species interactions as they are often characterised by strong environmental gradients over short geographic distances. Here, we examined pollination interaction networks across an elevational gradient from 930–2000 m a.s.l. in southern Australia, to determine the underlying patterns of pollinator activity and their interactions with flowers. Interaction frequency of Diptera increased at high elevations, while interaction frequency of Hymenoptera and Coleoptera decreased. We provide evidence that this elevational pattern of activity is partly driven by floral associations, with interactions dominated by Hymenoptera‐attracting plant families at lower elevations (Proteaceae, Fabaceae) and a Diptera‐attracting family at high elevation (Asteraceae). Pollinator activity was also influenced by weather conditions, with reduced activity for all three orders at lower temperatures, and Diptera active across the broadest range of temperature, humidity and wind conditions. We suggest that changes across elevation gradients in pollinator community composition are driven by both direct responses to abiotic conditions such as temperature, as well as the elevational distribution patterns of associated flowering plants. Despite these distinct shifts in composition of the pollinator assemblage with elevation, pollination network structure was stable across the elevational gradient, with moderate levels of specialisation and low levels of connectance and nestedness present across the gradient. By considering both abiotic conditions and biotic processes, our results provide insight for predicting the impacts of upslope vegetation shifts on pollinator communities in the face of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores development of the Greater Bay Area (GBA) as it aspires to become a leading international education hub, set against the backdrop of established hubs in Malaysia, Qatar and the San Francisco Bay Area. Through a comparative analysis grounded in an adapted George Keller framework, the research investigates the internal and external dynamics influencing the internationalization strategies of these regions. The findings highlight the critical role of leveraging unique regional identities, navigating global trends alongside local adaptations and prioritizing collaboration over competition. Interviews with experts within the GBA provide formative insights into the necessary steps for advancing its internationalization, including the need for a unified regional strategy, addressing systemic and policy barriers and fostering a unique cultural identity. The study contributes to both theoretical and policy discourses on higher education internationalization by offering a comprehensive framework for understanding and analysing strategic development in emerging education hubs. It underscores the importance of adaptive strategies that are responsive to global educational trends, rooted in local strengths and geared towards fostering collaborative, innovative ecosystems. The GBA's journey towards internationalization exemplifies the challenges and opportunities faced by new entrants in the global education arena, providing valuable lessons for other regions with similar aspirations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a conceptual framework of the dimensions of a toxic culture in higher education and the impact it has on the meaning of work. Seven dimensions of a toxic culture in higher education are presented as follows: toxic leadership; bullying and mobbing; colleagues as enablers; reinforced toxic social norms; purposeful, chaotic change; manipulation of systems, structures and processes; and weaponization of the work itself. The article then discusses how the harmful individual outcomes of working in a toxic culture change the meaning of work from meaningful to meaningless, and the corresponding organizational outcomes. These include high turnover; decreased performance and productivity; lack of effective problem solving; increased expenses for legal, healthcare, unemployment, recruitment and the inability to recruit new talent. Recommendations are provided for systemic culture change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preliminary data in a randomly selected pediatric cohort study in 8-year-olds suggested a rate of positivity to a methacholine challenge test that was unexpectedly high, roughly 30%. The current recommendation for a negative methacholine test is a 20% decrease in the forced expiratory volume in one second at a dose greater than 400 μg. This was derived from studies in adults using the obsolete English Wright nebulizer. One explanation for the high incidence of positivity in the study in 8-year-olds could be that children deposit more methacholine on a μg/kg basis than adults, due to differences in their breathing patterns. The purpose of this study was to determine if pediatric breathing patterns could result in a higher dose of methacholine depositing in the lungs of children based on μg/kg body weight compared with adults. Methods: An AeroEclipse Breath Actuated nebulizer delivered methacholine aerosol, generated from a 16 mg/mL solution, for one minute, using age-appropriate breathing patterns for a 70 kg adult and a 30 and 50 kg child produced by a breathing simulator. Predicted lung deposition was calculated from the collected dose of methacholine on a filter placed at the nebulizer outport, multiplied by the fraction of the aerosol mass contained in particles ≤5 μm. The dose of methacholine on the inspiratory filter was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Particle size was measured using laser diffraction technology. Results: The mean (95% confidence intervals) predicted pulmonary dose of methacholine was 46.1 (45.4, 46.8), 48.6 (45.3, 51.9), and 36.1 (34.2, 37.9) μg/kg body weight for the 30 kg child, 50 kg child, and 70 kg adult, respectively. Conclusions: On a μg/kg body weight, the predicted pulmonary dose of methacholine was greater with the pediatric breathing patterns than with the adult pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Better diet quality had a direct (beneficial) effect on pain. • Higher consumption of core foods was related to less pain in women, but not men. • Adiposity did not mediate the relationship between diet quality and pain. • Strategies for pain management should consider diet quality. Dietary intake has been associated with pain and physical function, but it is unclear if these relationships are mediated by adiposity. Data were derived from the Whyalla Intergenerational Study of Health (n = 654, 57% women). Structural equation modelling tested the hypotheses that adiposity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), or body fat (BF, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry)) would mediate the relationship between diet quality (Dietary Guideline Index (DGI) total, core, or non-core scores) and pain (Short Form-36 bodily pain scale (SF36-BPS)), or physical function (grip-strength), overall, and by gender. Adiposity did not mediate a relationship between DGI scores and pain. Direct effects were observed between DGI total scores and SF36-BPS accounting for BMI (β = 0.170, 95% CI 0.002, 0.339), and between DGI core food scores and SF36-BPS (BMI, β = 0.278, 95% CI 0.070, 0.486; WC, β = 0.266, 95% CI 0.058, 0.474; BF, β = 0.266, 95% CI 0.060, 0.473). In women, direct effects existed between DGI scores and SF36-BPS (DGI total scores, BMI, β = 0.388, 95% CI 0.162, 0.613; WC, β = 0.372, 95% CI 0.146, 0.598; BF, β = 0.382, 95% CI 0.158, 0.605, and DGI core scores, BMI, β = 0.482, 95% CI 0.208, 0.757; WC, β = 0.472, 95% CI 0.197, 0.747; BF, β = 0.467, 95% CI 0.195, 0.739), and DGI total scores and grip-strength (BMI, β = 0.075, 95% CI 0.008, 0.142; WC, β = 0.076, 95% CI 0.009, 0.143; BF, β = 0.079, 95% CI 0.011, 0.146). Better diet quality is associated with lower bodily pain, irrespective of adiposity. Findings highlight the potential role of diet quality in pain management and function, particularly in women. A cross-sectional study of 654 Australian adults (57% women) from the WISH found better diet quality, particularly the intake of core foods, assessed via the DGI, was associated with lower body pain. These findings were most pronounced in women. Mediation analyses did not show any influence of adiposity in this relationship. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DGI, Dietary Guideline Index; WISH, Whyalla Intergenerational Study of Health. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To understand the challenges of managing diabetes mellitus alongside dementia • To learn about the importance of sharing patient information among healthcare professionals in various settings • To consider how the use of IT might promote more effective communication between specialties. Background: Managing diabetes mellitus alongside the onset and development of dementia poses many challenges for those living with these conditions as well as their families, carers and service providers. Aim: To describe nurses’ positive experiences when managing adults with diabetes and dementia, as well as the issues and challenges. Method: Qualitative, semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with community and diabetes specialist nurses drawn from five health and social care trusts. Findings: Four themes were identified: whose responsibility is it?; community and diabetes specialist nurses – the pivot point; education to manage comorbidities; and interprofessional communication. Conclusion: Community and diabetes specialist nurses experience many challenges when supporting individuals living with diabetes and dementia. Sharing patient information among practitioners in different settings is critically important. IT could overcome the limitations of note-keeping ‘silos’, but further education is recommended to establish more effective communication and partnership working. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Decision thresholds play important role in medical decision-making. Individual decision-making differences may be attributable to differences in subjective judgments or cognitive processes that are captured through the decision thresholds. This systematic scoping review sought to characterize the literature on non-expected utility decision thresholds in medical decision-making by identifying commonly used theoretical paradigms and contextual and subjective factors that inform decision thresholds. Methods: A structured search designed around three concepts—individual decision-maker, decision threshold, and medical decision—was conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid) and Scopus databases from inception to July 2023. ProQuest (Dissertations and Theses) database was searched to August 2023. The protocol, developed a priori, was registered on Open Science Framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed for reporting on this study. Titles and abstracts of 1,618 articles and the full texts for the 228 included articles were reviewed by two independent reviewers. 95 articles were included in the analysis. A single reviewer used a pilot-tested data collection tool to extract study and author characteristics, article type, objectives, theoretical paradigm, contextual or subjective factors, decision-maker, and type of medical decision. Results: Of the 95 included articles, 68 identified a theoretical paradigm in their approach to decision thresholds. The most common paradigms included regret theory, hybrid theory, and dual processing theory. Contextual and subjective factors that influence decision thresholds were identified in 44 articles. Conclusions: Our scoping review is the first to systematically characterizes the available literature on decision thresholds within medical decision-making. This study offers an important characterization of the literature through the identification of the theoretical paradigms for non-expected utility decision thresholds. Moreover, this study provides insight into the various contextual and subjective factors that have been documented within the literature to influence decision thresholds, as well as these factors juxtapose theoretical paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stereolithography enables the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) freeform structures via light-induced polymerization. However, the accumulation of ultraviolet dose within resin trapped in negative spaces, such as microfluidic channels or voids, can result in the unintended closing, referred to as overcuring, of these negative spaces. We report the use of injection continuous liquid interface production to continuously displace resin at risk of overcuring in negative spaces created in previous layers with fresh resin to mitigate the loss of Z-axis resolution. We demonstrate the ability to resolve 50-µm microchannels, breaking the historical relationship between resin properties and negative space resolution. With this approach, we fabricated proof-of-concept 3D free-form microfluidic devices with improved design freedom over device material selection and resulting properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on her evolving relationship with writing, particularly in the realm of dance criticism. Topics include her encounters with renowned critics like Robert Gottlieb and Alastair Macaulay, her struggle with the tension between being a performer and a critic, and her experiences writing for PAJ under the supportive editorial guidance of Bonnie Marranca.

Although research on ethnic–racial socialization is well established, limited studies have examined the influence of specific, highly publicized anti‐Black murders. We assessed Black mothers' (N = 12, mean age = 37.45) concerns and ethnic–racial socialization with adolescents aged 11–18 years old approximately 1 year following the murders of George Floyd and other unarmed Black people. Researchers generated the following themes using reflexive thematic analysis: protecting adolescents from physical harm; protecting adolescents from psychological harm; parents' emotional distress; and parents' lack of confidence in their ethnic–racial socialization practices. Black mothers exhibit exceptional amounts of strength and courage as they navigate pervasive physical and psychological threats to their adolescents while experiencing worry and low confidence in their ability to socialize their adolescents about anti‐Black racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textbooks for social science research suggest that studies are necessarily grounded in foundational philosophies that shape the research process. However, the literature does not provide a consistent picture of how philosophical positions shape research, and few studies have investigated researchers' own ideas about this process. This study aimed to classify researchers' descriptions of how philosophical positions connect to aspects of the research process and to investigate metaphors used to describe these connections. From a sample of 1500 journal articles, 73 papers were found that directly mentioned a philosophical position. The analysis found that philosophical positions are most often connected with study design and methodology, or with concepts and theories. The connections include that philosophical positions result in, support, match and result from aspects of the research process, and that philosophical assumptions could be inherent in methodologies and theories. Metaphorically, philosophical positions were a tool, path, location, support, resource, person and seeing. These classification frameworks can be used in future research to understand how researchers conceptualize philosophical positions and how this influences their decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractMental health professionals are at a heightened risk of secondary traumatic stress (STS) due to the higher prevalence of trauma-exposed individuals seeking clinical help compared to the general population. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to explore the association between exposure to workplace violence (WPV) and secondary traumatic stress, and the potential mitigating effects of organizational support and (2) to examine how the workplace setting (inpatient vs outpatient) affects the experience of STS. The study was cross-sectional. Over 58 days, survey data was collected from mental health professionals working in both inpatient and outpatient settings. A total of 2,549 professionals responded. The overall prevalence of STS across settings was 87%. The highest reported secondary traumatic stress levels were among nurse practitioners/APRNs (49.29%), followed by nurses (47.94%) and psychiatrists (46.85%). Levels of STS occurred at slightly higher levels among professionals in outpatient settings (48.39%) than those in inpatient settings (45.11%). Increased exposure to WPV correlated with higher levels of STS, while higher levels of perceived organizational support (POS) had a moderating effect on STS levels. This study suggests that STS is a significant phenomenon and that mental health professionals are at risk for developing the condition. Organizational support can play a role in mitigating the effects of WPV and STS. Interventions aimed at improving organizational support and building psychological resilience may help reduce the prevalence of STS among this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildlife managers translocate Centrocercus urophasianus (Greater Sage-Grouse) to augment small populations, but translocated C. urophasianus often fail to reproduce post-release, hampering conservation objectives. We performed 2 C. urophasianus translocations in California and North Dakota from 2017 to 2020 using 2 methods at both sites: an established method of translocating females prior to nesting (i.e. a pre-nesting translocation), and a novel method wherein females were translocated with chicks after successfully hatching nests in source populations (i.e. a brood translocation). We radio-marked and monitored 135 translocated females and 284 source population females and used count data from leks in recipient and source populations to evaluate each method. Using an integrated population model (IPM), we estimated demographic parameters, including recruitment, by females translocated with each method. We estimated the finite rate of change in abundance (⁠ λ ^ ⁠) in recipient and source populations given multiple simulated translocation strategies using each method and evaluated them using a cost–benefit metric (i.e. a ratio of the simulated change in abundance at recipient and source sites). We found that recruitment in recipient populations was substantially higher when brood translocations were employed compared to when pre-nesting translocations were employed. Most females translocated pre-nesting forewent reproduction entirely, whereas most females translocated with their broods successfully reared offspring in recipient populations. A per capita comparison revealed that brood translocations resulted in λ ^ that were 11–30% greater than pre-nesting translocations, but also revealed that the removal of brood-rearing females from source populations resulted in larger reductions in λ ^ when compared with prenesting translocations. However, reductions in λ ^ were small and the estimated cost–benefit metrics indicated that translocation of females with broods was a more effective method at spurring growth in recipient populations while minimizing impacts to source populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lychee pepper spot, a field disease affecting lychee fruit skin, pedicels and petioles, is caused by Colletotrichum siamense, a fungal pathogen within the gloeosporioides species complex. Members of Colletotrichum from the gloeosporioides species complex and occasionally those from the acutatum species complex also cause postharvest anthracnose of lychee. Pepper spot was first described in Australia many years after anthracnose on lychee was first described, giving rise to the hypothesis that a novel species or strain within the gloeosporioides species complex causes pepper spot. In the present study, 19 isolates of Colletotrichum spp., collected from pepper spot and anthracnose symptoms on lychee fruit, representing 13 different genotypes across five species, were inoculated onto lychee fruit in the field or on detached fruit in the laboratory, to understand more about their pathogenic diversity. We found that symptoms were specific to genotype of the pathogen, as three genetically similar isolates of C. siamense consistently caused pepper spot and anthracnose, whilst other isolates caused anthracnose only. Cross‐inoculation studies on detached fruit of lychee, banana, avocado and mango also provided some evidence of host specialization in isolates of C. siamense infecting lychee in Australia. Our experiments provided further evidence that detached fruit assays cannot be used as a reliable proxy for field inoculation studies. This research confirms that C. siamense is a causal agent of both lychee pepper spot and lychee anthracnose in Australia, and Colletotrichum alienum and Colletotrichum queenslandicum are reported as causal agents of anthracnose of lychee for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document offers guidance to medical students on how to prepare for virtual residency interviews. It emphasizes the importance of creating a professional environment, including having a neat background and reliable internet. The document also provides advice on personal appearance, backup devices, and researching the interviewers. It suggests practicing mock interviews and provides a template for structuring answers. The document encourages authenticity and highlighting strengths and experiences. Additionally, it provides guidance on asking relevant questions, handling uncomfortable experiences, and making the most of downtime during the interview day. Thorough preparation and follow-up are also emphasized. [Extracted from the article]

The article addresses the growing concentration of political and economic power in the hands of a small number of index and private equity funds, referred to as the "problem of twelve." Topics include the historical shift of corporate influence since the 1970s, the rise of institutional investors and their political involvement, and the increasing tension between private equity and public companies.

Incorporating essential oils as dietary supplements in aquaculture is increasing in popularity. In prawn farming, their use is associated with reduced disease outbreaks, enhanced immunity, and improved animal growth and welfare. Herein, we explored the use of lemon beebrush essential oil (Aloysia triphylla; EOAT) in the diet of juvenile giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and its potential impact on growth performance and oxidative status of the hepatopancreas. Four hundred juvenile M. rosenbergii (0.40 ± 0.19 g, similar weights between sexes) were fed diets containing concentrations of EOAT at 0.0% (control), 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.3% for 50 days. Each experimental group had five replicates, with 20 prawns per experimental unit. Prawn survival remained above 84% for all experimental groups. Prawn weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and body condition were similar among all experimental groups. Dietary EOAT increased activities of the enzymatic antioxidants, catalase and superoxide dismutase, and varied glutathione S transferase activity in the hepatopancreas of prawns when compared to those fed the control diet. Dietary EOAT did not affect malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation) levels. While EOAT had no impact on survival and growth of M. rosenbergii, it may modulate the detoxification capacity of the hepatopancreas (i.e., metabolic resistance). Future work should prospect EOAT as part of a nutraceutical blend, especially when combined with known growth enhancers and immune stimulants. Based on our results, dietary inclusion of 0.2% EOAT is the most suitable for juvenile M. rosenbergii farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite considerable research globally on postharvest diseases of mango, virtually no work has been done to determine the occurrence of these diseases and their causal agents in Fiji. This study is the first major field and market survey of postharvest diseases of mango in Fiji. For the field survey, fruits from five local mango cultivars were harvested at each of five locations. Fruits from five imported cultivars were also harvested from one location in Nadi. For the market survey, vendors were selected at five municipal markets for fruit collection, along with ten roadside stalls. For field and market surveys, fruits were incubated at 23°C and assessed for postharvest disease (incidence and severity of body rots and stem end rots) when ripe. Isolations were made from disease lesions and fungal cultures were identified using multilocus sequence typing. High incidences of body and stem end rots were recorded across all surveys. In the field survey of local cultivars, 'Salusalu' fruits were found to have the lowest severity of body rot and stem end rot on average, while for imported cultivars, 'Nam Doc Mai' had the lowest average severity of these diseases. The market survey showed that 'Salusalu' had a lower incidence of anthracnose on the body of fruit compared to all other cultivars, although it did have a surprisingly high incidence of stem end rot at some localities. Fungal isolates from anthracnose lesions in the field and market surveys were identified as Colletotrichum asianum, C. simmondsii and C. fructicola. C. asianum was the predominant species associated with anthracnose symptoms, accounting for 97% of isolations. Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum were the predominant species found in association with mango stem end rot symptoms. Other species isolated from mango stem end rot in lesser numbers included L. brasiliensis, N. umdonicola and N. kwambonambiense. All of these fungi represent new reports for Fiji. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outdoor recreational use is growing rapidly in the western United States, which increases the pressure on multiple‐use public lands. Balancing recreational use with conservation goals requires considering the spatial and temporal intensity of recreational use and examining its effects on multiple species within an ecosystem. In 2019–2021, we assessed the relationship between recreational intensity and the abundance of a dominant prey species (Piute ground squirrel [Urocitellus mollis]), the abundance of avian and mammalian facultative scavengers that rely on ground squirrels, and the abundance and nesting success of ground‐nesting birds at a national conservation area in southwestern Idaho, USA, where recreational shooting and off‐highway vehicle use are the primary recreational activities. Recreational intensity varied across the study site. The abundance of ground squirrels was not related to recreational intensity. The abundance of common ravens (Corvus corax) and the abundance of American badgers (Taxidea taxus), 2 common facultative scavengers, were both positively associated with recreational intensity, while the abundance of other avian facultative scavengers was not related to recreational intensity. The abundance of horned larks (Eremophila alpestris) and nesting success of long‐billed curlews (Numenius americanus), a more sensitive species, were negatively related to recreational intensity. Together, our results highlight the importance of considering variation in recreational intensity and the effect of recreation on multiple guilds within the ecosystem. An improved understanding of these relationships can be used with public land management to protect wildlife while providing opportunities for outdoor recreation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of invasive species populations can threaten the ecological balance in naïve habitats and impact agricultural production practices. Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (old-world bollworm, OWBW) and Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm, CEW) were geographically separated prior to the 2013 report of OWBW invasion into South America. Introgression of OWBW-specific cytochrome P450 337B3 (CYP337B3) gene into CEW was repeatedly detected across South America and the Caribbean. Two hybrids were documented from Texas in 2019. In this study, screening insects collected in Olathe, CO, USA, where a failure of pyrethroids to control CEW damage to conventional sweetcorn in 2023 detected 28.6% of insects with the OWBW-specific CYP337B3 marker. Nucleotide sequencing of the CYP337B3 gene identified 73.1% and 26.9% of insects carried CYP337B3v2 and CYP337B3v6 alleles, respectively, and 0.15 overall frequency of CYP337B3 alleles. Based on prior data for distinct phylogeographic origins of CYP337B3v2 and v6 alleles, our results indicate Olathe samples were derived from 2 different introductions: An uncertain source of the v6 allele that was initially reported in West Africa and possibly South American or Caribbean origin of the globally distributed v2 allele. One of the 1618 individuals screened also carried a ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer 1 derived from OWBW. Local selection pressures at the Olathe location imposed by repeated pyrethroid exposures are likely attributed to the prevalence of CYP337B3, where control practices hasten the accumulation of phenotypic resistance by adaptive introgression. Pyrethroid and other resistance factors carried by invasive OWBW may continue to impact CEW management tactics across the Americas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aimed to examine the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and trait narcissism, and whether the strength of this relationship differs depending on narcissism type (grandiose or vulnerable), the type of violence perpetrated, or the perpetrator's gender. Scopus, Medline, PsycInfo, and Academic Search Complete databases were searched on August 11, 2022. Studies were included if they were in English, measured IPV perpetration and trait narcissism, and examined the relationship between trait narcissism and IPV perpetration. Studies were excluded if they were review papers, conference extracts, book chapters, or if the data was not specific to trait narcissism. The AXIS tool was used to assess the quality and risk of bias of the studies. Twenty-two studies (N = 11,520 participants) were included in the random effects meta-analysis revealing a significant, weak, positive relationship between trait narcissism and IPV perpetration, r =.15. Subgroup analyses revealed physical IPV perpetration was not significantly related to trait narcissism while cyber and psychological IPV perpetration were significantly, positively, weakly related to trait narcissism. No significant difference in the strength of the relationship with IPV perpetration was found between males and females. The relationship between trait narcissism and IPV perpetration was significantly greater for vulnerable narcissism than grandiose narcissism. Overall, the quality of the included studies was high, and risk of bias was low. All measures were self-report and underreporting could be present given both narcissistic traits and IPV perpetration are considered socially undesirable. Future research examining these relationships should specify IPV and narcissism types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We assessed and compared immunologic differences and associations with clinical response to guselkumab, a fully human interleukin (IL)–23p19 subunit inhibitor, in participants with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who were biologic‐naive or had inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi‐IR). Methods: Serum biomarker levels at baseline and after treatment with guselkumab 100 mg every 8 weeks were compared between biologic‐naive (n = 251) and TNFi‐IR (n = 93) subgroups identified in the pooled DISCOVER‐1/DISCOVER‐2/COSMOS data set. Baseline biomarker levels determined by achievement of week 24 clinical responses (≥75%/90% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index [PASI 75/90], Investigator's Global Assessment [IGA] of psoriasis score 0/1 and ≥2‐point improvement], ≥20% improvement in American College of Rheumatology criteria [ACR20]) were compared between prior treatment subgroups. Results: Baseline IL‐22, TNFα, and beta defensin‐2 (BD‐2) levels were significantly lower in biologic‐naive than in TNFi‐IR participants. With guselkumab, week 24 IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐22, serum amyloid A, C‐reactive protein, IL‐6, and BD‐2 levels were significantly reduced from baseline in biologic‐naive and TNFi‐IR participants (≥1.4‐fold difference, nominal P < 0.05). Clinical responders to guselkumab exhibited significantly higher baseline levels of several biomarkers than nonresponders (IL‐17A, IL‐17F, BD‐2 in biologic‐naive PASI 90 responders; IL‐17A, BD‐2 in TNFi‐IR IGA 0/1 responders; IL‐22, BD‐2 in TNFi‐IR PASI 90 responders [nominal P < 0.05]) and trended higher in TNFi‐IR ACR20 responders. Conclusion: Guselkumab modulates IL‐23 signaling and provides consistent pharmacodynamic effects in both biologic‐naive and TNFi‐IR PsA patients. Significantly elevated baseline IL‐22, TNFα, and BD‐2 levels and associations between baseline IL‐22, IL‐17A, and BD‐2 levels and skin responses to guselkumab suggest greater dysregulation of IL‐23/Th17 signaling in patients with TNFi‐IR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the similarities and differences between the mystical philosophies of Ibn 'Arabi and Friedrich Nietzsche. It explores their perspectives on self-knowledge, the nature of the world, and the importance of perspective in understanding reality. While Nietzsche emphasizes individual freedom and the rejection of traditional values, Ibn 'Arabi's metaphysics focuses on the unity of existence and the potential for human perfection. The article suggests that while there are resonances between the two, Nietzsche's philosophy falls short of fully encompassing the universal metaphysics of Ibn 'Arabi. [Extracted from the article]

Although research on racial socialization is well established, few studies have examined the influence of specific, highly publicized racialized events. We sought to gain a deeper understanding of Black parents' preparation for bias with young children following the murder of George Floyd and other high-profile anti-Black murders during the pandemic. Researchers generated the following themes from parents' responses using reflexive thematic analysis: determining their child's readiness for the talk, reasons to delay the talk, initiating the talk, and recommendations for beginning the talk. The majority of parents of children age six and younger did not engage in preparation for bias following the murder of George Floyd due to perceptions of children's inability to understand racism as well as desires to preserve children's "innocence" and positive perceptions of police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NASA's Probabilistic Asteroid Impact Risk (PAIR) model assesses the likelihood of potential damage for asteroid impact scenarios. Fast-running models are used to capture the effects of different hazards. This paper looks specifically at local ground damage hazards, including blast overpressure and thermal radiation damage, for large object impact scenarios. A sensitivity study is conducted to determine which parameters, and over what ranges, cause impact risks to become sensitive to thermal damage. Two additional thermal models with different approaches are used for comparison. The study determined the current thermal model is most sensitive to the luminous efficiency parameter that reflects the model's uncertainty in the amount of energy contributing to the thermal radiation damage. This sensitivity was most apparent for the highest severity damage levels. Comparisons of the three models showed that, in addition to sensitivities within the models, the impact risks are also sensitive to the choice of thermal model. The study results were applied to the 2023 Planetary Defense Conference hypothetical asteroid impact scenario (800 m diameter, 10.29 Gt energy), and parameter ranges of interest were determined. At the serious damage level, luminous efficiencies above 0.006 (0.6%) showed a small chance of thermal playing an important role, while luminous efficiencies above 0.0008 (0.08%) led to thermal playing a significant role at the unsurvivable damage severity level. Study results are used to identify key areas where additional model refinement and better knowledge of asteroid properties may be important for improving damage estimates. • Thermal radiation damage plays a more significant role in large object impacts. • Local ground damage hazards are sensitive to luminous efficiency. • Variation exists in available thermal radiation model approaches and results. • Further refinement in luminous efficiency range and distribution needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholesterol is essential for both normal cell viability and cancer cell proliferation. Aberrant activity of squalene monooxygenase (SM, also known as squalene epoxidase), the ratelimiting enzyme of the committed cholesterol synthesis pathway, is accordingly implicated in a growing list of cancers. We previously reported that hypoxia triggers the truncation of SM to a constitutively active form, thus preserving sterol synthesis during oxygen shortfalls. Here, we show SM truncation is upregulated and correlates with the magnitude of hypoxia in endometrial cancer tissues, supporting the in vivo relevance of our earlier work. To further investigate the pathophysiological consequences of SM truncation, we examined its lipid dropletlocalized pool using complementary immunofluorescence and cell fractionation approaches and found that it exclusively comprises the truncated enzyme. This partitioning is facilitated by the loss of an endoplasmic reticulum-embedded region at the SM N terminus, whereas the catalytic domain containing membrane-associated C-terminal helices is spared. Moreover, we determined multiple amphipathic helices contribute to the lipid droplet localization of truncated SM. Taken together, our results expand on the striking differences between the two forms of SM and suggest upregulated truncation may contribute to SM-related oncogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analytical solution for the evaluation of the thermal performance of packed bed sensible heat storage. The numerical model developed was tested for four different solid storage mediums. The thermal energy equation is solved numerically by deploying the finite difference method. The presented analytical solution is based on a novel mathematical approach. The numerical model was validated using the computer simulation package Comsol Multiphysics v5.3. Our numerical model results are in good agreement with the published experimental data, with an overall difference of ~10%. Hence, the numerical model is an efficient way of evaluating the thermal performance of packed bed thermal energy storage systems compared to other numerical strategies or computer simulation techniques. This proves that the novel analytical model has shown to be a reliable and broadly accurate approach to acquire the thermal performance of sensible heat storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a class F ^ of one-dimensional full branch maps introduced in Coates et al. (Commun Math Phys 402(2):1845–1878, 2023), admitting two indifferent fixed points as well as critical points and/or singularities with unbounded derivative. We show that F ^ can be partitioned into 3 pairwise disjoint subfamilies F ^ = F ∪ F ± ∪ F ∗ such that all g ∈ F have a unique physical measure equivalent to Lebesgue, all g ∈ F ± have a physical measure which is a Dirac- δ measure on one of the (repelling) fixed points, and all g ∈ F ∗ are non-statistical and in particular have no physical measure. Moreover we show that these subfamilies are intermingled: they can all be approximated by maps in the other subfamilies in natural topologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing evidence base has demonstrated the value of Forest School as an outdoor learning approach which supports a range of benefits including improved physical, social and mental wellbeing, increased confidence and self‐esteem and the development of problem‐solving skills. However, critics of Forest School have argued that a lack of theoretical coherence and detail risks the misinterpretation of Forest School and its pedagogy by both practitioners and researchers. This paper responds to these concerns, establishing a comprehensive and detailed theoretical framework for Forest School. Through a thorough examination of evidence supporting Forest School delivery, we examine the theoretical keystones of this pedagogical approach to inform an interdisciplinary theoretical understanding of Forest School. We argue that Forest School is a particular socially constructed approach to outdoor education, which is informed by social constructivist experiential learning theory. This is driven by two core components. First, play‐pedagogy, which includes the opportunity to experience risk and be creative. Next, biophilic interaction, which examines the human innate desire to be in nature. This is informed by the cultural origins of Forest School development as underpinned by Nordic notions of friluftsliv and by theories of place attachment. Taken together, this theoretical framework considers the breadth of knowledge that underpins Forest School and recognises its growing evidence base, which positions it as a rich and valuable pedagogical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author discusses how to restore lands in Texas used for oil and gas production, particularly the use of emission reduction credits by producers to plug abandoned and orphaned wells. Also cited are the well plugging program of the Railroad Commission of Texas (RRC), the RRC's Oil & Gas Regulation and Cleanup Fund (OGRC), and the blanket bond requirement for permit approvals.

Objectives The objective of this study was to compare the performance of three PsA screening questionnaires in a primary care psoriasis surveillance study. Methods Participants with psoriasis, and not known to have PsA, were identified from general practice databases and invited to attend a secondary care centre for a clinical assessment. The three patient-completed screening questionnaires (PEST, CONTEST and CONTESTjt) were administered, along with other patient-reported measures, and a clinical examination of skin and joints was performed. Participants who demonstrated signs of inflammatory arthritis suggestive of PsA were referred, via their GP, for a further assessment in a secondary care rheumatology clinic. Results A total of 791 participants attended the screening visit, and 165 participants were judged to have signs and symptoms of inflammatory arthritis, of which 150 were referred for assessment. Of these, 126 were seen and 48 were diagnosed with PsA. The results for each questionnaire were as follows: PEST: sensitivity 0.625 (95% CI 0.482, 0.749), specificity 0.757 (0.724, 0.787); CONTEST: sensitivity 0.604 (0.461, 0.731), specificity 0.768 (0.736, 0.798); and CONTESTjt: sensitivity 0.542 (0.401, 0.676), specificity 0.834 (0.805, 0.859). CONTESTjt demonstrated marginally superior specificity to PEST, though the area under the ROC curve was similar for all three instruments. Conclusion Minimal differences between the three screening questionnaires were found in this study, and no preferred questionnaire is indicated by these results. The choice of which instrument to choose will depend on other factors, such as simplicity and low patient burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opioids are commonly prescribed for the treatment of chronic pain. Approximately 50% of adults who are prescribed opioids for pain co-use cannabis with their opioid treatment. Morphine is primarily metabolized by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 to an inactive metabolite, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G), and an active metabolite, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G). Previous studies have shown that major cannabis constituents including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) inhibit major UGT enzymes. To examine whether cannabinoids or their major metabolites inhibit morphine glucuronidation by UGT2B7, in vitro assays and mechanistic static modeling were performed with these cannabinoids and their major metabolites including 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-THC), 7-hydroxy-cannabidiol (7-OH-CBD), and 7-carboxy-cannabidiol (7-COOH-CBD). In vitro assays with rUGT-overexpressing microsomes and human liver microsomes showed that THC and CBD and their metabolites inhibited UGT2B7-mediated morphine metabolism, with CBD and THC exhibiting the most potent Ki,u values (0.16 µM and 0.37 µM, respectively). Only 7-COOH-CBD exhibited no inhibitory activity against UGT2B7-mediated morphine metabolism. Static mechanistic modeling predicted an in vivo drug–drug interaction between morphine and THC after inhaled cannabis, and between THC, CBD, and 7-OH-CBD after oral consumption of cannabis. These data suggest that the co-use of these agents may lead to adverse drug events in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the use of biographical narratives in contemporary moral education, with particular reference to the exemplarist moral theory (EMT) of Linda Zagzebski. It distinguishes between classical and modern versions of exemplarist moral education, highlighting the seminal contribution of Augustine's Confessions. Itself an autobiography, Confessions presents a new way to read a life, highlighting a transition from the conformist pattern of replication inherent in classical education to a central concern with self-identity and the inner life. We argue the educational benefits of a modern Augustinian approach, presenting and responding to four important concerns: (1) the selectivity of authors and educators in choosing which exemplars and life events to present; (2) the rhetorical power of narratives, which can be used as a means of indoctrination; (3) the need for students to be appropriately receptive in order for exemplar narratives to increase moral motivation; (4) the importance of relevance and realism in the exemplar narratives that are used. Along the way, we highlight a significant tension in EMT, relating to the instability of its grounding on the identification of human exemplars and the possibility of selecting individuals who may later come to light as far from exemplary persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are a family of four matrisome proteins classically defined by their roles as the primary endogenous inhibitors of metalloproteinases (MPs). Their functions however are not limited to MP inhibition, with each family member harboring numerous MP-independent biological functions that play key roles in processes such as inflammation and apoptosis. Because of these multifaceted functions, TIMPs have been cited in diverse pathophysiological contexts. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the MP-dependent and -independent roles of TIMPs across a range of pathological conditions. The potential therapeutic and biomarker applications of TIMPs in these disease contexts are also considered, highlighting the biomedical promise of this complex and often misunderstood protein family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animals can form dominance relationships that vary from highly unequal, or despotic, to egalitarian, and this variation likely impacts the fitness of individuals. How and why these differences in relationships and fitness exist among groups, populations, and species has been the subject of much debate. Here, we investigated the influence of two major factors: (1) spatial resource distribution and (2) the presence or absence of winner-loser effects. To determine the effects of these factors, we built an agent-based model that represented 10 agents directly competing over food resources on a simple landscape. By varying the food distribution and using either asymmetry of strength or experience, we contrasted four scenarios from which we recorded attack decisions, fight outcomes, and individual energy intake to calculate dominance hierarchy steepness and energetic skew. Surprisingly, resource distribution and winner-loser effects did not have the predicted effects on hierarchy steepness. However, skew in energy intake arose when resources were distributed heterogeneously, despite hierarchy steepness frequently being higher in the homogeneous resource scenarios. Thus, this study confirms some decades-old predictions about feeding competition but also casts doubt on the ability to infer energetic consequences from observations of agonistic interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) such as oxazepam are commonly prescribed depressant drugs known for their anxiolytic, hypnotic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects and are frequently used in conjunction with other illicit drugs including cannabis. Oxazepam is metabolized in an enantiomeric-specific manner by glucuronidation, with S-oxazepam metabolized primarily by UGT2B15 and R-oxazepam glucuronidation mediated by both UGT 1A9 and 2B7. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the potential inhibitory effects of major cannabinoids, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), and major THC metabolites, 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-THC), on the UGT-mediated metabolism of R- and S-oxazepam. The cannabinoids and metabolites were screened as inhibitors of R- and S-oxazepam glucuronidation in microsomes isolated from HEK293 cells overexpressing individual UGT enzymes (rUGTs). The IC50 values were determined in human liver microsomes (HLM), human kidney microsomes (HKM), and rUGTs and utilized to estimate the nonspecific, binding-corrected Ki (Ki,u) values and predict the area under the concentration–time curve ratio (AUCR). The estimated Ki,u values observed in HLM for S- and R-oxazepam glucuronidation by CBD, 11-OH-THC, and THC were in the micromolar range (0.82 to 3.7 µM), with the Ki,u values observed for R-oxazepam glucuronidation approximately 2- to 5-fold lower as compared to those observed for S-oxazepam glucuronidation. The mechanistic static modeling predicted a potential clinically significant interaction between oral THC and CBD with oxazepam, with the AUCR values ranging from 1.25 to 3.45. These data suggest a pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction when major cannabinoids like CBD or THC and oxazepam are concurrently administered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An educator's portfolio is (EP) a collection of materials for demonstrating and assessing a clinician educator's performance and perspective. Although not all academic institutions require faculty to maintain an EP, it can serve as a valuable tool for both personal reflection and professional advancement. With newer advancements in technology and social media, there are also opportunities to enhance the EP for the digital era. This educator's blueprint highlights eight strategies for creating an EP for the 21st century clinician educator: use your educator's philosophy to introduce and anchor your EP, apply broad definitions of scholarship, include pertinent metrics for all scholarly products, describe mentorship activities, incorporate self‐assessment and the assessments from others, report comprehensive accounting of presentations, highlight leadership activities, and utilize technology to facilitate dissemination and sharing of your EP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a guide to creating a high-quality cover letter for academic medicine positions. The cover letter is often overlooked but plays a crucial role in applications for career positions, leadership roles, and awards. The article emphasizes the importance of tailoring the cover letter to the specific position and highlights key elements such as the header, salutation, introductory paragraph, middle paragraphs, and concluding paragraph. It also advises against using artificial intelligence programs to draft cover letters but suggests using them for reviewing and providing feedback. Overall, the article serves as a valuable resource for individuals at any career stage. [Extracted from the article]

Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is severe, noncardiac hypoxemic respiratory failure that carries a substantial risk of death. Given the complexity of this clinically defined syndrome and the repeated failure of therapeutic trials, there has been an effort to identify subphenotypes of ARDS that may share targetable mechanisms of disease. In this issue of the JCI, Yehya and colleagues measured 19 plasma biomarkers in 279 children over the first seven days of ARDS. Increases in select tissue injury makers and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood were associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death, but not persistent ARDS. These findings argue that splitting patients by clinical and molecular phenotype may be more informative than lumping them under the umbrella diagnosis of ARDS. However, future studies are needed to determine whether these plasma factors represent targetable pathways in lung injury or are a consequence of systemic organ dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article examines how non-state actors in Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have engaged in foreign aid historically and against the backdrop of tightening national regulations in each of the four countries. While scholarship has focused on state-linked development funds and aid modalities, the analysis explores the spaces within which Gulf-based non-state actors have operated. The September 11 attacks in 2001 and the Arab Spring upheaval in 2011 altered the parameters of these spaces in country-distinct ways. An opening section differentiates among the types of non-state actors, including charities, humanitarian and other forms of foundations, and private fundraising at individual and communal levels. A second section explores the degree to which non-state actors have the capability to act autonomously from state interests and objectives or whether they have been instrumentalised as tools to increase the legitimacy and effectiveness of state policies. Such an approach can bring pushback, and a third section examines pushback and the ways in which both states and the various non-state groups have evolved over the past two decades. The article ends by asking how generalisable the experience of Gulf-based non-state actors is, given the distinctive political economy within which they have operated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nutrition-related factors linked to pain chronicity and disability include weight status and dietary behaviours. Dietary patterns associated with concurrent pain episodes, however, remain poorly characterised. This paper outlines the protocol for a feasibility study that aims to characterise pain-related dietary and lifestyle behaviours in people experiencing chronic musculoskeletal pain. Methods: The study will recruit participants who experience musculoskeletal pain on 5 or more days of the week for at least 3 months. Participants will attend two in-person clinic visits where physical measurements and a series of pain and lifestyle questionnaires will be completed. Visits will be conducted pre and post a 2-week self-monitoring period where participants will self-report concurrent diet, sleep, mood, and pain on four days and will wear a wrist-worn activity monitor (GENEActiv). Key feasibility metrics will evaluate participant recruitment, enrolment and retention rates, and compliance with the study data collection protocol. Discussion: There remains a lack of evidence behind dietary advice as an adjunct pain management tool. Upon completion of the protocol, feasibility outcomes will identify challenges to guide the design and delivery of a dietary intervention for chronic musculoskeletal pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decapod crustacean welfare is not only an ethical consideration for legislative purposes. Under culture and fishery settings, poor environmental conditions and operator practices can cause stress, which compromises the immune system and increases the risk of disease. For finfish, there are established environmental and animal (group, individual) welfare indicators. This is not the case for crabs, lobsters or shrimp. While environment‐based indicators like temperature, pH and oxygen levels are easily transferable, there is no consensus for a common measure of stress to monitor welfare in decapod crustaceans. To address this shortcoming, we conducted a meta‐analysis of the primary literature to test for relationships between haemolymph (blood) condition, for example, levels of glucose, L‐lactate, haemocytes (n = 8), and sources of physical stress, for example, handling, trawling, emersion and transport (n = 12). Despite variations in effect sizes (n = 459), generalised linear mixed models repeatedly ranked L‐lactate (followed by urea and glucose) as the most significant physiological predictor of stress in the haemolymph, with trawling followed closely by emersion as the most impactful stressors. Duration post (stress) exposure, sex (male, female), water temperature and moult stage (pre‐, inter‐, post‐moult) were not associated significantly with stress prediction using the selected biochemical and cellular parameters, however, moult status was undefined in ~48% of literature sources and should be interpreted with caution. We present evidence that quantitating L‐lactate levels in the haemolymph represents a physiologic operational welfare indicator of decapod crustaceans, which complements existing condition/vigour indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether carbohydrate utilization is altered during exercise in overreached endurance athletes and examine the utility of continuous glucose monitors (CGM) to detect overreaching status. Methods: Eleven endurance athletes (M:8, F:3) completed a 5‐week training block consisting of 1 week of reduced training (PRE), 3 weeks of high‐intensity overload training (POST), and 1 week of recovery training (REC). Participants completed a Lamberts and Lambert Submaximal Cycling Test (LSCT) and 5 km time‐trial at PRE, POST, and REC time points, 15 min following the ingestion of a 50 g glucose beverage with glucose recorded each minute via CGM. Results: Performance in the 5 km time‐trial was reduced at POST (∆‐7 ± 10 W, p = 0.04, ηp2 = 0.35) and improved at REC (∆12 ± 9 W from PRE, p = 0.01, ηp2 = 0.66), with reductions in peak lactate (∆‐3.0 ± 2.0 mmol/L, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.71), peak HR (∆‐6 ± 3 bpm, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.86), and Hooper‐Mackinnon well‐being scores (∆10 ± 5 a.u., p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.79), indicating athletes were functionally overreached. The respiratory exchange ratio was suppressed at POST relative to REC during the 60% (POST: 0.80 ± 0.05, REC: 0.87 ± 0.05, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.74), and 80% (POST: 0.93 ± 0.05, REC: 1.00 ± 0.05, p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.68) of HR‐matched submaximal stages of the LSCT. CGM glucose was reduced during HR‐matched submaximal exercise in the LSCT at POST (p = 0.047, ηp2 = 0.36), but not the 5 km time‐trial (p = 0.07, ηp2 = 0.28) in overreached athletes. Conclusion: This preliminary investigation demonstrates a reduction in CGM‐derived glucose and carbohydrate oxidation during submaximal exercise in overreached athletes. The use of CGM during submaximal exercise following standardized nutrition could be employed as a monitoring tool to detect overreaching in endurance athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the Virasoro conjecture in Gromov-Witten theory holds for the the total space of a toric bundle E - B if and only if it holds for the base B. The main steps are: (i) We establish a localization formula that expresses Gromov-Witten invariants of E, equivariant with respect to the fiberwise torus action in terms of genuszero invariants of the toric fiber and all-genus invariants of B, and (ii) we pass to the nonequivariant limit in this formula, using Brown's mirror theorem for toric bundles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]