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This article presents a case study on the experimental co-creation process of a digital platform supporting Sustainable Public Food Procurement (SPFP) in public kindergartens in a medium-sized city in Poland. The organisation of SPFP requires a dedicated technological infrastructure to ensure the information flow among food producers, kindergarten employees, children and parents. To this end, a digital platform was designed to enable contact, assessment of food quality and food procurement environmental impact, and the communication of needs and problems among all the actors involved in the food procurement system for kindergartens. The article also discusses the results of the field research and the method of Urban Living Labs, highlighting the key challenges faced by those seeking to combine knowledge about food and the natural environment with public food procurement. The principal difficulties include the availability, accessibility and possible application of data on the environmental costs of food production, the individualisation of needs and motivations related to public catering in educational facilities, and the specific nature of the public sector responsible for public food procurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research aims to identify the role of social institutions and the role of Saudi social institutions through entrepreneurship in community development according to Vision 2030. It is divided into two topics: the first topic: is the research plan which includes: the introduction, the problem of research, the importance of research, concepts, and terms. The second includes the theoretical framework of several axes, namely: the role of social institutions and their number in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, what these institutions achieved during the previous period of community and charitable projects, the role of the Mohammed Al-Ali Al-Sanea Charitable Foundation within the framework of social responsibility, linking the institution's vision to the vision of 2030, and the proposed strategies to develop the developmental services in society, recommendations and proposals for Saudi social institutions. These recommendations and proposals have reached: not to be satisfied with volunteer work on traditional methods, but rather to create community programs that support the owners of effective and academic initiatives and seek to form a higher committee for community work that works to develop community work strategies and coordination between organizations and institutions and unifying their work channels in a way that meets the aspirations of vision Kingdom 2030. Coordination in providing aid, unifying standards and founding aid to ensure that there is no duplication in assisting, and making a guide for services provided by official and private volunteer organizations to raise awareness and introduce services, centres and bodies that provide community services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black professionals, middle-class reformers, black middle class, community, community institutions As transnational scholars de-emphasized the importance of place and the distinctiveness of individual communities, Harlem appeared not as a center, but as one of many centers of the black experience (pp. 6-7). i [6] Fearnley and Matlin's uneven treatment of the black community may limit its utility for readers desiring a more comprehensive understanding of Harlem. Keywords: black professionals; middle-class reformers; black middle class; community; community institutions EN black professionals middle-class reformers black middle class community community institutions 907 913 7 06/01/21 20210701 NES 210701 Judith Wellman (2014). [Extracted from the article]

Although subsistence poaching is a large threat to wildlife conservation in Southern Africa, this behavior is seldom researched. Our understanding of individual and community level factors that drive such behavior is limited because of both lack of data and the literature's predominant focus on commercial poaching. The main objective of this study is to contribute to this scanty literature by examining the factors that are correlated to subsistence poaching in the Great Limpopo, a transfrontier reserve spanning across Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. We use collected primary data from a sample of 2282 respondents and 85 villages that are part of the transfrontier conservation area. We focus on two features, reported subsistence poaching incidences in the community and the previous hunting of individuals, a behavior that is now forbidden in this area. We find through multivariate regression analysis that the likelihood for reported poaching incidences was higher in communities with a larger proportion of young men, plenty of wildlife, and experiencing wildlife conflict. In addition, our survey results illustrate that there is less poaching in communities where local people trust each other, respect institutions, perceive that the management of the park is good, and view wildlife as an asset. Some of these variables can be influenced by appropriate interventions; our findings suggest that capacity building in local institutions, use of community-based crime prevention approaches, training related to wildlife management, and public awareness campaigns could be used by policy makers to affect individuals' perceptions and behaviors in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides the assessment results from a community-engaged field education unit for social work students situated within a neighborhood setting in the South-Central region of the United States. A community-university partnership between several community institutions and a school of social work created the Southside Initiative (SSI) as a means to build capacity within the Oaks neighborhood. This neighborhood lacked professional social workers but was rich in other types of assets. The lessons learned from this initiative provide preliminary understanding about the benefits, complexity, and challenges of building and sustaining community-rooted practicum placements in neighborhood settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this ethnographic essay, I reflect on the origins and present condition of the new (post-2010) Israeli diaspora in Berlin. Based on 10 months of participant observation, I map out the main sub-streams of this emigration; elicit the economic, professional, and political reasons for leaving Israel; and explore these émigrés' initial encounter with German society. My observations suggest that many Israeli residents of Berlin (mostly secular) rediscover their Jewishness along diasporic lines and forge ties with the local religious and community organizations. Being a small minority in the German-speaking milieu, Israelis invest in building their own Hebrew-based community networks, including media outlets and cultural and educational institutions. Lastly, I explore these émigrés' ties with Israel and conclude that many Israelis in Berlin are sojourners rather than immigrants and that Berlin is but one phase in their life journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the role of community-level institutions in the management of palm-forest resources in Southeastern Nigeria. Southeastern Nigeria is undoubtedly the palm-forest and palm oil belt of Nigeria where these resources have been managed for at least the last 100 years on an on individual and a community basis. Using a survey research approach, this study focused on three large communities in three states in the Southeastern region and discovered widespread usage of community-level institutions in the management of palm-forest resources as well as a set of socio-cultural norms and practices regarding access to and exploitation of palm-forest resources. However, while we discovered that these community-level institutions were both effective and conducive to sustainable exploitation of these resources, we also found that these institutions are not particularly bothered with either promoting or encouraging new investments in palm-forest resources. Therefore, there is need to harness these institutions for optimal and sustainable exploitation of palm-forest resources while calling their attention to the need for new investments in palm-forest resources in their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Summary Failure to effectively coordinate opportunistic extractions by individual well owners with groundwater recharge has led to increasing Indian groundwater scarcity, affecting future opportunities for improved rural livelihoods and household wellbeing. Investigation of the relationship between groundwater institutions, management attitudes and subjective wellbeing of Indian rural households has substantial potential to reveal initiatives that jointly improve aquifer sustainability and household wellbeing, yet has received limited attention. Subjective wellbeing was calculated as an index of dissatisfaction (IDS), revealing ranked importance and the level of dissatisfaction of individual factors selected from economic, environmental and social/relational wellbeing dimensions. High economic and environmental IDS scores were calculated for respondents in the Meghraj and Dharta watersheds, India, respectively. We tested an exploratory hypothesis that observed IDS differences were correlated with differences in life circumstances, (household attributes, income and assets) and psychological disposition (life guiding values and willingness to adapt). The distribution of ranked IDS wellbeing scores was estimated across four statistically distinct clusters reflecting attitudes towards sustainable groundwater management and practice. Decision tree analysis identified significantly different correlates of overall wellbeing specific to cluster membership and the watershed, supporting the research hypothesis. High income IDS scores were weakly correlated with actual total household income ( r < 0.25) consistent with international studies. The results suggest a singular reliance on initiatives to improve household income is unlikely to manifest as improved individual subjective wellbeing for the Dharta and Meghraj watersheds. In conclusion, correlates were tabulated into a systematic decision framework to assist the design of participatory processes at the village level, by targeting specific factors likely to jointly improve aquifer sustainability and household wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lake Malawi is the southernmost of the Great Rift Valley Lakes of Africa and boasts the world's greatest freshwater fish biodiversity. Along with its basin, the lake provides many benefits to the country of Malawi. Settlements, agriculture and fishing are some of the major uses of the lake basin, making community involvement a necessary component of its management. With the use of key informant interviews, questionnaire survey, document review and site observations, this study demonstrates the applicability of the Integrated Lake Basin Management framework in the Lake Malawi Basin in regard to stakeholder participation. The main objective was to assess the participation of stakeholders, especially local communities, in the management of the lake basin. The framework applied in this study is discussed. The study findings indicate strong to very strong stakeholder participation, with notably high levels of awareness and women's involvement. Enhancing the understanding of the complex nature of lake basin issues, especially those related to the linkages between the water body and the basin, is a topic requiring further attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost all of Algeria's estimated 140,000 Jews had immigrated to France by the end of the Algerian War in 1962, many of them to the Paris region. Their arrival was a source of ambivalent hope for metropolitan Jewish religious and community leaders. This article demonstrates that the period of decolonization was one in which metropolitan Jewish leaders tried to simultaneously celebrate and efface Algerian Jewish difference. This struggle took place in local religious sites, where French and Algerian Jews were accustomed to a variety of liturgies, melodies, and behaviors. The tensions that erupted when Algerian Jews asserted their right to religious particularism should be read as evidence of the paradoxes of decolonization. While a near-century of colonial citizenship had made many Algerian Jews 'French,' decolonization and migration to the metropole made them Arab in the eyes of many metropolitan Jews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines a successful terrorist attack and failed missions in the United States to inform counterterrorism. Six case studies were selected based on groups of terrorists (three or more) who conducted or planned an attack within the United States. The variables measured were the organizational learning cycles of the terrorists, and the financial, community, and security institutions they used. The learning cycles revealed that success was a function of experience and training so learning deficits made detection possible. The failed cells lacked funding which increased their vulnerability when they sought financing. Supportive community institutions and their effective use made plot detection difficult. Terrorists who ineffectively used and leveraged security institutions were more likely to fail. The United States should continue the preemptive use of undercover agents/informants to detect terrorist plots. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This research explores the activities of community institutions in achieving sustainable forest management (SFM) and sustained forest cover. Three institutions representing the administrative, economic, and social/traditional institutions were identified. The institutions had 30 forest management activities and satisfied about 66% of SFM Criteria and Indicators. A loss of 122 ha of forest cover was estimated over the last 30 yr, attributed to conversion of forests to built-up areas. Cooperative culture and economic incentives, among others, influenced institutions’ effectiveness and collective behavior toward achieving SFM. Coordinated strategies that can increase wood demand will motivate forest owners toward SFM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Risk and its consequences pose a formidable threat to poverty reduction efforts. This article reviews a plethora of community-based risk management arrangements across the developing world. These types of arrangements are garnering greater interest in light of the growing recognition of the relative prominence of household- or individual-specific idiosyncratic risk as well as the increasing shift towards community-based development funding. The article discusses potential advantages (such as targeting, cost and informational) and disadvantages (such as exclusion and inability to manage correlated risk) of these arrangements, and their implications for the design of community-based social protection programs and policies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, we examine the impact of parental giving on the transfer behavior of adult children to family members and community institutions using unique data from the Indonesian Family Life Surveys. Our findings point to persistence of private transfer networks across generations. In particular, the community transfer decisions of adults living outside origin households are positively influenced by the origin household’s community giving. We also investigate the relationship between household transfers to family and community networks. We find that unobserved heterogeneity in giving to family members and community organizations is positively correlated, suggesting important complementarities between transfer networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Greek community in Istanbul prior to the exchange of populations consisted of predominantly second- or third-generation immigrants from rural areas. Despite this background, this originally rural population fully adhered not only to the urban modes of life, but more uniquely to the collective memory of an 'indigenous' community. Agents of this rapid process of integration were schooling, and the social ties created by charity and philanthropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article synthesizes an extensive literature on how local characteristics might affect the nature of poverty, particularly U.S. rural poverty. The attributes discussed include the natural environment, economic structure, public and community institutions, social norms, and demographic characteristics. In each case, the author discusses the ways in which these attributes can affect poverty and indicates what this implies about effective antipoverty policies. Multiple causal factors affect place-specific outcomes and interact so that "outcome" and "cause" are difficult to untangle. One implication is that both place-based and people-based policies may be necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecohealth is a process for identifying key environmental determinants causing mortality or morbidity and combating them by mobilizing multiple social sectors. Evolving out of the concept of environmental health, ecohealth provides a framework for long-term sustainability. The health outcomes anticipated by environmental interventions are part of a long-term agenda and require fundamental groundwork for the growth of community-driven development. Building long-term sustainability requires that two key approaches be developed through ecohealth. The first is the strengthening of local community institutions, whether formal or informal. The second is building financial mechanisms that are more diversified and less reliant on a single donor. As a result, the ecohealth system provides an opportunity for foundations to empower communities, build cross-cutting cooperation, and gain knowledge through projects. If people's environmental behaviour is to change and be sustained in the long term to produce desired health outcomes, this will require all members of society to be capable of functioning within the existing institutional infrastructure. This means that not only do formal institutions need to become more accessible but also that concepts relating to local informal institutions must be incorporated into ecohealth projects. It is imperative that we identify and understand relevant local institutions and how they can be transformed so that new environmental forms of behaviour can be sustained and result in positive health outcomes. The intersection of environmental and health concerns provides an ideal area in which the gap between government and civil society can be bridged — not only providing solutions to ecohealth concerns, but building government capacity in general and making these positive changes sustainable in the long term. This article is a case study, based on several United Nations Foundation grants. It outlines the significance of traditional community organizations, the breadth of their long-term relations with communities, their resources, and the adoption of sustained forms of behaviour. In addition, the article highlights the role that international foundations can play in creating innovative financing mechanisms through community-based foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]