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In humans, studies on the cellular immune response against Trichinella are scarce. Aim of this study was to characterize the cytokine profile of T cells specific for Trichinella britovi in trichinellosis patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC) were obtained from five patients involved in a trichinellosis outbreak caused by T. britovi, which occurred in 2013 in Tuscany (Italy). All the patients resulted positive for Trichinella-specific IgG, IgE and presented eosinophilia. T cells were investigated for their proliferation to excretory/secretory antigens from Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (Ts ES) and for their cytokine profile. A total of 284 CD4+ and 42 CD8+ T-cell clones were obtained from the Ts ES-specific T-cell lines from PBMC. All T-cell clones proliferated in response to mitogen. Of the 284 CD4+ T-cell clones generated from Ts ES-specific T-cell lines, 135 (47%) proliferated significantly to Ts ES; 26% CD8+ T-cell clones showed proliferation to Ts ES. In the series of the 135 Ts ES-specific CD4+ clones, 51% expressed a Th2 profile, 30% a Th0 and 19% Th1. In the series of the 11 Ts ES-specific CD8+ T-cell clones, 18% were Tc2, 45% Tc0 and 36% Tc1. In human trichinellosis, the cellular immune response is, during the chronic phase, mixed Th1/Th2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori infection induces a chronic gastric inflammatory infiltrate. This study was undertaken to evaluate the type of the innate immune responses elicited by the secreted peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase oiH. pylori (HP0175). The cytokine production induced by HP0175 in neutrophils, and monocytes was evaluated. HP0175 was able to induce the expression of IL-23 in neutrophils, and monocytes, and IL-6, IL-lbeta and TGF-beta in monocytes. These findings indicate that HP0175 is able to promote the activation of innate cells and the production of a cytokine milieu that may favour the development of Thl7 response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]