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In the article, the author discusses how public libraries can promote a vibrant local music community by citing their efforts at the New Orleans Public Library to support artists through their Crescent City Sounds streaming service. Also cited are how libraries can provide more credibility and recognition of artists to the listening public and the comment of Justin Powers of Marina Orchestra on the role of libraries in promoting the music industry.

The availability of data and AI-based applications has increased in recent years, but the people with the skills to use these technologies remain limited. To fill this gap, several Latin American universities and training centres have expanded their academic offerings on data and AI in recent years. Based on a bibliometric analysis, a hundred in-depth interviews with experts from Ecuador, Chile, and Mexico, and an extensive documentary analysis of academic programmes and public policy initiatives in these countries, this paper aims to identify and characterize the capability building processes in Latin America. Our results show the growing asymmetries in the production and distribution of knowledge and know-how on big data and artificial intelligence in the world and in the region. These emerging asymmetries are leading to a steady transfer of resources and professionals trained by Latin American public institutions to national and transnational private companies, updating old structures of dependency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly, discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are conducted online, with little consideration of the digitally excluded, who are unable to participate. Policy makers or others considering online research data need clarity about how views might differ across this "digital divide." We took tasks from an existing online DCE designed to elicit social preferences for health and well-being outcomes. We aimed to explore (1) how telephone interview participants answered a series of choice tasks taken from an online DCE and (2) whether and how decision making for these tasks differed between digitally excluded and nonexcluded participants. We conducted semistructured telephone interviews with members of the public (n = 27), recruited via an existing social research panel. Data were analyzed thematically to identify key approaches to decision making. Twelve participants were classed as "digitally excluded," and 15 as "digitally nonexcluded." Responses were similar between the 2 samples for most choice tasks. We identified 3 approaches used to reach decisions: (1) simplifying, (2) creating explanatory narratives, and (3) personalizing. Although these approaches were common across both samples, understanding the exercise seemed more challenging for the digitally excluded sample. This novel study provides some assurance that the participants' views over the choice tasks used are similar across the digital divide. The challenges we identified with understanding highlight the need to carefully examine the views held by the digitally excluded. If online data are to inform policy making, it is essential to explore the views of those who cannot participate in online DCEs. • Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) can elicit health and well-being preferences for informing policy and are increasingly undertaken online, but those who are digitally excluded cannot participate in such exercises, so their views and preferences are excluded from informing policy decisions. Whether their views and preferences are similar or different from those who can participate in online DCEs is unknown. • We identified no clear differences in views about health and well-being outcomes across the digital divide; however, task comprehension was more challenging for some digitally excluded. We used qualitative telephone interviews, taking tasks from an existing online DCE survey, to explore whether and how social preferences for health and well-being differ between a digitally excluded and a nondigitally excluded sample. This is a novel approach that could be used by other DCE-related studies. • Although this study found no difference in views across the digital divide, it is still important for online studies of social preferences to explore the views of the digitally excluded, given that resource allocation decisions should be based on a broad understanding of social preferences. If decision makers are to consider such online data for policy making, it is essential to explore the views of those who cannot participate in online DCEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how international organizations (IOs) identify similar problems while endorsing different strategies. It examines how IOs address a fair and accessible digital education environment that reduces the digital divide. Using mixed methods, the article analyzes documents from 22 IOs. The quantitative analysis reveals the diverse concepts associated with digitalization. A qualitative content analysis delves into the strategies employed by four distinct cases of IOs – African Union, EU, OECD, and UNESCO. The article argues that while many IOs address digitalization in education as a global standard, their institutional characteristics shape their policy recommendations on the issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid global attention on the growth of China's e-commerce economy, prior research has focused more on demonstrating the digital dividends created by this new economy than on addressing the social inequalities that arise. One presumption in particular is that e-commerce economy will leverage the deterritorializing effects of digital technologies to create more equal opportunities for consumers in remote areas. Based on fieldwork with e-traders in Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, and customers from a rural county of Tibet, this article argues that while e-commerce economy has eliminated trade barriers to a certain extent, it has also drawn new geographic boundaries and engendered new social divides in China. By exploring the e-traders' hierarchal conception of baoyouguo (literally, "the free-shipping kingdom") and their subsequent differentiated treatments of customers from different regions, this study illuminates China's emerging e-commerce geography and its consequences in the Internet age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this viewpoint, we review our PARqueologia Migrante project, a collaborative virtual Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) that was developed by five Latina (im)migrants in Baltimore. Virtual spaces are crucial for collaboration during times of crisis, even if recent immigrant communities cannot always access them easily. Furthermore, young people must play a vital role in deciding the conditions under which access to the virtual world should (or should not) occur. We have identified three key themes that influenced the relationship between access and collaboration in our YPAR, namely: the digital divide as it affects Latina youth, youth disconnections from virtual research, and bridging between the home and the virtual space. We offer insights for adult researchers seeking to collaborate with youth across different geographies and create community in virtual spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, grounded in the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) theoretical framework, examines the impact of digital infrastructure on the productivity of Tibet's cultural industry from 2011 to 2021. It aims to uncover how the innovative allocation of production factors can enhance new-quality productivity. The core aspect of new-quality productivity is the improvement of TFP, with digital infrastructure promoting the cultural industry's development by optimizing industrial agglomeration, improving logistics efficiency, and reducing the urban-rural consumption gap. The findings suggest that while digital infrastructure leads to geographic dispersion of the industry—challenging traditional industrial agglomeration theory—it significantly enhances the efficiency of the cultural industry within Tibet's unique socio-economic context. Moreover, despite the region's geographical constraints on logistics efficiency, digital platforms effectively reduce the urban-rural consumption gap, improving market access and the quality of cultural services in remote areas. Additionally, digital infrastructure helps bridge the digital divide between urban and rural areas, further fostering balanced regional consumption and digital inclusion. From a Total Factor Productivity perspective, this study reveals key pathways to improving new-quality productivity, offering both theoretical foundations for policymakers and practical guidance for the development of cultural industries in similarly structured regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: eHealth literacy (eHL) is positively associated with health-related behaviors and outcomes. Previous eHL studies primarily collected data from online users and seldom focused on the general population in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Additionally, knowledge about factors that affect eHL is limited. Chronic lung disease (CLD) has brought a large burden in LMIC, making it a relevant example for studying eHL. This study aims to explore eHL and its associated factors within the general population of China, encompassing sociodemographic characteristics, CLD knowledge, digital access, eHealth use and attitudes towards eHealth. Method: Data were collected from November 2023 to January 2024 via online and hard-copy questionnaires among the general population in China. Descriptive analyses were performed to explore eHL, CLD knowledge, digital access, and attitudes towards eHealth at different sociodemographic levels. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with eHL. Results: 439 valid questionnaires were collected. Participants demonstrated a mean eHL of 24.7 ± 8.2 and CLD knowledge of 5.9 ± 3.7, obtained a score of 6.9 ± 1.8 in attitudes towards eHealth. A notable percentage of participants (45/439, 10.3%) reported no digital access, especially those aged 66+, the unemployed, retired, those with a primary school or below degree and earning ≤ 1500 RMB monthly. Multivariable hierarchical regression analysis showed higher eHL was uniquely associated with younger age (b=-0.10, P <.001), higher educational level (b = 2.02, P <.001), higher income (b = 1.10, P <.001), having digital access (b = 6.35, P <.001), more frequent eHealth use (b = 1.14, P <.001), and more positive attitudes towards eHealth (b = 0.47, P =.003). Conclusion: Our sample from the general population in China had a relatively low eHL and CLD knowledge level, but held a positive attitudes towards eHealth. A digital divide was noticed between the elderly, low socioeconomic population and other groups. Younger age, higher educational and income level, having digital access, more frequent eHealth use and more positive attitudes towards eHealth were significantly associated with higher eHL. Efforts at both individual and systematic levels should be made to improve eHL, and promote CLD knowledge and digital access, especially in disadvantaged populations. Moreover, there is a pressing need to develop and refine national and international standards for eHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major challenge of our time is reducing disparities in access to and effective use of digital technologies, with recent discussions highlighting the role of AI in exacerbating the digital divide. We examine user characteristics that predict usage of the AI-powered conversational agent ChatGPT. We combine behavioral and survey data in a web tracked sample of N = 1376 German citizens to investigate differences in ChatGPT activity (usage, visits, and adoption) during the first 11 months from the launch of the service (November 30, 2022). Guided by a model of technology acceptance (UTAUT-2), we examine the role of socio-demographics commonly associated with the digital divide in ChatGPT activity and explore further socio-political attributes identified via stability selection in Lasso regressions. We confirm that lower age and higher education affect ChatGPT usage, but do not find that gender or income do. We find full-time employment and more children to be barriers to ChatGPT activity. Using a variety of social media was positively associated with ChatGPT activity. In terms of political variables, political knowledge and political self-efficacy as well as some political behaviors such as voting, debating political issues online and offline and political action online were all associated with ChatGPT activity, with online political debating and political self-efficacy negatively so. Finally, need for cognition and communication skills such as writing, attending meetings, or giving presentations, were also associated with ChatGPT engagement, though chairing/organizing meetings was negatively associated. Our research informs efforts to address digital disparities and promote digital literacy among underserved populations by presenting implications, recommendations, and discussions on ethical and social issues of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the heterogeneity of the digital divide and internet use among citizens in the 28 European Union (EU) countries (at the time of the survey). Drawing from the Eurobarometer Surveys, three indicators of the digital divide are used to define the groups: frequency of internet access, means of internet access, and online activities. The categorical clustering algorithm identifies six groups of internet users: Non-Users, Basic Users, Information Exchangers, Instrumental Users, Socializers, and Advanced Users, each with distinct socio-demographic profiles. The study reveals significant socio-economic and demographic profiling variables characterizing these patterns, including age, education, gender, occupation, type of community and geographic location. A major digital divide is detected in many countries; Notably, Romania, Greece, and Bulgaria have the largest proportion of Non-Users, emphasizing the need for targeted policy interventions. These results provide crucial insights for the European Commission's digitization strategy, suggesting that more nuanced and targeted measures are needed to ensure equitable digital access across the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital rural construction is one of the most significant driving forces to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of agriculture. It is also an important way to realize the goal of “double carbon”. This study aims to explore the impact mechanism of digital rural construction on agricultural carbon emissions. An evaluation index system of digital rural construction was established with 15 secondary indicators, from four dimensions of rural digital foundation, production, economy, and life. The “ vertical and horizontal” scatter degree method was used to measure the level of digital rural construction in different provinces of China from 2012 to 2022. A series of tests were further carried out to determine the spatial spillover effect of digital rural construction on agricultural carbon emissions using the spatial Durbin model. The results show that: 1) There was a significantly positive correlation between the global Moran’s index of digital rural construction and agricultural carbon emissions. The spatial agglomeration was gradually increasing during the survey period. 2) Digital rural construction was realized to inhibit agricultural carbon emissions, according to the spatial spillover and significant negative direct effect. Specifically, the spatial spillover effect was greater than the direct effect, indicating the more outstanding inhibitory on agricultural carbon emissions in adjacent areas. The reason is that the digital rural construction exported advanced agricultural production technology and experience to the adjacent areas through demonstration effect and spillover effect, thus highlighting the inhibitory effect on agricultural carbon emissions in neighboring regions. 3) The level of urbanization significantly promoted the agricultural carbon emissions in the region and surroundings; The transfer of the rural labor force significantly inhibited the agricultural carbon emissions in the region and surroundings; The agricultural planting structure significantly promoted the agricultural carbon emissions in the region, while it significantly inhibited the agricultural carbon emissions in neighboring regions; The level of agricultural development significantly promoted the agricultural carbon emissions in the region, but it had no significant impact in the adjacent areas. 4) The heterogeneity test showed that there was a significantly negative correlation between the direct and indirect effects of digital rural construction on agricultural carbon emissions in the eastern region. There were no significant direct and indirect effects of digital rural construction on agricultural carbon emissions in the central and western regions. It also indicated that the digital rural construction in the eastern region shared a significant inhibitory effect on agricultural carbon emissions in the region and surroundings. However, there was no outstanding carbon reduction of digital rural construction in the central and western regions. In addition, there were no significant direct, indirect, and total effects of digital rural construction on agricultural carbon emissions in major grainproducing areas. There was a significantly negative correlation between the indirect and total effects of digital rural construction on agricultural carbon emissions in non-major grain-producing areas. There was a significant spatial spillover effect on the inhibition of agricultural carbon emissions in non-major grain-producing areas. Therefore, the digital rural construction should be accelerated to narrow the digital divide in interregional synergistic development. At the same time, the large-scale operation of agriculture should be integrated and applied to the data elements in the whole process of agricultural production. Finally, the green and low-carbon transformation of agriculture can also be promoted to fully realize the inhibiting effect of various influencing factors on agricultural carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Society 5.0 era presents significant challenges for the preservation of local culture in the midst of the rapid flow of modern technology. Cultural institutions are required to reorient their role in integrating local wisdom with technology to answer the needs of the digital community. This research aims to analyze the adaptation and transformation strategies of cultural institutions in the face of digital disruption, as well as identify effective integration models between traditional values and technological innovation. Using qualitative-descriptive research methods with a phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation studies from five indigenous communities in Indonesia that have successfully integrated technology in their cultural practices. The results of the study show three main findings: cultural digitalization strengthens people's cultural identity through wider access and revitalization of traditional values, technology adoption increases community socio-economic resilience through the creation of new jobs and market expansion, and the integration of traditional ecological knowledge with modern technology creates an effective sustainable development model. However, challenges such as the digital divide, cultural resistance, and intellectual property rights protection still need to be addressed. The implications of this study include the need for policies that support cultural digitalization by respecting indigenous rights, increasing digital literacy, and a cross-sectoral collaborative approach to ensure the successful integration of technology with local cultures. This research makes a strategic contribution in building a harmonious framework between cultural preservation and technological advancement, as well as supporting the creation of an adaptive society without losing its cultural identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rarely any study investigates how information gatekeeping through the solutions and services enabled by algorithms, hereafter referred to as algorithmic technologies (AT), creates negative consequences for the users. To fill this gap, this state‐of‐the‐art review analyzes 229 relevant articles from diverse academic disciplines. We employed thematic analysis to identify, analyze, classify, and reveal the chain reactions among the negative consequences. We found that the gatekeeping of information (text, audio, video, and graphics) through AT like artificial intelligence (e.g., chatbots, large language models, machine learning, robots), decision support systems (used by banks, grocery stores, police, etc.), hashtags, online gaming platforms, search technologies (e.g., voice assistants, ChatGPT), and Web 3.0 (e.g., Internet of Things, non‐fungible tokens) creates or reinforces cognitive vulnerability, economic divide and financial vulnerability, information divide, physical vulnerability, psychological vulnerability, and social divide virtually and in the offline world. Theoretical implications include the hierarchical depiction of the chain reactions among the primary, secondary, and tertiary divides and vulnerabilities. To mitigate these negative consequences, we call for concerted efforts using top‐down strategies for governments, organizations, and technology experts to attain more transparency, accountability, ethical behavior, and moral practices, and bottom‐up strategies for users to be more alert, discerning, critical, and proactive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative research delves into the intricate transitional experiences of Vietnamese students during their first year in higher education (HE). Grounded in the dynamically shifting socio-cultural landscape of Vietnam, the study captures the narratives of 15 students, emphasising the unique challenges faced by those from the Mekong Delta region. Utilising a robust analytical blend of sociocultural theory, transition theory, and constructivist grounded theory, the research surfaces seven poignant themes. These are: (1) 'Cultural Dislocation', capturing the tension between traditional values and modern, global influences; (2) the 'Struggle with Academic Independence' highlighting the challenges of autonomous learning; (3) the intricacies of navigating 'Interpersonal Dynamics in Diversity' in a multicultural academic environment; (4) the evident 'Digital Divide' accentuating the disparities in technological access and proficiency; (5) the delicate act of 'Balancing Commitments' between academic pursuits and deeply rooted familial responsibilities; and (6) the profound 'Quest for Autonomy and Identity Formation', signifying the transformative nature of HE as a space for profound self-discovery and personal growth. While offering specific insights into the Vietnamese context, the study resonates with global academic transitions, underscoring the urgent need for holistic educational approaches that address the diverse challenges and aspirations of contemporary students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online learning has the potential to enhance open and equitable access to medical education resources globally. Conversely, there are also concerns that it can perpetuate and exacerbate digital inequalities between developed (global North) and developing (global South) countries. In this article, we describe the historical lack of representation of the global South in the design of online medical education, as well as the resulting consequences and potential solutions. We compare the Northern and Southern views of online learning in medical education and identify the different types of barriers to its adoption. We describe how socioeconomic disparities and the historical dominance of the global North over the global South have led to systemic digital inequalities in the design and implementation of online learning in education generally, and in medical education particularly. The lack of representation of global South voices hinders the development of digital learning solutions relevant to local contexts, therefore limiting their effectiveness and sustainability. Thus, we propose approaches to build more equitable partnerships by soliciting local input and local expertise. Further, we discuss the need to maintain local relevance while setting global standards. Overall, we hope to inform and guide the development of more equitable and accessible online education training for a diverse global population. Han and Kumwenda offer a discussion of how and why online learning differs between the global North and South and how we can work towards equitable access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic consent is increasingly recommended for longitudinal and biobanking research; however, the value of investing in such systems is unclear. We undertook a rapid review of the benefits and challenges of implementing dynamic consent by searching five databases (Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature – CINAHL) for articles published up to May 2023 that report on participants' or researchers' experience of dynamic consent. From 1611 papers screened, 12 met inclusion criteria. Guided by thematic analysis with an inductive approach, we synthesised 31 benefits and 8 challenges. Benefits included: enhanced participant experience through improved consent management and tailoring; greater participant engagement and retention through increased autonomy, trust and communication; reduced costs and burden and increased accessibility and inclusivity. Participants and researchers also valued additional features that dynamic consent platforms facilitate such as two-way communication and return of research updates. The main challenges included the digital divide and consent fatigue. The papers gave recommendations to mitigate these challenges, for example by supplementing with other communication tools and allowing a broad consent approach, respectively. Overall, dynamic consent was described as a valuable consent approach with many benefits and some surmountable challenges. Most included literature was qualitative, so further research is needed to quantify the impact of dynamic consent on recruitment, retention, and participant experience. Further long-term investigations are necessary to explore whether participants want to and do change their consent over time, as well as the impact of dynamic consent on participant privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. Milk protein powders are widely used ingredient in processed food products, meanwhile, characterization of powder functionalities is of technical challenge to the manufacturers of ingredients and consumer foods. Rapid evaluation methods or indicators are needed to fill the mentioned technological gap. This study aimed to investigate correlations between a series of powder functionalities and powder surface properties, which may be characterized using a relative rapid method. Six types of milk protein powder with 2 different batches were used as samples in this study. The powder wettability was determined based on a modified International Dairy Federation method. Powder flowability was determined using the Warren Spring cohesion measured by rheometer. The dispersibility was indicated by the median particle size at a designated dispersing time point. Regarding the surface properties, the contact angle of powder samples was determined by the sessile drop method using both water and diiodomethane as reference liquids. Subsequently, surface free energy was computed through the Owens, Wendt, Rabel, and Kaelble model. Pearson correlation analysis revealed meaningful correlations between surface properties (e.g., surface free energy, cohesion work, and adhesion work) and powder functionality attributes (e.g., wettability and flowability). This study suggests that the wettability and flowability of milk protein powders can be indicated by powder surface energy–related parameter, such as work of cohesion. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-governance has become as a crucial dimension of contemporary public administration in delivering government services to citizens electronically with the aid of information and communication technology. It also increases the efficiency of the management, by improving the citizens' democracy and participation regarding other impactful topics in governance. By adopting a systematic review approach, the researcher utilizes secondary data from more than 150 available sources, comprising literature, policy documents, case studies, and other relevant literature. In this report 70 research papers published between the years 2015 and 2024 were used to provide updated information to the readers. The researchers analyzed the current status, prospects, and challenges of e-governance in Bangladesh under the vision of 'Digital Bangladesh'. Egovernance intends to form a technically progressive nation with technologically effective, efficient, and social economic services providing transparency of process with the help of ICT integration. The research findings reveal that obstacles like the digital divide, infrastructure gaps, digital literacy, data privacy, resistance to change, and regulatory constraints deter the implementation of e-governance. However, this paper contributes to the existing literature with the identification of how e-governance should be governed for the sake of development in Bangladesh. The analysis calls for many comprehensive policy reforms, enhanced cyber security measures, capacity building, and bridging of the digital divide. It will then be much easier to realize the dream of a fully digital Bangladesh and facilitate economic growth, innovations, and the improvement of public service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore approaches, challenges, solutions, and recommendations offered by child welfare workers in Canada on remote communication with children/youth regarding safety and on managing parent–child access during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirty-seven child welfare workers and foster care providers participated in this survey. About 94% of the workers used virtual video communication alongside other modalities. Privacy concerns were common in children and youth contacts. Visitation scheduling challenges, digital inequality, and fear of contagion were commonly encountered by foster care providers. Regular virtual check-ins by child welfare workers, training on use of online meeting tools, and subsidizing technological costs were notable recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In today's educational landscape, technology has become an undeniable force in shaping pedagogical approaches and even the definition of learning itself. But this path contains many obstacles. Within the higher education ecosystem, the digital divide – the disparity in access and use of technology – is proving to be a significant barrier for educational institutions, particularly in developing countries. Hence, the current study attempts to understand the digital divide and its associated consequence on educational in(equity) in higher education, particularly within the context of developing countries. Design/methodology/approach: Using a systematic review methodological approach, this study illuminates the complex dimensions of the digital divide and its associated educational impact in higher education based on the social justice theoretical perspective. Findings: Key findings of the study show that the affordability of digital devices, infrastructure limitations and limited digital literacy are the main drivers of the digital divide. It has also been understood that the digital gap impairs teachers' pedagogical approaches; thereby, this has a detrimental consequence on students' learning engagement and academic achievement. More severely, the digital divide exacerbates existing educational disparities disproportionately, impacting students particularly from marginalized communities that already face automated inequality. Originality/value: The study makes some encouraging recommendations for interventions to close the digital divide and reduce its effects on education. These include the implementing of initiatives that minimize access to and use of digital gaps; establishing long-term infrastructure investments to address connectivity issues; and creating adaptable support systems to deal with technical issues. By applying these and related approaches, higher education can bridge the digital divide and promote fair and inclusive learning opportunities, ultimately leading to equitable learning environments for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Using "digital inequality" as a conceptual framework, this study evaluates the feasibility and usability of a technology-delivered intervention (an "app") for Alzheimer's and related dementia family caregivers. Time for Living and Caring (TLC) is an on-line intervention that provides virtual coaching and self-administered education and resources. Methods: A sample of family caregivers (n = 163) used the tool for 16 weeks, which included completing the Computer Proficiency Questionnaire (CPQ-12) at baseline. Analyses investigate the relationship between age, CPQ scores, intervention use, appraisal, and caregiver outcomes. Results: Age was inversely associated with CPQ; however, CPQ scores did not have a significant relationship with participant's self-perceived benefits or intervention appraisal. Computer Proficiency Questionnaire scores provided insight regarding research feasibility, with lower scores associated with greater odds of discontinuing engagement. Discussion: CPQ-12 scores can be used as a screening tool to identify those who may need additional support to engage with and benefit from technology-delivered interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian state has invested simultaneously in connectivity by pursuing universal Internet access and in disconnectivity by leading the world in state-ordered Internet shutdowns. How can we make sense of these contradictory approaches to technology policy? This article argues that this paradox illustrates a bifurcated experience of digital citizenship moderated infrastructurally through differential access to mobile connectivity. While previous research has largely interpreted Internet shutdowns as curtailments of freedom of expression, this article evaluates the implications for citizenship itself by bringing together scholarship on digital governance, science and technology studies (STS) approaches to Internet governance, and postcolonial and decolonial theory. More broadly, this article raises the stakes for critical analysis of how authoritarian states approach Internet policy to bridge digital divides—and for evaluating quality and contingency of connectivity experienced by marginalized and peripheral communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology plays a pivotal role in shaping cultural identities and practices across the globe. This paper explores the complex relationship between technology and cultural transformation, recognizing both its opportunities and challenges in diverse cultural contexts. We employ key theoretical frameworks, including cultural diffusion, technological determinism and the digital divide, to examine how technological advancements contribute to cultural development. Our findings reveal that technology acts as a catalyst for cultural exchange, innovation and adaptation, enabling unprecedented global communication and the exchange of ideas. For example, the rapid spread of the internet and mobile technologies has facilitated cross-cultural interactions, leading to the blending of cultural values and practices on a global scale. However, the research also highlights the challenges posed by technology, such as the digital divide, which exacerbates inequalities in access to digital resources, and the risk of cultural homogenization, where dominant global cultures overshadow local identities. This study underscores the dual nature of technological influence: while it fosters cultural enrichment and connectivity, it also poses risks to cultural diversity and equity. By analyzing empirical case studies, we show how these dynamics unfold in real-world contexts. Ultimately, this paper advocates for inclusive, mindful approaches to technological integration that respect and preserve cultural diversity. Our findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, educators and technologists, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive strategies to ensure that technological progress enhances, rather than erodes, cultural heritage in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China faces substantial challenges in healthcare access and quality, marked by significant regional disparities. While the potential of informatization to enhance healthcare services is increasingly acknowledged, the specific mechanisms through which it impacts healthcare delivery remain underexplored. By employing provincial panel data and dynamic spatial panel models, we aim to uncover the mechanisms through which informatization impacts healthcare delivery. Our findings reveal notable regional differences, with the Eastern and Central regions leading in service levels, while the Western and Northeastern regions lag behind. Both informatization development and healthcare services demonstrate significant spatial interaction effects, indicating that improvements in informatization can positively influence healthcare services overall. However, the impact varies: while informatization benefits the Northeastern and Western regions, its effect in the Eastern region is not statistically significant, and the Central region experiences a negative impact. Furthermore, advancements in informatization in the Eastern and Central regions have the potential to enhance healthcare services in the Western and Northeastern regions. By providing empirical insights that identify key digital factors to enhance healthcare efficiency and quality, this study can assist policymakers in China and around the world in adopting more effective strategies to reduce the digital divide in healthcare and promote the development of more equitable and efficient healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric neurological injury and disease is a critical public health issue due to increasing rates of survival from primary injuries (e.g., cardiac arrest, traumatic brain injury) and a lack of monitoring technologies and therapeutics for treatment of secondary neurological injury. Translational, preclinical research facilitates the development of solutions to address this growing issue but is hindered by a lack of available data frameworks and standards for the management, processing, and analysis of multimodal datasets. Here, we present a generalizable data framework that was implemented for large animal research at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia to address this technological gap. The presented framework culminates in a custom, interactive dashboard for exploratory analysis and filtered dataset download. Compared with existing clinical and preclinical data management solutions, the presented framework better enables management of various data types (single measure, repeated measures, time series, and imaging), integration of datasets for comparison across experimental models, cohorts, and groups, and facilitation of predictive modeling from integrated datasets. Further, a predictive model development use case demonstrated utilization and value of the data framework. The general outline of a preclinical data framework presented here can serve as a template for other translational research labs that generate heterogeneous datasets and require a dynamic platform that can easily evolve alongside their research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nitrate (NO3−) is one of the two major forms of inorganic nitrogen absorbed by plant roots, and the tissue nitrate concentration in roots is considered important for optimizing developmental programs. Technologies to quantify the expression levels of nitrate transporters and assimilating enzymes at the cellular level have improved drastically in the past decade. However, a technological gap remains for detecting nitrate at a high spatial resolution. Using extraction-based methods, it is challenging to reliably estimate nitrate concentration from a small volume of cells (i.e., with high spatial resolution), since targeting a small or specific group of cells is physically difficult. Alternatively, nitrate detection with microelectrodes offers subcellular resolution with high cell specificity, but this method has some limitations on cell accessibility and detection speed. Finally, optical nitrate biosensors have very good (in-vivo) sensitivity (below 1 mM) and cellular-level spatial resolution, but require plant transformation, limiting their applicability. In this work, we apply Raman microspectroscopy for high-dynamic range in-vivo mapping of nitrate in different developmental zones of Arabidopsis thaliana roots in-situ. Results: As a proof of concept, we have used Raman microspectroscopy for in-vivo mapping of nitrate content in roots of Arabidopsis seedlings grown on agar media with different nitrate concentrations. Our results revealed that the root nitrate concentration increases gradually from the meristematic zone (~ 250 µm from the root cap) to the maturation zone (~ 3 mm from the root cap) in roots grown under typical growth conditions used for Arabidopsis, a trend that has not been previously reported. This trend was observed for plants grown in agar media with different nitrate concentrations (0.5–10 mM). These results were validated through destructive measurement of nitrate concentration. Conclusions: We present a methodology based on Raman microspectroscopy for in-vivo label-free mapping of nitrate within small root tissue volumes in Arabidopsis. Measurements are done in-situ without additional sample preparation. Our measurements revealed nitrate concentration changes from lower to higher concentration from tip to mature root tissue. Accumulation of nitrate in the maturation zone tissue shows a saturation behavior. The presented Raman-based approach allows for in-situ non-destructive measurements of Raman-active compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a global shift to remote learning and at the same time presented challenges to implementing this form of learning. However, not many studies have been conducted on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students from racially diverse backgrounds in remote learning. To extend our understanding of this topic, this qualitative study explored the impact of this pandemic on the learning engagement, perceived by racially diverse students in remote learning. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 40 undergraduate students from a university in Northeastern United States, analysed following an inductive analysis approach, and interpreted through the lens of Self-Determination Theory. Findings indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic impacted diverse students regarding psychological and emotional stress. Also, insufficient support in remote learning engagement, lack of digital and technical resources and a digital divide were identified as challenges that emerged during the pandemic remote learning period. However, the use of digital social media tools helped students navigate through the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic to promote their learning engagement in remote learning. The results suggest that higher education institutions should develop instructional resources that can effectively facilitate teaching and learning to enhance students’ learning engagement during disasters and emergency periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of internet is likely to influence adolescents' academic outcomes. Yet, how internet coverage impacts students' educational performance remains poorly understood. To address this major knowledge gap, this study uses a quasi-experimental approach with Norwegian data to causally examine how the gradual introduction of home broadband internet across municipalities impacted the academic outcomes of lower-secondary school graduates (N = 103,796). Analyses apply sibling fixed-effects models with micro-level registry data from adolescents aged 15–16, and compare differences in effects by gender, social background, migrant status, and academic achievement levels. Findings show that the introduction of broadband internet across municipalities brought moderate grade improvements concentrated among boys in the subject areas of Mathematics, Arts and Crafts, Social Sciences, and Norwegian. The positive effect of broadband internet coverage on academic performance was three times larger for boys than for girls. For boys, broadband internet coverage led to strong grade improvements among the lower-achieving and socioeconomically disadvantaged, and to moderate grade benefits among those of Norwegian background, while boys from higher-achieving and socioeconomically privileged groups reduced their grades moderately. By contrast, for girls, broadband internet coverage worsened substantially the academic performance of those from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds, whereas girls of migrant background obtained higher grades with this expansion of internet. The study findings reveal how the growth of internet coverage impacts adolescent educational performance, but differently across groups, showing a complex intersection across gender, social background, migrant status, and academic achievement levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing call for research into how digital technology usage during childhood contributes to shaping contemporary digital divides. To our knowledge, the current study is the first to examine ways of maximising children's chances of developing modes of use that involve greater engagement with more advanced and creative digital activities. Drawing on our prior research identifying four distinct modes of using digital technologies in 8-year-old New Zealand children (Creative, Entertainment, Emergent and Limited), we used hierarchical logistic regression in a large sample (N = 3325) to explore the predictors of these modes of use. Several modifiable screen parenting practices associated with modes of use were identified. Collectively, these results indicate that parents can facilitate more constructive digital technology use by fostering active engagement with screens from an early age, discouraging passive screen time and environmental TV exposure, providing access to laptops or computers, implementing software controls judiciously and adhering to social media age restrictions. Socioeconomic status influenced all four modes of use, highlighting the persistence of first-order digital divides. Together our findings offer insights into how parents can support their children to develop more effective digital skills, which may go some way towards mitigating the impact of digital divides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable innovation necessitates thriving in the digital age’s competitive market and ensure an institution’s continued existence. This study aimed to explore educational innovative approaches adopted during COVID-19 in understanding how the future of education aiming for sustainable administration and educational practices. Using phenomenological design and Technological Acceptance Model, we conducted semi-structured interviews with nine participants recruited through criterion sampling. Five interconnected themes emerged after data analysis (1) leadership during challenges, (2) reaching out to students, (3) remote task management, (4) virtual monitoring and (5) digital divide and access to education. The major findings revealed that the Kashmir region encountered a distinct and challenging virtual space, marked by limited access to digital resources, a lack of preparedness and a stressful atmosphere due to the prolonged closure of schools. The results however, revealed that educational innovations catalyzed and mitigated the distinct challenges of educational institutions. The findings of the study can help policymakers design frameworks prioritizing digital equity, professional development for school leaders, and flexible virtual learning spaces in future crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-speed logic modulation of terahertz (THz) waves is crucial for future communications, yet a technology gap persists. Here, we report a dual gate-controlled two-dimensional electronic gas logic modulation metasurface that enables symmetric and asymmetric electron distribution states through independent control of the two electron transport channels. The transition between these two states leads to various response modes in the metasurface and notably increases the diversity of the spectrum transformation, resulting in a multivalued relationship in which each output corresponds to more than one input signal, thus establishing the logical modulation. Our results demonstrate the common logical functions of AND, OR, XOR, XNOR, NOR, and NAND at different frequencies with a modulation speed faster than 250 picoseconds. This work offers a unique avenue for the high-speed, free-space logical operation of THz waves and increases the security of secure communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the critical factors influencing E-learning satisfaction in digital education environments in Punjab, Pakistan, a region marked by significant disparities in educational accessibility. E-learning has emerged as a crucial tool for addressing educational gaps, particularly in areas with limited traditional infrastructure. A survey of 250 students across primary, secondary, and tertiary education levels from urban and rural areas, both public and private institutions, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of diverse E-learning experiences. The study employs a conceptual framework encompassing six dimensions: student characteristics, instructor behaviors, course content, technology use, design quality, and environmental influences. Using detailed statistical analysis through SPSS, key determinants of E-learning satisfaction were identified, with instructor responsiveness, course flexibility, and technological usability emerging as the most significant factors. Interestingly, student computer anxiety was found not to significantly affect satisfaction, indicating growing digital literacy among learners. The study also highlights disparities in technology integration based on gender, geographical location, and type of institution, emphasizing the need for tailored educational strategies. This research provides actionable insights for policymakers and educational institutions to enhance E-learning systems, ensuring they meet the diverse needs of students and contribute to reducing the digital divide in Punjab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explore the impacts and mechanisms of digital literacy of farm households on income. The baseline regression of the impact of digital literacy of farm households on household income uses a fixed effects regression model, and the 2SLS regression model is used to address the endogeneity problem present in the model. The findings reveal that improving digital literacy among rural households significantly increases their family income, a result that remains robust even after considering endogeneity issues. Further examination of the mechanisms shows that enhancing digital literacy among rural households significantly improves their information acquisition capabilities and cognitive skills. It also deepens financial services, boosting the usage and engagement of rural households in digital financial activities, thereby enhancing family income levels. Facilitating rural residents' access to digital skills and tools to ride the digital economic wave, ensuring fair access, and achieving sustainable family income are of paramount significance for rural revitalization. It is also a crucial step in bridging the digital divide and promoting shared prosperity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past two decades have witnessed a surge of distance learning in higher education across the world. Scholars have argued that this is due to the increasing use and recognition of technologies to act as a means, channel and source for internationalization of knowledge. Further, internationalization at a distance (IaD) has seen a rapid increase in universities in Ghana, sub‐Saharan Africa, due to increased use of digital technologies and high demand for foreign education. Yet, there remains limited research about the role of technologies in facilitating and mediating IaD in countries in sub‐Saharan Africa. Moreover, few studies have explored students' experiences in IaD regarding prospects and challenges in Ghana, sub‐Saharan Africa. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explore students' experiences and voices regarding the role of technologies in facilitating and mediating distance learning including students' critical reflections on the technological shift of IaD in higher education (including the COVID‐19 pandemic period) in Ghana. Data were collected following a qualitative research design via an in‐depth semistructured interview of 28 students (16 females and 12 males) enrolled in IaD learning program in three foreign universities (two in the United Kingdom and one in the United States). Data analyses were done via a constant comparative approach. Findings showed that students experienced enhanced quality of learning through the varied use of technologies such as Zoom, Team and Google Hangouts. However, students faced challenges such as unequal access to technologies, intermittent Internet connections/outages, high cost of tuition and lack of social and teaching engagement. These findings in many ways contribute to a new understanding and knowledge building of students' experiences and challenges of IaD in sub‐Saharan Africa. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic? The number of students in internationalization at a distance (IaD) education programs is increasing alongside the development of digital technologies and the expansion of digital infrastructure. Increasing demands for higher education in sub‐Saharan Africa have led to an increase in the number of students from Ghana in IaD. What this paper adds? Ghanaian students in IaD benefited from the use of various digital technologies, improving their engagement and facilitating the acquisition of digital skills. They faced barriers in accessing digital technologies and Internet connectivity. Implications for practice and/or policy Pretraining programs and workshops to enhance students' digital skills before starting distance education could be beneficial for Global South students in IaD. Education provider should support the access to digital technologies and Internet connectivity of Global South students in IaD. What is already known about this topic? The number of students in internationalization at a distance (IaD) education programs is increasing alongside the development of digital technologies and the expansion of digital infrastructure. Increasing demands for higher education in sub‐Saharan Africa have led to an increase in the number of students from Ghana in IaD. What this paper adds? Ghanaian students in IaD benefited from the use of various digital technologies, improving their engagement and facilitating the acquisition of digital skills. They faced barriers in accessing digital technologies and Internet connectivity. Implications for practice and/or policy Pretraining programs and workshops to enhance students' digital skills before starting distance education could be beneficial for Global South students in IaD. Education provider should support the access to digital technologies and Internet connectivity of Global South students in IaD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of mobile devices has become pervasive in recent times, constituting an essential component of daily life. Mobile phones have enabled certain minorities to attain access to the Internet, news, and knowledge, thereby indicating their potential to reduce the digital divide experienced by ethnic groups and those from low socioeconomic backgrounds. This phenomenon has generated academic interest in the utilization of mobile devices to facilitate learning, as these devices merge the lines between computing and communications, giving access to both. The objective of this study is to ascertain the inclination of Peruvian higher education students to use mobile devices for learning. This will be achieved through the use of an anticipated model based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). ANNs are supervised machine learning techniques that imitate the organization and operation of the human brain to process data and render decisions. ANNs are computer systems that can learn from observation and experience, much like the human brain, and can subsequently use the acquired knowledge to recognize patterns and make predictions. The objective of this study is to assess the intention of Peruvian tertiary education students to employ mobile devices for learning by creating a predictive model that relies on ANNs. Among the main findings, it is evident that the ANN with optimal performance has 10 neurons within its hidden layer. Factors such as experience with virtual subjects, frequency of use, and coverage are crucial for the two intention variables. This enables directed prediction efforts towards the most significant variables identified by their importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developments in information and communication technologies have led to the widespread use of e-government systems and the provision of many services through digital platforms. With this widespread use, the digital divide has become an important issue in various countries. The aim of this study is to understand the literature in the field of e-government and digital divide, to determine research trends, to identify key themes, to reveal research areas, and to understand the changes in the literature over time. To achieve this, a bibliometric analysis was conducted focusing on the descriptive, conceptual, social, and intellectual structure of the literature. In the study, 469 works identified in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) database using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) technique were analysed using the R statistical program. The findings of this study are intended to guide and support policymakers and practitioners in addressing the digital divide, particularly in the context of public services within the e-government domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era marked by rapid digital transformation, understanding the factors that influence digital engagement is crucial for bridging the digital divide. This study aims to explore the impact of individual factors such as networking motive, social media use, content service usage, and economic activity on digital transformation awareness and satisfaction. Utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze data from 7,000 respondents of the National Information Society Agency (NIA)'s 2022 Digital Divide Survey, this research provides empirical insights into the dynamics of digital engagement. The findings reveal that networking motive significantly predicts social media use, which in turn slightly enhances digital transformation awareness but not satisfaction. Conversely, economic activity positively influences both awareness and satisfaction with digital transformation, underscoring the tangible benefits of digital economic engagement. Life service utilization emerged as a crucial factor, significantly impacting both awareness and satisfaction. These results offer critical implications for policymakers, educators, and digital platform developers, suggesting the need for targeted strategies to enhance digital literacy, promote inclusive digital services, and foster economic opportunities in the digital domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital equity and accessibility for higher education (HE) students have become crucial since the early 21st century, especially for underserved, deprived, marginalised and oppressed students. The present study aimed mainly to reveal the barriers to digital access (BDA) faced by marginalised groups and to find effective strategies for promoting digital inclusion (DI). Another objective of the paper was to provide actionable policy insights (API) to improve DI in Pakistani universities. Participants (students from marginalised groups who face unique barriers to accessing digital education) were selected using a simple random sampling technique from the four provinces of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, KPK and Baluchistan). We used a cross‐sectional research design to collect quantitative data from 590 students selected from 12 universities in Pakistan using a self‐developed questionnaire via online platforms. The study's findings revealed a significant difference in digital access for marginalised groups, which contributes to educational inequalities for students in low‐income areas and remote areas facing enormous challenges. We also identified practices to improve digital accessibility, including technology‐based interventions and policy reforms to improve digital infrastructure. Based on preliminary findings, a combined effort toward digital equity can significantly improve educational outcomes for marginalised students, providing a roadmap for universities to bridge the digital divide. The present paper not only highlights the current state of digital equity and accessibility but also focuses on practical insights for policy and teachers and ensures that universities are inclusive and accessible to everyone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data is the new asset of the current digital revolution. It is heralded as the "new oil" that will transform the world and function as a magic tool for development policies, with great potential to solve global health dilemmas. However, deep societal inequalities give datafication the risk of escalating disparities through data policies instead of solving them. The pandemic unmasked the price to pay for ignoring deep inequalities, helping this research to answer the question: "How did inequalities impact data policies for the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil?" To investigate this link, the author develops a theoretical model linking the World-historical model of relational inequalities to the capability approach and data colonization theory. This model sustains the analysis of the data collected in 5 months of participant observation in the Covid-19 Favelas Unified Dashboard plus governmental data analysis and semi-structured interviews with data policymakers for Covid-19 in Brazil. As a result, the author demonstrates how inequalities worked as a trap for data policies and argues that data inequalities go beyond the digital divide. Data inequalities skyrocket vulnerability of the poor, increasing contamination rates, and inhibiting development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deriving from a large-scale research project on intimacy in data-driven culture in Finland, I build on a sub-study examining Finland's presumed sexual digital divide between generations. I analysed in-depth, semi-structured research discussions with six social media users who actively participated in the online discussion following the posting of a video on TikTok by the National Board of Investigation on the potential risks and dangers of sending nude images online. I wanted to know why this particular 'awareness-raising video' gained so much negative feedback from its young audiences on TikTok and other social media platforms. By using the idea of 'generational sexualities', I focus on the shared social imaginary the research participants seem to have on the sexual and digital divide between generations. As a result of my analysis, I propose that the idea of a generational gap regarding the digital modes of sexual engagement is a culturally and socially shared narrative contributing to a disconnective effect between the generations in sexual matters. Furthermore, the analysis of my research materials reveals that young people's 'full sexual rights' operate as a specific generational narrative that organises and structures my research participants' perspectives of what is inclusive and socially just sexual education. The educational efforts must go beyond risk and harm as 'no-sexting' educational materials may contribute to sexual discrimination and marginalisation, increase social inequality and negatively impact young people's sexual wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the integration of smart technologies (ST) in education, highlighting opportunities such as personalized learning while also addressing challenges such as equity and access. Through a bibliographic analysis of regulations and curriculum trends in the US and Europe, pedagogical practices and design criteria that promote an ethical and effective use of ST are identified. The findings reveal a significant digital divide in education involving artificial intelligence (AI), underscoring the need to foster both technological and human competencies. The article proposes an approach that combines the use of AI with training in critical skills within intercreative digital environments, while addressing the socio-emotional needs of students. In conclusion, the study emphasises the importance of developing educational frameworks that effectively integrate AI, addressing ethical and social challenges to ensure a more inclusive and adaptive learning experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definition: The advent of the internet has fundamentally transformed how people access and interact with information. The digital landscape offers easy access to educational materials and healthcare and can support informed decision making. It also presents significant challenges in effectively using this information. This entry discusses the multifaceted barriers that can impede individuals from fully benefiting from the internet's information resources. Key challenges include discerning between accuracy and misinformation, the uneven distribution of digital literacy, disparities in access to technology, and motivational barriers in seeking reliable information. Additionally, the growing involvement of artificial intelligence (AI) in content curation, regulation, and moderation introduces opportunities and ethical dilemmas. These factors complicate efforts to support the accuracy and trustworthiness of the information shared through digital platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into the global AI skills gap, pointing out the disparities in AI expertise and the potential repercussions across economic, social, and geopolitical domains. It stresses the need for immediate action to tackle this issue, proposing solutions like international cooperation, educational reforms, policy innovations, ethical considerations, and social dialogues. The text also recognizes the advantages of AI technologies with proper governance and implementation, underlining the significance of inclusivity and fairness in AI development. Various research articles on responsible AI, automation, wage inequality, and the ethical aspects of taxing robots are discussed, along with insights on AI ethics guidelines worldwide and the societal impact of big data. References to publications from the International Labour Organization and the United Nations are made to shape a global perspective on the future of work. The authors, Yanyi Wu and Chenghua Lin, are associated with Zhejiang University in China. [Extracted from the article]

Digitalisation and the digital divide are important issues being studied, particularly within the urban-rural relationship. This paper focuses on women's perceptions of digitalisation and its potential in different types of rural areas in Czechia. A total of 241 guided interviews were conducted, of which 76 (31.5%) were with women. The respondents were rural managers/leaders, representatives of local government, businesses, and NGOs involved in LAGs who can stimulate local development. Results show similarities in the perceptions of men and women, who appreciate the benefits of digitalisation (e.g., speed of communication) and negatively perceive the weakening of social ties and unequal access to ICT infrastructure or digital skills. The sector of their work influences slight differences in women's views. It is necessary to support the construction of ICT infrastructure and the development of the population's IT skills to create equal conditions for access to digital technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research study investigated the perspectives of urban K-12 educators regarding the challenges they confronted when endeavoring to implement online learning effectively. The quantitative investigation involved 204 full-time urban teachers in a Midwestern state, all completing a researcher-developed questionnaire. The findings illustrated that participants encountered diverse obstacles, encompassing aspects related to readiness, along with external and internal factors. Educators identified a need for more time for crafting impactful online lessons as the most prominent barrier to preparedness. Respondents selected dependable student access to the internet at home as the primary external factor influencing their capacity to instruct in a virtual setting. The findings offer a specific perspective and an opportunity to stimulate dialogues concerning the provision of resources to enhance preparedness. By cultivating a deeper comprehension of how urban educators perceive their aptitude for online teaching, this study empowers current educators, educational leaders, and teacher preparation faculty to formulate more contemplative curricula. Future research should expand across multiple states to better equip aspiring educators and keep practicing professionals informed about empirically supported best practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper provides novel evidence on the role of gender in the performance of university students, which is particularly relevant to the debate on the performance of female students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) subjects. Design/methodology/approach: Our approach relies on the metafrontier approach proposed by Huang et al. (2014), which measures students' efficiency within a given faculty and the impact of the faculty's technology on students' efficiency. We use a sample of 53,159 first-year students in 8 faculties from a large university in southern Italy from 2002–2003 to 2010–2011. Findings: Students' efficiency is relatively low, reflecting an essential role of unobserved heterogeneity. The different technologies of somewhat similar faculties have minimal impact on efficiency. There is a performance gap against women in five faculties, which on average is strongest for the faculties in the pure and applied science area. This gap increases with the proportion of female students and decreases with female lecturers. Practical implications: The metafrontier has the benefit of providing relevant policy information on the drivers of student success by relying on data that universities routinely generate and preserve. Originality/value: The stochastic metafrontier approach allows us to separate the group-specific frontiers from the metafrontier, yielding a decomposition of the efficiency scores of various faculties into technical efficiency scores and technological gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid evolution of digital technologies has transformed modern society, yet significant disparities in digital engagement persist. This study explores the thirdlevel digital divide in Thailand, focusing on how sociodemographic factors shape digital engagement across economic, social, educational, and institutional domains. Using logistic regression analyses on a nationwide 2022 survey with 43,465 respondents, this research offers novel insights by identifying how gender, age, region, income, education, employment status, urban residency, and Internet confidence specifically affect different types of digital engagement. Key findings reveal that men are less likely to engage in online activities compared to women, while younger adults demonstrate higher digital participation. Notably, older adults rely more on institutional digital services, revealing an age-specific pattern. The study also highlights regional disparities, with the northeastern region showing higher engagement and the southern region lower across all domains. A novel finding is the contrasting role of income, which boosts economic engagement but reduces participation in institutional activities. Furthermore, this study underscores the strong role of education and Internet confidence in driving digital engagement across all areas. These findings offer crucial evidence for designing targeted interventions to bridge the digital divide, such as genderequality-focused digital literacy programs, initiatives for older adults, regional infrastructure enhancements, financial subsidies, integrating digital literacy into education, and building digital confidence through practical, hands-on national campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: The rapidly evolving landscape of effective treatment options in multiple sclerosis has led to a shift of treatment objectives towards a treat‐to‐target approach aiming to suppress disease activity below the level of detectability early during the disease. To enable treat‐to‐target, a thorough reappraisal of available outcome measures with respect to their ability in this regard is required. Methods: To that end, we conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review of more than 1000 studies using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) 2020 methodology focusing on underlying evidence as well as utility and implementability in clinical practice. Results: From there, we propose a set of measurable outcomes for everyday routine clinical practice as well as advanced/aspirational measurables requiring additional resources. We also outline remaining knowledge/technology gaps that need to be overcome to enable a treat‐to‐target approach. Conclusions: This work provides the basis for an evidence‐based definition of outcome targets for relevant stakeholders and regulatory authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]