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OBJECTIVE: To determine the short-term and medium-term risks of cancer in patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFalpha) therapies that have proven effective in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions. METHODS: By linking together data from the Swedish Biologics Register, Swedish registers of RA, and the Swedish Cancer Register, we identified and analyzed for cancer occurrence a national cohort of 6,366 patients with RA who first started anti-TNF therapy between January 1999 and July 2006. As comparators, we used a national biologics-naive RA cohort (n = 61,160), a cohort of RA patients newly starting methotrexate (n = 5,989), a cohort of RA patients newly starting disease-modifying antirheumatic drug combination therapy (n = 1,838), and the general population of Sweden. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using Cox regression analyses, examining overall RR as well as RR by time since the first start of anti-TNF therapy, by the duration of active anti-TNF therapy, and by the anti-TNF agent received. RESULTS: During 25,693 person-years of followup in 6,366 patients newly starting anti-TNF, 240 first cancers occurred, yielding an RR of 1.00 (95% confidence interval 0.86-1.15) versus the biologics-naive RA cohort, and similar RRs versus the other 2 RA comparators. RRs did not increase with increasing time since the start of anti-TNF therapy, nor with the cumulative duration of active anti-TNF therapy. During the first year following the first treatment start, but not thereafter, dissimilar cancer risks for adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab were observed. CONCLUSION: During the first 6 years after the start of anti-TNF therapy in routine care, no overall elevation of cancer risk and no increase with followup time were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which compared the addition of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine with the addition of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist infliximab to methotrexate as treatment strategies for patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A randomised trial was undertaken in 15 rheumatology units in Sweden, enrolling patients with early RA and administered with methotrexate. The study reported that adverse events were balanced fairly well between the two groups who received both drug combinations. It was interpreted that addition of a TNF antagonist to methotrexate therapy is superior to the addition of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in RA patients whom methotrexate treatment failed.