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Purpose: To examine associations between time perspective and health promotion behaviors of physical activity and weight management. Design: Quantitative cross-sectional. Setting: This study is part of the Betula project on aging, memory, and dementia in Northern Sweden. Subjects: 417 older adults aged between 55 and 85 years. Measures: Swedish-Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory; Physical Activity in the past year, past week, and in comparison with others of similar age; Weight Management = Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m2). Results: After controlling for age, sex, and years of education, hierarchical linear regression indicated a Balanced Time Perspective was significantly associated with more physical activity in the past year (P =.04), the past week (P <.001), and in comparison with others (P <.01). Past Negative time perspective was associated with less physical activity in the past year (P =.03), and in comparison with others (P =.03). Present Fatalistic was associated with less physical activity during the past week (P =.03), and in comparison with others (P =.01). Present Hedonistic was associated with more physical activity the past week (P =.03), and in comparison with others (P =.03). Past Negative was associated with higher BMI (P =.02), and Future Negative were associated with lower BMI (P =.01). Taken collectively, greater positivity and flexibility across time perspectives was associated with more physical activity, whereas negative oriented time perspectives related with less physical activity and poorer weight management. Conclusion: Time perspective can be associated with health behaviors in older adults and have implications for health across the lifespan. Health promotion interventions may target older adults' enjoyment of exercise and weight management in the present, rather than highlight potential negative health outcomes in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has sometimes been suggested that Addison never in fact outgrew Dryden's influence, not even in the "Pleasures of the Imagination" papers; that the imaginative and "psychological" emphases of those papers were already present in Dryden's criticism, in his most Longinian essays such as "Of Heroique Playes" (1672) and "The Author's Apology for Heroic Poetry; and Poetique Licence" (1677).[55] According to Clarence De Witt Thorpe, "Dryden ... contributed so much in the way of lively forward-looking discussion of basic critical problems ... that there was little in Addison's theory that had not been at least intimated in his great essays."[56] C. H. Salter was more trenchant: "it was Dryden, and not Addison, who broke with the canons of neo-classical criticism [and] laid the foundations of Romantic aesthetics": Addison's apparent innovations as a critic are the result of "his concealment of his sources and attempts to disagree with them, if necessary by misrepresenting them." The notes contain few dateable references: Addison's determination to present himself as a poetry-lover rather than scholar entailed a refusal to flaunt authorities in the manner of Dennis and the nit-picking "Dutch commentator(s)" Dryden had taught Addison to deride.[14] But those texts Addison does mention by name, or which can be identified from circumstantial details in his allusions to them, all date from between 1689 and 1692. I explain how it was that Addison effectively invented eighteenth-century aesthetics not in I The Spectator i but fifteen years earlier - and in an essay on Virgil's I Georgics i , the most Augustan poet's most Augustan poem. i. notes on ovid Two dates for the composition of Addison's "Notes on Ovid" are current in modern scholarship: 1697 and 1704. [Extracted from the article]

Known almost exclusively now as the author of The Spectator and Cato , Joseph Addison was also highly regarded throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a Latin poet. This article presents a new addition to the canon of Addison's Latin verse: a 57-line hexameter poem entitled Arcus Triumphalis which survives in a unique manuscript copy recently acquired by Addison's alma mater Magdalen College, Oxford. The article begins by describing the manuscript (scans of the leaves containing Addison's poem are included), detailing its likely genesis and confirming its attribution of the poem to Addison. Then it reconstructs the contexts of the poem, which describes a firework display put on in St James's Square on the evening of 2 December 1697 to celebrate William III's triumphal return to London after concluding the Peace of Ryswick. A third section provides a critical reading of the poem, concentrating on its surprising presentation of William III and its bold use of ekphrasis. The article concludes by assessing the place of Arcus Triumphalis in Addison's career, in relation to the early development of his Whiggism and as a forerunner of several of his definitive concerns in The Spectator : privacy and the public sphere, urban spectacle, and the aesthetics of looking. An edited text of the poem and an English translation are provided in an appendix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses challenges for M&S if it is to be increasingly important to decision aiding and policy analysis. It suggests an approach that—from the outset of a policy analysis project—incorporates M&S of a varied resolution with the intent that (1) the results of analysis will be communicated with a relatively simple model and corresponding narrative that scans the system problem in breadth, having been informed by richer modeling, and (2) the broad view is supplemented by the selective detail (zooms) and selected change of the perspective as needed. This is not just a matter of "dumbing down" communication, but a matter of thinking about both forests and trees from the outset and about designing analytic tools accordingly. It will also enable exploratory analysis amidst uncertainty and disagreement, which is central to modern policy analysis and decision-aiding. All of this poses significant challenges for those who design and build M&S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetomechanical behavior of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys such as Ni-Mn-Ga, and hence the relationship between structure and nanoscale magnetomechanical properties, is of interest for their potential applications in actuators. Furthermore, due to its crystal structure, the behavior of Ni-Mn-Ga is anisotropic. Accordingly, nanoindentation and magnetic force microscopy were used to probe the nanoscale mechanical and magnetic properties of electropolished single crystalline 10M martensitic Ni-Mn-Ga as a function of the crystallographic c-axis (easy magnetization) direction relative to the indentation surface (i.e., c-axis in-plane versus out-of-plane). Load-displacement curves from 5–10 mN indentations on in-plane regions exhibited pop-in during loading, whereas this phenomenon was absent in out-of-plane regions. Additionally, the reduced elastic modulus measured for the c-axis out-of-plane orientation was ∼50% greater than for in-plane. Although heating above the transition temperature to the austenitic phase followed by cooling to the room temperature martensitic phase led to partial recovery of the indentation deformation, the magnitude and direction of recovery depended on the original relative orientation of the crystallographic c-axis: positive recovery for the in-plane orientation versus negative recovery (i.e., increased indent depth) for out-of-plane. Moreover, the c-axis orientation for out-of-plane regions switched to in-plane upon thermal cycling, whereas the number of twins in the in-plane regions increased. We hypothesize that dislocation plasticity contributes to the permanent deformation, while pseudoelastic twinning causes pop-in during loading and large recovery during unloading in the c-axis in-plane case. Minimization of indent strain energy accounts for the observed changes in twin orientation and number following thermal cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines cricketers’ perceptions of emotional interactions between competitors. Semistructured interviews with 12 male professional cricketers explored experiences (i.e., emotions, cognitions, behaviors) relating to incidents during competition where they or an opponent attempted to evoke an emotional reaction (e.g., sledging). Cricketers described their use of sledging as aggressive actions and verbal interactions with the aim of disrupting concentration and altering the emotional states of opponents. They described experiencing a variety of emotions (e.g., anxiety, anger) in response to opponents’ attempts at interpersonal emotion regulation; linguistic analyses indicated that both positive than negative emotions were experienced. A range of strategies in response to competitors’ deliberate attempts at interpersonal emotion regulation were outlined. The present study extends previous research investigating interpersonal emotion regulation within teams by indicating that professional cricketers are aware of the impact of cognitions and emotions on performance and attempt to negatively influence these factors in competitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lacking in the philosophy of sport is discussion of the gendered numbers of sets played in Grand Slam tennis. We argue that the practice is indefensible. It can be upheld only through false beliefs about women or repressive femininity ideals. It treats male tennis players unfairly in forcing them to play more sets because of their sex. Its ideological consequences are pernicious, since it reinforces the respective identifications of the female and male with physical limitation and heroism. Both sexes have compelling reason to reject the practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is one option of many free-tissue flaps that is frequently selected to reconstruct defects of the head and neck. It is popular due to its relatively thin and pliable associated soft tissue, reliable supplying vasculature, and appropriate diameter and length of the supplying vessels to perform microvascular anastomosis. This case report describes the use of the RFFF to reconstruct an oral cavity defect following tumor resection in a patient who required adjustment of the typical RFFF design. This patient has a significant psychiatric history leading to self-induced forearm lacerations that resulted in substantial scarring of her bilateral forearms in the anatomical area typically included in the RFFF. Since the RFFF was the optimal reconstructive option for this patient, the design of the RFFF was able to be moved proximally up her forearm to avoid inclusion of the scars in the flap. Adequate blood flow of the ulnar artery was confirmed with an Allen0s test preoperatively to ensure the radial artery could be taken as part of the RFFF without causing ischemia of the hand. Following surgical resection of the patient0s tumor, the RFFF was harvested and inset to reconstruct the resulting oral cavity defect. The patient has had no complications following her resection and reconstruction to date. This report highlights the adaptability of the RFFF, allowing adjustments to typical flap design to optimize outcomes for each individualized patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WormBase (www.wormbase.org) is the central repository for the genetics and genomics of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.Weprovide the research community with data and tools to facilitate the use of C. elegans and related nematodes as model organisms for studying human health, development, and many aspects of fundamental biology. Throughout our 22-year history, we have continued to evolve to reflect progress and innovation in the science and technologies involved in the study of C. elegans. We strive to incorporate new data types and richer data sets, and to provide integrated displays and services that avail the knowledge generated by the published nematode genetics literature. Here, we provide a broad overview of the current state of WormBase in terms of data type, curation workflows, analysis, and tools, including exciting new advances for analysis of single-cell data, text mining and visualization, and the new community collaboration forum. Concurrently, we continue the integration and harmonization of infrastructure, processes, and tools with the Alliance of Genome Resources, of which WormBase is a founding member. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrin αvβ3 is a cell membrane structural protein whose extracellular domain contains a receptor for L-thyroxine (T4). The integrin is expressed in rapidly dividing cells and its internalization is prompted by T4. The protein binds viruses and we have raised the possibility elsewhere that action of free T4 (FT4)—when he latter is increased in the nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) known to complicate COVID-19 infecction—may enhance cellular uptke of SARS-CoV-2 and its receptor. Because T4 also acts nongenomically via the integrin to promote platelet aggregation and angiogenesis, we suggest here that T4 may contribute to the coagulopathy and endothelial abnormalities that can develop in COVID-19 infections, particularly when the lung is primary affected. Elevated FT4 has been described in the NTIS of COVID-19 patients and may be associated with increased illness severity, but the finding of FT4 elevation is inconsistent in the NTIS literature. Circulating 3,5',3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (reverse T3, rT3) are frequently elevated in NTIS. Thought to be biologically inactive, rT3in fact stimulates cancer cell proliferation via avb3 and also may increase actin polymerization. We propose here that rT3 in the NTIS complicating systemic COVIF-19 infection may support coagulation and disordered blood vessel formation via actin polymerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns were raised regarding the role feed and feed ingredients play for risk of disease introduction and dissemination after PEDV was first identified mid‐2013. Subsequently there has been a body of research and reviews completed. The results suggest a subset of contaminated feed ingredients could serve as vehicles for transboundary disease introduction into the United States. That has led to the development of biosecurity information from the pork and feed industry associations. At this time, implementation is voluntary. In 2019, representatives from pork producers, veterinarians, pork and other agriculture commodity associations and animal food industry associations formed a feed safety task force. The United States Department of Agriculture, the United States Food and Drug Administration and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency were also invited and attended. The task force operates under the premise that all participants agree there is risk of introduction of pathogens into and within the US via imported feed products. It is agreed that any actions should be achievable, are based on science and should minimize trade disruptions. The pork and feed industries have the same goal – a healthy, productive US swine herd. While our two industry sectors may have different ideas on how to prevent the introduction of diseases via imported feed ingredients, there is agreement that the general foundation for these approaches must be science based, cost effective and minimize negative impacts on market and international trade. Noncompliance with voluntary mitigation measures puts the entire pork industry at risk, all allied industries, and the US agricultural economy in general. Because of that it is essential to continue to evaluate the role of effective regulation to ensure risk of introduction is minimized through implementation of programs that will be broadly and uniformly applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive research outlines a broad spectrum of physical and mental health benefits associated with participation in yoga. In particular, yoga can increase mindfulness as well as decrease anxiety, depression, and stress. However, knowledge of the underlying mechanisms and conditions for promoting positive outcomes requires further study. Limited research has examined how the quality of the relationship between the yoga student and instructor may influence potential health benefits derived from participation in yoga. The present study investigated associations between levels of stress, emotional well-being, motives for yoga, relationship quality, and mindfulness during yoga. Analysis of data collected from 219 adults indicated that higher levels of stress and negative emotional well-being increased the likelihood that yoga was practised to address psychological motives rather than perceived physical health benefits. Additionally, relationship quality with the instructor was found to predict greater state mindfulness during the yoga session. The present study highlights the importance of the relationship quality between instructor and student; future research investigating the efficacy of yoga in optimizing mental health should consider how health outcomes might be influenced by motives for participation and interpersonal relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Dexmedetomidine is a selective α-2 agonist commonly used for sedation that has been used in obstetric anesthesia for multimodal labor analgesia, postcesarean delivery analgesia, and perioperative shivering. This study evaluated the role of intravenous dexmedetomidine to provide rescue analgesia and/or sedation during cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia. Methods. We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study of all parturients undergoing cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia between December 1, 2018, and November 30, 2019, who required supplemental analgesia during the procedure. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who received intravenous dexmedetomidine (Dexmed group) and patients who received adjunct medications such as fentanyl, midazolam, ketamine, and nitrous oxide (Standard group). Primary outcome was incidence of conversion to general anesthesia. Results. During the study period, 107 patients received adjunct medications. There was no difference in conversion to general anesthesia between the Dexmed group and the Standard group (6% (4/62) vs. 9% (4/45); p = 0.718). In the Dexmed group, the mean dexmedetomidine dose received was 37 μg (range 10 to 140 μg). While the use of inotropic/vasopressor medications was common and similar in both groups, there was an increase in the incidence of bradycardia (Dexmed 15% vs. Standard 2%; p = 0.042) but not hypotension (Dexmed 24% vs. Standard 24%; p = 1.00) in the Dexmed group. Conclusion. In patients who required supplemental analgesia for cesarean delivery, those who received dexmedetomidine versus other medications had a similar rate of conversion to general anesthesia, a statistically significant increase in bradycardia, but no difference in the incidence of hypotension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There are few methods that focus on therapists' experiences of supervision. To facilitate the development of psychologist students, a supervisee‐centred supervision, based on deliberate practice, feedback informed treatment and self‐compassion, was introduced. Methods: This study examines six supervisees' experiences of a supervisee‐centred supervision. A semi‐ structured interview was used for the collection of the data, which identified two main themes: Learning and Development and five associated sub‐themes: structure and purposesfulness, prerequisites, experience‐based learning, therapeutic skills and personal development. Conclusion: The experience‐ and feedback‐based approach was perceived as efficient, structured and goal oriented. This created high‐focused activity and participation, a strong group dynamic and a good alliance with the supervisors, providing a good climate for learning and development. Focusing on performance and feedback was perceived as a potential obstacle that could create stress and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extracellular domain of plasma membrane integrin avb3 contains a cell surface receptor for thyroid hormone analogues. The receptor is largely expressed and activated in tumor cells and rapidly dividing endothelial cells. The principal ligand for this receptor is L-thyroxine (T4), usually regarded only as a prohormone for 3,5,30-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), the hormone analogue that expresses thyroid hormone in the cell nucleus via nuclear receptors that are unrelated structurally to integrin avb3. At the integrin receptor for thyroid hormone, T4 regulates cancer and endothelial cell division, tumor cell defense pathways (such as anti-apoptosis), and angiogenesis and supports metastasis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. The molecular mechanisms involve signal transduction via mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, differential expression of multiple genes related to the listed cell processes, and regulation of activities of other cell surface proteins, such as vascular growth factor receptors. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) is derived from T4 and competes with binding of T4 to the integrin. In the absence of T4, tetrac and chemically modified tetrac also have anticancer effects that culminate in altered gene transcription. Tumor xenografts are arrested by unmodified and chemically modified tetrac. The receptor requires further characterization in terms of contributions to nonmalignant cells, such as platelets and phagocytes. The integrin avb3 receptor for thyroid hormone offers a large panel of cellular actions that are relevant to cancer biology and that may be regulated by tetrac derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Athletes' affective states can vary dramatically before, during, and after competition. Further, intense affect is associated with physiological responses that may amplify biological reactions manifested from the execution of physical tasks underlying performance. Fluctuations in perceptual cues (eg, perceived exertion) and physiological responses (eg, blood lactate, heart rate) can influence performance and vary dramatically in relation to competition. However, the pattern of these fluctuations and potential associations between perceptual cues and biological responses may also diverge during task execution with differential implications for performance. Data collected from highly trained athletes (N = 25; Mage = 25.4) during a competition (ie, maximum total distance) comprised of three 7‐minute cycling time trials and were analyzed with longitudinal multilevel modeling. Results showed that affective states were negatively associated with perceived exertion at the within‐person level and negatively associated with heart rate at the between‐person level within each trial. Blood lactate and heart rate were positively associated at the between‐person level, whereas heart rate was positively associated with perceived exertion at the within‐person level. The anticipation of more pleasurable affective states predicted less decline in affective states, but not physiological responses, during each trial. Anticipated affective states prior to each trial were also associated with affective states upon its completion. These findings suggest associations among perceptual cues and physiological responses may differ depending on the level of analysis (between‐ vs. within‐person level associations), and anticipated affective states prior to performance may influence affective states during and after task execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uptake of coronaviruses by target cells involves binding of the virus by cell ectoenzymes. For the etiologic agent of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), a receptor has been identified as angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). Recently it has been suggested that plasma membrane integrins may be involved in the internalization and replication of clinically important coronaviruses. For example, integrin αvβ3 is involved in the cell uptake of a model porcine enteric α-coronavirus that causes human epidemics. ACE2 modulates the intracellular signaling generated by integrins. We propose that the cellular internalization of αvβ3 applies to uptake of coronaviruses bound to the integrin, and we evaluate the possibility that clinical host T4 may contribute to target cell uptake of coronavirus and to the consequence of cell uptake of the virus. The viral binding domain of the integrin is near the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-binding site and RGD molecules can affect virus binding. In this same locale on integrin αvβ3 is the receptor for thyroid hormone analogues, particularly, L-thyroxine (T4). By binding to the integrin, T4 has been shown to modulate the affinity of the integrin for other proteins, to control internalization of αvβ3 and to regulate the expression of a panel of cytokine genes, some of which are components of the 'cytokine storm' of viral infections. If T4 does influence coronavirus uptake by target cells, other thyroid hormone analogues, such as deaminated T4 and deaminated 3,5,3ʹ-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), are candidate agents to block the virus-relevant actions of T4 at integrin αvβ3 and possibly restrict virus uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Experiencing shame can be a risk factor for relapse for people recovering from alcohol dependence, but for some it may act as a necessary protective factor for preventing relapse. Knowing how best to manage shame is therefore an important issue, yet the precise nature of the relationship between shame and alcohol dependence remains largely unexplored. Research questions: (1) In what ways do participants tell their stories of shame? (2) How is shame experienced and/or understood by those in recovery from alcohol dependence? Method: Eight participants were recruited from Alcoholic Anonymous (AA) groups and invited to tell their story of recovery. Stories were then analysed using a narrative analysis, focusing on how participants narrated their stories and made sense of their experiences of shame in particular. Findings: Participants spoke about an inherent deep-rooted negative view about themselves, which was present long before alcohol dependence developed. Alcohol served as a means of connection to others and a way of artificially relieving feelings of worthlessness. Recovery was about finding somewhere safe to talk about feelings of shame and make sense of these experiences. Conclusions: The results indicate that management of shame is an important component of recovery programmes for alcohol dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted three experiments to examine the relationships between emotions and subcomponents of performance. Experiment 1 revealed that anger was associated with enhanced gross muscular peak force performance but that happiness did not influence grammatical reasoning performance. Following Lazarus (1991, 2000a), we examined hope rather than happiness in Experiment 2. As hypothesized, hope yielded faster soccer-related reaction times in soccer players. Experiment 3 was an examination of extraversion as a moderator of the anger-performance relationship. When angry, extraverts' peak force increased more than introverts'. Results are discussed and future research directions are offered in relation to Lazarus's framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of repression in the incidence of ironic errors was investigated on a golf task. Coping styles of novice golfers were determined using measures of cognitiveanxiety and physiological arousal. Following baseline putts, participants (n = 58) performed a competition putt with the opportunity to win UK£50 (approx. US$100). Before completing the competition putt participants were instructed to "land the ball on the target, but be particularly careful not to over-shoot the target." The distance the ball traveled past the hole formed the measure of ironic effects. Probing of the coping style x condition interaction, F(2, 41) = 6.53, p < .005, revealed that only the repressors incurred a significant increase in ironic error for the competition putt. This suggests that the act of repressing anxiety has a detrimental performance effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comparison between time-regulated games (T games) and event-regulated games (E games) by R. Scott Kretchmar, Professor of Exercise and Sports science at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. According to Kretchmar, time-regulated games inherently suffer from three flaws, from which event-regulated games are happily free. The first flaw argued by Kretchmar is that T games do not promote a consistent confrontation of their respective tests or problems. Kretchmar argues, taking golf for example, that the constitutive rules indicate that the game consists of as many holes as can be completed in 4 hours. With the amateur ethos in place, a game can be expected to consist of 15-20 holes. It has been found that T games inherently allow one to win a contest without having undergone the test that is essential to playing the game in question. Kretchmar's belief that the outlawry has turned on contingent antistalling rules is misplaced. The rules in T games are not generally a contingent affair, slapped on as a corrective to a flighty internal logic.

Contrasts the respective approaches of a contributor, Michael Burke to two moral issues in sport. Information on coach-athlete sex exploitation; The incongruity in an article on boxing.

Thermally induced gauche-trans isomerization and direct solute-solvent interactions of the solute, ethyl isocyanate (EIC), in the solvent, 2-methylpentane (2MP), are investigated using ultrafast infrared vibrational echo experiments and linear vibrational absorption spectroscopy of the isocyanate (N = C = O) antisymmetric stretching mode (2278 cm[sup -1]). Both the EIC vibrational echo measured pure vibrational dephasing and the absorption spectra show complex behavior as a function of temperature from room temperature to 8 K. The EIC data are compared to absorption experiments on the same mode of isocyanic acid (HNCO), which cannot undergo isomerization. To describe the observations, a model is presented that involves both intramolecular dynamics and intermolecular dynamical interactions. At room temperature, gauche-trans isomerization is very fast, and the isomerization dynamics contribution to the vibrational echo decay and the absorption line shape is small because it is motionally narrowed. The dominant contribution to both the vibrational echo decay and the absorption spectrum is from direct dynamical interactions of the solute with the solvent. As the temperature is lowered, the direct contribution to vibrational dephasing decreases rapidly, but the contribution from isomerization increases because the extent of motional narrowing diminishes. The combined effect is a very gradual decrease of the rate of pure dephasing as the temperature is initially lowered from room temperature. At very low temperature, below the 2MP glass transition, isomerization cannot occur. The absorption spectrum displays two peaks, interpreted as the distinct gauche and trans absorption bands. Even at 8 K, the pure dephasing is surprisingly fast. The direct solvent-induced dephasing is negligible. The dephasing is caused by motions of the ethyl group without isomerization occuring. At intermediate temperatures (150 K > T > 100 K), isomerization takes place, but its contribution... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibrational relaxation of methanol-d (MeOD) in carbon tetrachloride has been investigated via ultrafast infrared pump–probe experiments. Exciting at 2690 cm-1, only the free O-D (where the D is not H-bonded) stretching mode is initially populated. For MeOD mole fractions ≤0.025, a 2.15 ps single exponential decay is observed. At mole fractions >=0.0375, the signal decays (2.15 ps decay time) below zero (increased absorption) and then recovers on time scales of 22 ps and >300 ps. The increased absorption indicates the formation of additional free ODs caused by the breaking of H-bonds that are not directly coupled to the initially excited vibration. The two-time scale recovery of this signal arises from geminate and nongeminate recombination. The data are fit with a set of kinetic equations that accurately reproduce the data. The results suggest that vibrational relaxation of the initially excited free OD stretch into intramolecular modes of the methanol leads to H-bond breaking. This contrasts studies that suggest direct relaxation of a vibrationally excited OH stretch into an H-bond stretch is responsible for H-bond breaking. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Replies on the arguments of David Carr relative to ability, responsibility and admiration in sport. Criticisms on the rejection of Carr on determinism of the performer; Characterization of character qualities of performer; Elaboration on the psychobehavioral qualities manifested in sports.

Focuses on the issues of immediacy and deferral in the theory of Grace by Christopher Cordner. Dislocation of the self from game in athletic performance; Importance of unity of self and activity as definitive of grace; Effects of bad conduct on the grace of movement.

Comments on the article 'Beauty, Sport, and Gender,' by Jan Boxill. Denial of the author in considering sport as art; Assessment on the aesthetic value of sports; Ambition of closing the gap between efficiency and beauty.

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects approximately 30% of the population of the United States, with worldwide distribution. The chronic (latent) infection, mediated by the bradyzoite parasite life stage, has attracted attention due to possible links to host behavioral alteration and psychomotor effects. Mice are a common model organism for studying the chronic stage, as they are natural hosts of infection. Notably, published studies demonstrate vast ranges of measured cyst burden within the murine brain tissue. The inconsistency of measured cyst burden within and between experiments makes interpretation of statistical significance difficult, potentially confounding studies of experimental anti-parasitic approaches. This review analyzes variation in measured cyst burden in a wide array of experimental mouse infections across published literature. Factors such as parasite infection strain, mouse strain, mode of infection, and infectious dose were all examined. The lowest variation in measured cyst burden occurred with the commonly available Balb/c and CBA mice undergoing infection by the ME49 strain of T. gondii. A summary of cyst variation and average cyst counts in T. gondii mouse models is presented, which may be useful for designing future experiments. Graphical abstract Image 10722 Highlights • Toxoplasma gondii chronic infection displays varied cyst numbers between mouse strains. • The parasite strain, ME49, produces the lowest cyst variation in 3 of the 6 mouse strains evaluated. • No method of infection was identified to substantially reduce the diverse cyst load amount in the brain. • The Kunming mouse strain established the most consistent cyst burden but is rarely used outside Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addresses issues surrounding the moral and ethical aspects of boxing as a sport. Distinction between questions of morality and legislation; Cultural glorification of violence; Social effects of boxing; Relationship between boxing objectives and attitudes toward the self; Significance of the levels of inflicted pain and injury.

Recent reports on children and adolescents’ physical activity indicate that approximately 80% do not meet the World Health Organisation’srecommended levels of physical activity. Childhood is a critical period of development; assuch, it isimportant to prioritize health promotion in this phase of one’s life. Use of gamification in mobile apps has been shown to positively influence physical activity levels in children and adolescents. Inclusion of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) has been noted to increase the effect of health promoting interventions. Previous research highlights that children and adolescents find the BCTs of goal setting/planning, feedback, reward, selfmonitoring, social comparison, and social support to be of interest. The aim of this study was to explore Swedish adolescents’ experience with physical activity and apps with a focus on the influence of BCTs. Three focus group interviews were undertaken with a total of 18 participants (11-15 years of age). The data were explored using reflective thematic analysis. In addition to the BCTsidentified in previousresearch, participantsin the presentstudy indicated they were positive about mobile apps providing instruction on how to perform a behaviour, demonstration of the behaviour, and the influence of removal of reward. Other attractive features of physical activities apps included developing a streak, competition, and provision of an adequate level of challenge. The present study contributes to a deeper understanding of how BCTs and other features can be implemented in physical activity apps, where individualization and renewal appear to be more important than the actual content features. These findings are important for future work to create interventions that increase the level of physical activity among adolescents both in Sweden and other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence suggests affective responses to exercise can influence exercise adherence. However, there is a limited understanding of how and when to measure core affect in resistance training. As such, the objective of this systematic review was to analyze how the Feeling Scale and/or the Felt Arousal Scale have been used in resistance training to assess core affect. Focus was given to the contextual feasibility, timing, and frequency of assessment. A search in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases was conducted (last search date July, 2022) with the purpose of including experimental and non-experimental studies, utilizing the Feeling Scale and/or the Felt Arousal Scale in resistance training, and focused on apparently healthy individuals of any age. Twenty-seven studies (N = 718 participants) published between 2009–2022 were qualitatively analyzed. Both scales appeared to be able to detect core affect within a wide array of intensities, ages, and equipment. As for the timing and frequency of measurement, no apparent standardization was evident. The use of the Feeling Scale, the Felt Arousal Scale, or both, to measure core affect appears to be feasible in resistance training practices. However, a lack of methodological background raises concerns regarding the quality of previous studies' assessments and comparisons of results across studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principles and formalities of modern U.S. Defence planning stem from the 1960s and have largely served well. This paper, however, is about the special challenges that arise when major changes have been needed, some even transformational in character. It discusses how changing realities, independent studies and analysis, events, leaders, and political processes have led to changes not easily instigated within normal processes. Several examples are discussed for the period 1976-2016. Today, the United States and allies again face major challenges that require major military changes. Those have not yet been decided, much less accomplished. The paper draws on lessons from earlier periods to identify obstacles to and mechanisms for change. The last section focuses on defence analysis, which has sometimes been an obstacle but can be part of the solution. The paper urges a new ethic for analysis and the analysts who perform it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops and tests a model for explaining small and medium-size enterprise (SME) participation and success in public procurement. The model is informed by a capability-based view of public sector tendering that includes relational and procedural dimensions. To test the model a survey was carried out on firms competing for contracts with Irish public sector organizations (n=3010). The survey was repeated one year later to demonstrate reliability (n=3092). Overall, the results lend support to the model. Procedural capability is associated with frequency of tendering and typical value of contract sought. Relational capability is not. Procedural and relational capabilities are each significant in accounting for success rates in contract competitions and commercial orientation towards the public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

l -Thyroxine (T 4 ) is the principal replacement hormone for patients who have hypothyroidism. Some preclinical and clinical evidence supports the possibility that T 4 can at least permissively affect certain features of established cancers and cancer-relevant angiogenesis. Thus, in the occasional patient with hypothyroidism and concomitant cancer, it appears reasonable to consider thyroid hormone replacement exclusively with 3,3′,5-triiodo- l -thyronine (T 3 ). This use of T 3 has been shown to be effective and safe in early experience with medical induction of euthyroid hypothyroxinemia in patients with advanced solid tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present essay aims to retrieve the "minor poet and wit" Robert Wolseley from obscurity, uncovering new information about his court career and shifting political allegiance, his output as a poet, and his association with the Earl of Rochester. In particular, Paul Davis argues that Wolseley makes a credible candidate for authorship of part or all of the "Allusion to Tacitus" (1679-80). The essay concludes by reconstructing Wolseley's poetic canon, identifying some eighteen items for which he was almost certainly responsible, either as sole author or in collaboration. These include a number of poetically creditable and historically significant pieces; Robert Wolseley emerges as a Restoration poet overdue scholarly attention not only because of his prestigious literary connections but also in his own right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a project designed to identify the extent to which and in what ways retaining talented leaders and aspiring leaders in the African public sector is a problem and the underlying reasons for any leadership talent retention problem. A qualitative research methodology is adopted, specifically a constructivist Grounded Theory Research Method (GTRM) approach. Data were collected through thirty-nine semi-structured interviews with public sector HR professionals from 14 African countries. The research found that talent retention of leaders in public sector organizations in Africa is a challenge and a concern. Interviewees reported a wide range of underlying reasons for the problem citing both internal and external barriers such as low prioritization of talent management, corruption, lack of funding and a skilled labor shortage. The study has advanced our knowledge on talent retention of leaders in the ever-changing and increasingly dynamic public sector. The paper highlights a number of potential future research opportunities. The study is limited by the sample size and a single-perspective of only the views of HR managers. There are potentially significant practical implications for those who design, implement and manage talent retention initiatives and for those who manage human resources more generally. The study provides public sector practitioners with helpful information to better address talent retention challenges. The authors contend that this is the first empirical, multi-country study of talent retention for leaders in the public sector in Africa [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extracellular domain of plasma membrane integrin αvβ3 contains a receptor for thyroid hormone (L-thyroxine, T4; 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine, T3); this receptor also binds tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a derivative of T4. Tetrac inhibits the binding of T4 and T3 to the integrin. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a chemokine relevant to inflammatory processes in the CNS that are microglia-dependent but also important to normal brain development. Expression of the CX3CL1 gene is downregulated by tetrac, suggesting that T4 and T3 may stimulate fractalkine expression. Independently of its specific receptor (CX3CR1), fractalkine binds to αvβ3 at a site proximal to the thyroid hormone-tetrac receptor and changes the physical state of the integrin. Tetrac also affects expression of the genes for other CNS-relevant chemokines, including CCL20, CCL26, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL10. The chemokine products of these genes are important to vascularity of the brain, particularly of the choroid plexus, to inflammatory processes in the CNS and, in certain cases, to neuroprotection. Thyroid hormones are known to contribute to regulation of each of these CNS functions. We propose that actions of thyroid hormone and hormone analogues on chemokine gene expression contribute to regulation of inflammatory processes in brain and of brain blood vessel formation and maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policies aimed at supporting small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are now standard in public procurement. Interest in these policies has yet to be matched by evidence on their implementation. Using an institutional perspective, we examine public buyers compliance with SME-friendly policy recommendations. The results, which are based on the self-reported behaviours of 436 respondents, show that public buyers are complying with some but not all policy measures. Compliance is high on measures including open tendering, provision of feedback and self-declaring financial capacity, but low on measures that impose higher transaction costs, such as dividing contracts into lots and encouraging consortium bidding. Further analysis reveals that involvement in procurement, policy familiarity and perceived importance of SME access act as positive predictors of compliance; being part of a semi-state/utility company, local authority or education institution has the opposite effect. Possibilities to increase compliance and bring about a more SME-friendly tendering system are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loose polyethylene encasement is a widely used corrosion protection measure for buried ductile iron pipes. Polyethylene encasement functions as a physical barrier between the pipe and surrounding soil environment. Findings from an international industry survey strongly suggest that performance of polyethylene encasement is governed by installation and repair practices. Common problems reported were inappropriate repairs at tapping connections, pre-installation damage, failure to overlap encasement at joints and improper excavation to accommodate encased joints during installation. To quantify the benefits of improved installation practice, physical and economic models were developed. The physical model predicts corrosion related failures and the economic model calculates the benefits accrued through their avoidance. The model indicates that pipelines in moderate to extremely corrosive soils, better installation practices were beneficial. Extrapolating to the network scale, a moderate 5% reduction in installation damage through improved practice created a benefit of approximately $1M/year benefit after 30 years in-service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone begin at receptors in the plasma membrane, mitochondria or cytoplasm. These receptors can share structural homologies with nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) that mediate transcriptional actions of T3, or have no homologies with TR, such as the plasma membrane receptor on integrin αvβ3. Nongenomic actions initiated at the plasma membrane by T4 via integrin αvβ3 can induce gene expression that affects angiogenesis and cell proliferation, therefore, both nongenomic and genomic effects can overlap in the nucleus. In the cytoplasm, a truncated TRα isoform mediates T4-dependent regulation of intracellular microfilament organization, contributing to cell and tissue structure. p30 TRα1 is another shortened TR isoform found at the plasma membrane that binds T3 and mediates nongenomic hormonal effects in bone cells. T3 and 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine are important to the complex nongenomic regulation of cellular respiration in mitochondria. Thus, nongenomic actions expand the repertoire of cellular events controlled by thyroid hormone and can modulate TR-dependent nuclear events. Here, we review the experimental approaches required to define nongenomic actions of the hormone, enumerate the known nongenomic effects of the hormone and their molecular basis, and discuss the possible physiological or pathophysiological consequences of these actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on the poetic response of essayist and poet Joseph Addison to the poem "Paradise Lost" by John Milton in the poem "Milton's Stile Imitated, in a Translation of a Story out of the Third Aeneid." A full text of Addison's poem is given, along with collations of substantive variants and annotation documenting its verbal borrowing from Milton's epic. Addison's emergent attitude to Milton is considered.

It is imperative that public procurement opportunities are made equally accessible to all size businesses to ensure a fair and level competitive playing field. “Innovation,” as the creative process of exploiting new ideas, has become widely recognized as playing a central role in the economic recovery of Europe and so too are the small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) who are considered as major promoters of innovation and innovative solutions. At a national level, the implementation of European Union (EU) policies on SMEs and innovation inclusion in public procurement, while of paramount importance to Irish policy-makers to ensure alignment and compliance, seems, however, to have a significant lack of monitoring and reporting mechanisms. It is found that a lack of commitment and drive from the top, a lack of robust measurements and monitoring mechanisms combined with contrasting political agendas, and a very risk averse culture have collectively added to government intentions being ignored in many instances. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose – This paper aims to take a new look at how scenarios are produced and used. It does so from a perspective that is unusual in the field: network pragmatism. Design/methodology/approach – This paper takes a conceptual approach. Findings – A network pragmatist account allows scenarios to play an important role in actions designed to secure specific futures for organisations. It, thus, endows them with micro-political force. Any scenario that fails to exert this force will wither and, ultimately, die, but it can be resuscitated. With its demise in the networked world, a scenario can assume a more partial and private existence, shaping the affections, loyalties and actions of notable individuals. Research limitations/implications – This approach generates novel propositions that question the adequacy of currently dominant cognitive theories. However, it has yet to be tested empirically. Originality/value – Pragmatist reading of scenarios that is proposed is not only distinct but also only ever partial. This work emphasises that a holistic account of scenario lives needs multiple theoretical perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-potential (SP) and VLF measurements were made in 1973, 1975, 1995, 1997 and 2012 across a basaltic dike that intruded into the Koae fault zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii in May 1973. The SP anomaly remained strong throughout. In 2012 it was at about 60% of the strength it had in 1973. In contrast, the VLF anomaly, though diminished, was still observable in 1995/1997, but by 2012 it had disappeared. A hydrothermal dike model, with parameters calibrated by modeling the solidification of Kilauea Iki lava lake, is used to calculate temperatures and conductivity variation. Following Jaeger's (1957) method, we find that the time in years for a dike of width W (m) to solidify is 0.0075 W 2 . Thus, a 1 m dike solidifies within the first few days, and after 39 years is only tens of degrees above ambient. Given the orders of magnitude difference between the conductivities of wet and dry basalt, we infer, that after solidification, the VLF anomalies were caused by induction in a localized veil of wet, hot basalt enveloping the dike, that was generated initially by condensation of steam, and subsequently by condensation of evaporated water as temperatures reduced. The conductivity anomaly persisted until the mid-nineties. By 2012, temperatures and condensation were too small for a VLF signal. The persistent SP anomaly is attributed to localized fluid disruption, with evaporation mainly at the water table and in the vadose zone. Streaming potentials are associated with evaporative circulation in the vadose zone. Next to the dike a positive potential is generated by upward flow of moisture-laden air, with a smaller negative potential on its flanks from downward infiltrating rainwater. The analysis indicates that the combination of SP and VLF measurements can characterize the evolving geothermal regime of intrusions above the water table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prostate biopsy remains the gold standard for prostate cancer diagnosis. The field of prostate biopsy is undergoing a rapid change. This study aims to provide a snapshot of the current practice of prostate biopsy in the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand (USANZ). Materials and Methods: A 31-question multiple-choice survey was constructed using a web-based provider and was distributed to 644 members of USANZ. The questionnaire addressed various aspects of prostate biopsy. Questionnaire results were collated and the data were analyzed statistically. Results: 150 completed surveys were returned, with a response rate of 23.3%: 84.5% of those completing the survey were consultant urologists and 68% were working in a metropolitan setting. 98.6% of clinicians used prophylactic antibiotics before prostate biopsy, most commonly a quinolone. 30.6% had used intravenous (IV) carbapenems at least once. Peri-prostatic local anesthetic (LA) infiltration was used by 39.9% of clinicians with 73% using IV sedation or general anesthetic (GA). 38.4% of clinicians reported performing TPT biopsy of the prostate and 19.6% of clinicians had ordered a MRI of the prostate prior to an initial biopsy with 10.2% routinely ordering a MRI of the prostate before repeat biopsy. Conclusion: Frequent prophylactic use of carbapenems suggests concern amongst clinicians about sepsis with quinolone-resistant bacteria. Almost 75% of TRUS biopsies were performed under IV sedation or GA indicating a heavy demand of health resources. TPT biopsy was used commonly and there was significant use of multiparametric MRI prior to prostate biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P-glycoprotein (P-gp; multidrug resistance pump 1, MDR1; ABCB1) is a plasma membrane efflux pump that when activated in cancer cells exports chemotherapeutic agents. Transcription of the P-gp gene (MDR1) and activity of the P-gp protein are known to be affected by thyroid hormone. A cell surface receptor for thyroid hormone on integrin αvβ3 also binds tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a derivative of L-thyroxine (T4) that blocks nongenomic actions of T4 and of 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) at αvβ3. Covalently bound to a nanoparticle, tetrac as nanotetrac acts at the integrin to increase intracellular residence time of chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin and etoposide that are substrates of P-gp. This action chemosensitizes cancer cells. In this review, we examine possible molecular mechanisms for the inhibitory effect of nanotetrac on P-gp activity. Mechanisms for consideration include cancer cell acidification via action of tetrac/nanotetrac on the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) and hormone analogue effects on calmodulin-dependent processes and on interactions of P-gp with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and osteopontin (OPN), apparently via αvβ3. Intracellular acidification and decreased H+ efflux induced by tetrac/nanotetrac via NHE1 is the most attractive explanation for the actions on P-gp and consequent increase in cancer cell retention of chemotherapeutic agent-ligands of MDR1 protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]