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Etlingera velutina belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. The plant is known as a potent agent for snakebite and food flavoring in the east of Asia. In this study, the essential oil from the rhizomes of E. velutina was obtained using the hydro-distillation assay. The chemical composition of the oil was identified by chromatographic methods of GC/FID and GC/MS. The MTT assay was run to evaluate the cytotoxicity effect of the essential oil. The oil consists of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon. α-Cubebene (57.4%) and 2-undecanone (28.6%) were the major compounds for the rhizome oil. The MTT assay was run to treat the cell lines with essential oil for evaluation of the cytotoxicity and anti-human colorectal carcinoma properties. The IC50 of essential oil was 241 and 214 μg/mL against ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT-8 [HRT-18]) and Burkitt's lymphoma (Ramos.2G6.4C10) cell lines, respectively. The results showed a dose-dependently on The viability of malignant colorectal cell lines in the presence of essential oil. The obtained results revealed the essential oil of the rhizomes of E. velutina is a potent agent against colorectal carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies evaluating the association between prediabetes the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) showed inconsistent results. The aim of the meta-analysis was to compare the long-term incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) between AMI patients with prediabetes and normoglycemia. Methods: Relevant prospective cohort studies were obtained by searching Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Only studies with follow-up duration of at least one year were included. A random-effects model was utilized to pool the results by incorporating the influence of heterogeneity. Results: Twelve studies with 6972 patients with AMI were included. Among them, 2998 were with prediabetes and 3974 were with normoglycemia. During a mean follow-up of 52.6 months, 2100 patients developed MACEs. Compared to those with normoglycemia, AMI patients with prediabetes were associated with a higher incidence of MACEs (risk ratio [RR]: 1.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 1.58, p = 0.008; I2 = 67%). Subgroup analysis showed a stronger association between prediabetes and MACEs in studies of patients with mean age ≥ 60 years compared to < 60 years (RR: 1.66 versus 1.10, p for subgroup difference = 0.04), with proportion of men < 75% compared to ≥ 75% (RR: 1.87 versus 1.08, p for subgroup difference = 0.01), and in prediabetes evaluated at or after discharge compared to that evaluated within three days of AMI onset (RR: 1.39 versus 0.78, p for subgroup difference = 0.01). Conclusions: Prediabetes may be associated with a higher risk of MACEs in patients with AMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As urbanization increases, the human demand for the cultural services of wetland ecosystems is growing. However, traditional cultural ecosystem service (CES) assessments are usually conducted using a focused survey over a short period, often ignoring the changes in CESs over time. Social media data have great potential for assessing dynamic changes in CESs. In this paper, we integrated social media data into the Social Value for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) model to identify and locate the CES values of Shanghai's Wusong Paotaiwan Wetland (WPW) Park in 2015, 2017, and 2019. We also quantified the inter-annual variation in the CES values through raster calculations. We found that the spatial distribution of the CES values showed a tendency towards mean values, which may be related to social media promotion, the improvements in park facilities, and visitors' play psychology of seeking differences. These results can help planners respond to visitor feedback and improve park programmes in a timely manner. Notably, the spatial distribution of the CES values varied significantly between years, which suggests that we should select data for different purposes and consider which year or years of data are most scientifically sound to facilitate reliable conclusions before conducting CES assessments. [Display omitted] • The dynamic changes in wetland CES were revealed. • Significant differences existed between years in the spatial distribution of CES values. • CES value assessment should emphasize the combination of multi-year data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban parks are important social resources that can promote the physical and mental health of visitors. Concerns over adverse effects brought by the inequitable distribution of park resources are increasing worldwide. Many studies have used park accessibility to address this environmental inequity issue by focusing on populations with varying socioeconomic statuses and racial/ethnic compositions across regions. However, the inequities caused by differences in park quality are under-represented in these studies, especially for minority groups such as elderly individuals, children and unemployed individuals. Thus, this study proposes an improved environmental equity assessment that integrates park accessibility and multidimensional park quality, which includes aesthetic features (AFs), facilities for recreation (FRs), facilities for convenience (FCs), and a total score (TS). The results indicate that FCs related to people's basic needs are the most accessible service in Shanghai's urban parks, followed by AFs and FRs. According to the improved index, as with high socio-economic groups, areas with more elderly and unemployed people have easier access to better-quality urban parks; unfortunately, the opposite is true for children. Our findings also suggest that the priority of urban park planning and management is supply and demand balance, followed by improvements and adjustments of park quality. The proposed index could be used as a useful tool to facilitate the enhancement of social equity in urban park planning and management. • An environmental equity assessment that integrates park accessibility and multidimensional park quality is proposed. • Where accessibility is good, improvements to park quality are important to create an equitable park environment. • In Shanghai's central city, children may be a vulnerable group in terms of access to good urban park resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological compensation, which is known as an effective pathway to restore ecosystems, has been widely adopted in trans-boundary river basins management. Public participation is an important determinant of the efficiency and efficacy of an eco-compensation program. However, how to motivate public participation in eco-compensation in trans-boundary basins is still a challenge. Public intention and motivation regarding ecological compensation are the determinants of public participation in ecological compensation. In this study, the theory of planned behaviour is extended to explain the motivations for public eco-compensation intention in a trans-boundary river basin. Public eco-compensation intention is measured by the contingent valuation method. The main findings show that (1) the mean willingness to pay (WTP) in the downstream area and the mean willingness to accept payment (WTA) in the upstream area are 51.08 RMB and 373.9 RMB per month per household, respectively. WTA/WTP divergence is approximately 7.32 in this study. (2) Upstream of the Taipu River Basin, behavioural attitude, subjective norms, knowledge of eco-compensation and satisfaction with government work are significant influential factors of residents' behavioural intention towards eco-compensation. In the downstream area, behavioural attitude, perceived behavioural control and risk perception are among the most significant influential factors. (3) Situation awareness can promote residents' subjective norms and perceived behavioural control in downstream areas. A pathway to promote public participation in eco-compensation is given based on residents' eco-compensation intention and motivation. • CVM and TPB model were used to measure residents' eco-compensation intention in a trans-boundary river basin. • RP, SGW, KE were extended to TPB model to explain the residents' eco-compensation intention in transboundary river basins. • BA, SN, KE, and SGW influence residents' eco-compensation intention in the upper reach of the Taipu river. • BA, PBC, and RP influence residents' eco-compensation intention in the lower reach of the Taipu river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]