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Laxogenin C (LGC) is a natural spirostanol deriving from plant hormone which has shown growing regulation similar to those of brassinosteroids. In the present study, LGC showed a promoting effect on tomato seed germination and seedling growth in a dose-dependent manner. We applied LC-MS/MS to investigate metabolome variations in the tomato treated with LGC, which revealed 10 differential metabolites (DMs) related to KEGG metabolites, associated with low and high doses of LGC. Enrichment and pathway mapping based on the KEGG database indicated that LGC regulated expressions of 2-hydroxycinnamic acid and l-phenylalanine to interfere with phenylalanine metabolism and phenylpropanoids biosynthesis. The two pathways are closely related to plant growth and lignin formation. In our further phenotypic verification, LGC was confirmed to affect seedling lignification and related phenylpropanoids, trans-ferulic acid and l-phenylalanine levels. These findings provided a metabolomic aspect on the plant hormone derivates and revealed the affected metabolites. Elucidating their regulation mechanisms can contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture. Further studies on agrichemical development would provide eco-friendly and efficient regulators for plant growth control and quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • MnO 2 /CNTs catalysts for cumene oxidation is prepared. • Synergistic effect between MnO 2 and CNTs facilitating CHP decomposition is observed. • Kinetic modelling of 7 elementary steps is established. • MnO 2 /CNTs mainly accelerates the initial and terminal steps. • Enhanced k 80 and reduced E a are obtained over MnO 2 /CNTs. Synergistic effects between the carbon materials and metal oxides usually are considered as the significant factor in the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons. In current study, MnO 2 /CNTs catalysts were prepared under mild condition and applied in the cumene oxidation. As high as 73.44% cumene conversion with 59.06% selectivity of 2-phenyl-2-propanol(PP) was obtained over 21.23-MnO 2 /CNTs, which is much higher than those of CNTs-catalysis and MnO 2 -catalysis systems. The decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), a key step for cumene oxidation, was proved to be facilitated by the interaction between MnO 2 nanoparticles and CNTs, which also confirmed from the DFT calculations. These results demonstrated that the synergistic effect between MnO 2 nanoparticles and CNTs would greatly enhance the activity and tune the distribution of products selectivity. The kinetic modeling study in this work further revealed that the interactions between MnO 2 nanoparticles and CNTs would accelerate all the elementary steps, especially, the homolytic cleavage of CHP. The reaction rate constant (k 80 = 9 h−1) for 21.23-MnO 2 /CNTs is 450-folds of CNTs (k 80 = 0.02 h−1). Moreover, the concentration distributions of acetophenone (AP) and PP were well illustrated from the kinetic study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thermo and light-responsive strategies for enhancing the bacterial anti-adhesion. • The resisting effect of hydrated layer formed by PEGMA were demonstrated. • The antibacterial, thermo and light-responsive mechanism models were proposed. • This surface exhibited durably antibacterial and anti-adhesive properties. Despite adopting diverse antibacterial or superwettable surface strategies could realize their bacterial anti-adhesion and anti-biofilm, designing material surface of adjustable bacterial anti-adhesion by smart response to adapt to mutable environment is urgently needed. Herein, thermo and light-responsive strategies were adopted to adjust and enhance the bacterial anti-adhesion and render composite material surface with smart response for the complex environmental change. This composite surface was designed with light-responsive titanium dioxide nanotubes/titanium (TNTs)/Ti surface as base and grafting thermo-responsive P(vinylcaprolactam (VCL)–co-polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA)–co-alkyl-dimethyl tertiary amine (QAS)–co-vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMO)) copolymer on, and endowed with the long-lasting antibacterial QAS and hydrophilic PEGMA constituents to greatly reduce bacterial adhesion. The bacterial anti-adhesion could be intelligently adjusted and enhanced owing to the thermo-response of VCL in the copolymer and light-response of TNTs arrays. The resisting effect of hydrated layer formed by PEGMA and its resisting enhancement by TNTs were demonstrated as important roles in bacterial anti-adhesion. An enhancement of bacterial anti-adhesion triggered by thermo-response was ascribed to the underwater conformational change of polymer molecules observed by in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), and that triggered by light-response was due to the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the composite surface. The robust durability of antibacterial and bacterially anti-adhesive properties paved good foundations for application in the mutable environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]