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Background: Breast cancer survival is increasing, making late effects such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) more relevant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate incident CVD following breast cancer diagnosis among long‐term survivors and to investigate possible risk factors for CVD. Methods: A population‐based cohort of 6641 breast cancer survivors diagnosed between 1997 and 2009 who survived at least 10 years was identified within the Utah Cancer Registry. In addition, 36,612 cancer‐free women from the general population, matched by birth year and state, were identified within the Utah Population Database. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate CVD hazard ratios (HRs) for >10 to 15 and >15 years. Results: Long‐term breast cancer survivors had an increased risk of newly diagnosed diseases of the circulatory system (HR, 1.32; 99% confidence interval [CI], 1.00‐1.75) from 10 to 15 years following cancer diagnosis compared with the general population. No increased CVD risks were observed after 15 years. Breast cancer survivors with Charlson Comorbidity Index score ≥2 had a significantly higher risk of diseases of the circulatory system (HR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.08‐6.45) beyond 10 years following breast cancer diagnosis. Similarly, older age, obesity, lower education, and family history of CVD and breast cancer were risk factors for heart and circulatory system diseases among long‐term breast cancer survivors. Conclusion: Risk of CVD compared to the general population was moderate among this cohort of long‐term breast cancer survivors between 10 to 15 years since cancer diagnosis. Awareness of CVD risks is important for breast cancer survivors. The risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) between 10 to 15 years since cancer diagnosis was moderate among this cohort of long‐term breast cancer survivors compared to the general population. Awareness of CVD risks is important for breast cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are an estimated 1.4 million colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors in the United States. Research on endocrine and metabolic diseases over the long term in CRC survivors is limited. Obesity is a risk factor for CRC; thus it is of interest to investigate diseases that may share this risk factor, such as diabetes, for long-term health outcomes among CRC survivors.Methods: A total of 7114 CRC patients were identified from the Utah Population Database and matched to a general population cohort of 25 979 individuals on birth year, sex, and birth state. Disease diagnoses (assessed over three time periods of 1-5 years, 5-10 years, and >10 years) were identified using electronic medical records and statewide ambulatory and inpatient discharge data. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk of endocrine and metabolic disease.Results: Across all three time periods, risks for endocrine and metabolic diseases were statistically significantly greater for CRC survivors compared with the general population cohort. At 1-5 years postdiagnosis, CRC survivors' risk for diabetes mellitus with complications was statistically significantly elevated (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.36, 99% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 1.70). CRC survivors also experienced a 40% increased risk of obesity at 1-5 years postcancer diagnosis (HR= 1.40, 99% CI= 1.66 to 2.18) and a 50% increased risk at 5-10 years postdiagnosis (HR = 1.50, 99% CI= 1.16 to 1.95).Conclusions: Endocrine and metabolic diseases were statistically significantly higher in CRC survivors throughout the follow-up periods of 1-5 years, 5-10 years, and more than 10 years postdiagnosis. As the number of CRC survivors increases, understanding the long-term trajectory is critical for improved survivorship care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of endometrial cancer patients are overweight or obese at cancer diagnosis. Obesity is a shared risk factor for both endometrial cancer and diabetes, but it is unknown whether endometrial cancer patients have increased diabetes risks. The aim of our study was to investigate diabetes risk among endometrial cancer patients. Endometrial cancer patients diagnosed between 1997 and 2012 in Utah (n = 2,314) were identified. Women from the general population (n = 8,583) were matched to the cancer patients on birth year and birth state. Diabetes diagnoses were identified from electronic medical records and statewide healthcare facility databases. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios for diabetes after cancer diagnosis. Endometrial cancer survivors had a significantly higher risk of type II diabetes when compared to women from the general population in the first year after cancer diagnosis (HR = 5.22, 95% CI = 4.05, 6.71), >1–5 years after cancer diagnosis (HR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.31, 2.12), and >5 years after cancer diagnosis (HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.29, 2.11). Endometrial cancer patients who were obese at cancer diagnosis had a three-fold increase in type II diabetes risk (HR = 2.99, 95%CI = 2.59, 3.45). Although endometrial cancer patients diagnosed at distant stage had a higher risk of diabetes, cancer treatment did not appear to contribute to any diabetes risks. In conclusion, endometrial cancer survivors had a higher risk of diabetes than women in the general population. These results suggest that long term monitoring for diabetes is indicated for endometrial cancer survivors. • Endometrial cancer survivors in all BMI groups had an increased risk of diabetes. • 29.5% of endometrial cancer patients were diagnosed with diabetes after diagnosis of endometrial cancer. • Obesity was the most important risk factor for type II diabetes among endometrial cancer survivors. • Overall, endometrial cancer survivors had a twofold higher risk of type II diabetes compared to the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]