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Purpose: NMDAR and complements have been reported to facilitate progression of OA but the correlation between NMDAR and complement C5 in OA is unknown. Therefore, NMDAR antagonist, MK801 and C5 inhibitor, eculizumab were applied to measure functions of NMDAR and C5 in SW1353 cells. Methods: SW1353 cells were first induced with LPS (5 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml) and later 10 μg/ml LPS induced SW1353 cells were treated by MK801 (100 μM) and eculizumab (100μg/ml). Thereafter, NR1, NR2A and C5 RNA expressions were assessed by RT-qPCR in LPS induced SW1353 cells and NR1 with NR2A was measured under MK801 treatment while C5 was analyzed by eculizumab treatment. Later, apoptosis of SW1353 cells were examined through flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6 and NLRP3 RNA expressions were evaluated by RT-qPCR in SW1353 cells from different groups. Results: NR1, NR2A and C5 RNA expressions were all significantly upregulated after LPS induction with upregulated apoptosis and increased TNF-α, IL-6 and NLRP3. Treatment of MK801, a NMDAR antagonist, reduced NR1 and NR2A levels. Moreover, apoptosis rate of SW1353 and RNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines were all markedly reduced with MK801. Further, eculizumab treatment significantly downregulated C5 RNA expression in LPS induced SW1353 cells. Added eculizumab also enhanced functions of MK801 in repressing apoptosis rate and inflammatory factors RNA expressions. Conclusion: MK801 and eculizumab suppressed apoptosis and inflammatory response in SW1353 cells through inhibiting NMDAR and complement C5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA), inflammation of joint and articular cartilage, is a serious joint disorder and a major cause of pain and disability. LncRNAs exert their role in OA progression. The purpose of this present research is to investigate the impact and molecular mechanism of lncRNA regulator of reprogramming (LncRNA-ROR) on inflammatory damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C28/12 cells. Methods: The expressions of lncRNA-ROR and miR-124-3p and the mRNA expressions of COX-2, iNOS, IL-8, C5a, and TNF-α were determined in C28/12 cells stimulated with LPS using RT-qPCR. Viability of C28/12 cells was evaluated using CCK-8 assay and C28/12 cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry in LPS-induced C28/12 cells. Moreover, the concentration of IL-8, C5a, and TNF-α and the protein expressions of TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathways were examined using Elisa assay. Results: Results revealed that LPS inhibited the proliferation, enhanced rate of cell apoptosis, and promoted mRNA expressions of iNOS, IL-8, C5a, and TNF-α in C28/12 cells. Besides, the expression of lncRNA-ROR was expressively reduced in C28/12 cells stimulated with LPS and the lncRNA-ROR overexpression markedly reduced the inflammatory injury stimulated by LPS in C28/12 cells. Besides, lncRNA-ROR significantly down-regulated the miR-124-3p expression and miR-124-3p exposure inhibited the protecting impact of lncRNA-ROR on LPS-induced C28/12 cells. Furthermore, lncRNAROR suppressed the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathways via suppressing the expression of miR-124-3p in LPS-induced C28/12 cells. Conclusion: The finding revealed that lncRNA-ROR protected against LPS-stimulated inflammatory injury in C28/12 cells by suppressing TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathways via inhibiting miR-124-3p suggested an efficient therapeutic strategy for OA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to broaden the application field of proanthocyanidins (PCs) from Zijuan tea, it is necessary to establish an environmental and economic extraction method of PCs from Zijuan tea. Based on the single‐factor experiment, Box‐Behnken response surface methodology was used to study the effects of solid–liquid ratio, the concentration of citric acid solution, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic temperature on the yield of PCs from Zijuan tea. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: 1:35.3 (m/V) solid–liquid ratio, 0.08% citric acid solution, 233.0 W ultrasonic power, 64.0°C ultrasonic temperature, and 48.6 min ultrasonic time. Under these conditions, the yield of PCs was 5.18 ± 0.13 mg/g. Meanwhile, the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PCs on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) were 0.5417 and 0.4825 mg/mL, respectively; antimicrobial activity of PCs on several strains tested showed antimicrobial effect as follows: Bacillus subtilis >Staphylococcusaureus >Escherichiacoli >Saccharomycescerevisiae. Therefore, the results provided a theoretical basis for the application of PCs in food development. Novelty impact statement: The extraction conditions significantly affected the yield of proanthocyanidins (PCs) from Zijuan tea. While Zijuan tea extracted with 0.08% the citric acid solution (1:35.3 [m/V] solid–liquid ratio) and ultrasonic instrument (233.0 W ultrasonic power, 64.0°C ultrasonic temperature, and 48.6 min ultrasonic time) could be used as a potential food additive, exhibiting a promising antioxidant potential for food product applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]