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Background: With the modification of DSM-5 mixed features specifier, a brief scale to screen mixed features in patients with mood disorders is needed in clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale supplemented with DSM-5 Mixed subtype (CUDOS-M-C) for the Chinese patients with mood disorders.Methods: Overall, 300 patients with major depressive episode were recruited. All participants were assessed using CUDOS-M-C, Young Mania Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to calculate the optimal cut-off values of CUDOS-M-C score. The reliability and validity of CUDOS-M-C were examined using Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and principal component analysis (PCA).Results: The results of PCA indicated two-factor structure as the best solution for CUDOS-M-C, which explained 54.82% of cumulative variance. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.892 and the ICC was 0.853. The area under the ROC curve of the CUDOS-M-C for participants with mixed depression was 0.927 (p<0.001) and the suitable cut-off value was 8, with a sensitivity of 91.6% and specificity of 79.9%.Limitations: Most of the patients were recruited from eastern China and further research with larger sample is warranted. And this study did not perform confirmatory factor analysis to identify the generalization of factor structure of CUDOS-M-C. Besides, the study performed the test-retest reliability of CUDOS-M-C and further analysis is needed to ascertain the patient's post-treatment changes.Conclusion: The CUDOS-M-C demonstrated to have satisfactory psychometric properties as a self-report scale, and could be applied to screen patients with mixed depression in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mixture of soybean protein isolate-emulsified vitamin E emulsion and chitosan was incubated at 50 °C, 70 °C, and 90 °C for 12 h to check whether Maillard reaction could occur between the two polyelectrolytes during coacervation and its effects on the properties of resultant microcapsules. Color measurements and FTIR analysis revealed that Maillard reaction occurred during microencapsulation and was favored by higher coacervation temperatures. Coacervation at the three temperatures effectively reduced the aggregation and significantly increased the particle size and zeta potential of the microcapsules. The microencapsulation performance was promoted in higher temperatures and coacervation at 90 °C led to a yield of 89.15% compared with 56.30% of the control. Besides, the Maillard reaction-modified microcapsules exhibited better flowability, higher bulk density, and greater stability. It is concluded that the coacervation temperature is an important processing parameter to control the morphology and properties of microcapsules prepared by protein – polysaccharide coacervation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of coacervation acidity, phase separation temperature, ionic strength, and biopolymer ratio on the viscoelasticity of the N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) – gum Arabic (GA) coacervate were investigated by using coacervate yield as the indicator of electrostatic interaction strength. The strongest interaction between NOCC and GA occurred at pH 3.0, whereas the highest modulus values were found in the coacervate separated at pH 6.0. The coacervate yield did not vary with phase separation temperature in the range 4–55 °C, but the coacervate viscoelasticity declined as the temperature increased from 25 °C to 45 °C and then peaked at 55 °C. The presence of NaCl weakened the electrostatic interaction between the two polyelectrolytes, but no dose-dependent reduction in viscoelasticity was observed for their coacervates. Besides, the highest electrostatic interaction strength and coacervate viscoelasticity were recorded at different GA to NOCC ratios. It is proposed that the strength of electrostatic interaction is not the only parameter that determines the viscoelasticity of the NOCC – GA coacervate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A total of 110 B3 genes were identified and characterized in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). • Phytozome and qRT-PCR data analysis revealed tissue-specific expression profiles of PvB3 genes. • Some PvB3s were correlated with auxin (IAA) under salt stress. The plant-specific transcription factor B3 superfamily members mediate plant growth, development, and stress response. Although the B3 gene has been studied in various plants, its role in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is unknown. In this study, 110 PvB3 genes were identified from the common bean genome and analyzed based on the phylogeny, gene structure, motifs, cis -regulatory elements, collinearity, and Ka/Ks. PvB3s were divided into four subgroups based on motifs and gene structure. The cis -element composition of the most PvB3 were involved in hormone production, abiotic stress response, and germination. Most PvB3 were highly expressed in the vigorously growth tissue of common bean, such as nodules, young pods, and young trifoliate. Moreover, RNA-seq results showed that PvB3 -001/010/027/032/047/048/059/090 were enriched in tryptophan metabolism pathway (involves in AUX/IAA, GH3, and SAUR) of common bean under salt stress. Notably, exogenous IAA treatment could increase endogenous IAA content and the number of lateral roots, while altering the expression level of PvB3s in salt-sensitive common bean variety under salt stress. Taken together, the result indicated that PvB3 transcription factors may be involved in common bean salt stress response by participating in the synthesis and metabolic regulation of IAA. This study provides a theoretical basis for further study on the role of PvB3 s in common bean abiotic stresses response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brabybaenid land snail,Cathaica fasciola(Draparnaud, 1801) is widely distributed in China and causes significant damage to economic crops but there have been few ecological studies on this pest species. In the present study, the effects of availability of moisture and its interaction with live weight of dormantC. fasciolawere examined in the laboratory for effects on the length of time that snails required to resume activity. Snail live weight increased with availability of water during transition of dormancy to activity. The amount of water uptake required to break dormancy, proportional to snail live weight, was less for larger snails than for smaller snails. The duration of dormancy breaking was much longer at a water temperature of 5 °C than at 10–30 °C. These results are discussed in relation to prospects for control ofC. fasciolain crops by manipulating dormancy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: In this paper, the degradability of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and thermoplastic dialdehyde starch (TPDAS) under controlled composting conditions was investigated and a manual set-up was built according to ISO 14855 for this purpose. Chemical modification of starch can have a major impact on the biodegradation rate and final biodegradation percentage. The TPS degraded faster than TPDAS under controlled composting conditions. For the TPDAS, the degradation rate and final biodegradation percentage were closely related to the degree of oxidation of dialdehyde starch (DAS). The possible reason was also discussed. The biodegradation process of TPS and TPDAS exhibited three phases or stages with different degradation speeds. The biodegradation in the first phase was slow, accelerated in the second phase and leveled off in the third phase. Three kinds of actinomycete were isolated from the compost and identified as micromonospora, nocardia and streptomycete, which were degrading microorganisms of the starch tested. The abilities of these strains to decompose the TPS and TPDAS were also discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds are important legume crops and an important source of dietary proteins and carbohydrates. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies to improve salt tolerance in common beans. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were conducted on local common bean variety under salt stress at the sprout stage for a period of 0, 12, and 24 h. Results showed that phenylpropanoid pathways (including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism) and flavonoid pathways (including flavonoid biosynthesis and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis) played an important role in controlling responses to salt stress as evidenced by analysis of differentially expression genes, common expression patterns, WCGNA, and differentially altered metabolites (DAMs) analyses. In addition, exploration of the activities of 4‐coumarate‐CoA ligase (4CL), caffeoyl‐CoA O‐methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), peroxidase (POD), chalcone isomerase (CHI), dihydroflavonol‐4‐reductase (DFR), and flavonol synthase (FLS) further showed that phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways participate in plant responses to salt stress. Moreover, the phenylpropanoid pathways and flavonoid pathways were found to be potential pathways regulating plant response to salt stress based on transcriptome and metabolome analysis. The activities of 4CL, CCoAOMT, POD, CHI, DFR, and FLS revealed that these pathways are crucial to the regulation of plant responses to salt stress. These findings provided theoretical basis for further improvement of salt tolerance in common bean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the effects of different host plants on the fitness and performance of the Yellow Peach Moth, C onogethes punctiferalis ( Guenée, 1854), experiments were carried out to test the developmental duration and reproduction of C o. punctiferalis by feeding larvae with chestnut C astanea mollissima, maize Z ea mays, plum P runus salicina, apple M alus pumila, pear P yrus sorotina and peach P runus persica. The results showed that there were significant differences in developmental duration and reproduction among C o. punctiferalis groups fed on different host plants. The longest larval duration was observed for groups fed on plum and apple (35.63 and 35.55 days, respectively). In contrast, the shortest was for larvae fed on maize and chestnut (21.61 and 21.77 days, respectively). Larval survival of C o. punctiferalis was lowest on plum (24.1%) and highest on maize (80.0%). Adult females developed from the larvae fed on chestnut and maize laid significantly more eggs (averagely 141.8 and 133.5 eggs per female, respectively) than those fed on the other four host plants. Analysis of life-table parameters indicated that C o. punctiferalis larvae fed on chestnut and maize had better performance than those larvae fed on plum, apple, pear and peach. These findings may aid our understanding of the population dynamics of C o. punctiferalis on different host plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salt stress is an important factor restricting crop growth. Thus, genes related to plant responses to high salinity at the sprout stage of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) should be identified and characterized. In this study, on the basis of the common bean germination index, 0.4% NaCl and day 5 of the incubation period were selected as the optimal salt concentration and sampling time, respectively. Salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plant materials suitable for the local region were selected as representative common bean materials with contrasting salt-related phenotypes. A total of 441 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by analyzing the generated RNA-seq data. The enriched Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways indicated the DEGs were associated with oxidoreductase activities and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities and the lignin content, which are related to oxidoreductase activities and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, were revealed to be significantly associated with common bean salt tolerance. The six DEGs with salt tolerance-related Arabidopsis thaliana homologs may be important candidate genes mediating the salt stress responses of common bean during the sprout stage. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2021.1954091. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) has the ability to generate three-dimensional images with a super-resolution by using incoherent sources. However, there are unwanted direct current term and twin image in interferograms, so it is of great significance to find a method to eliminate them. Phase-shifting technology is a most widely used technique for this task, but its three-step phase-shifting is not suitable for the instantaneous measurement of dynamic objects, and the quality of reconstructed image with the traditional two-step phase-shifting is lower. In this paper, we present a method of enhancing the resolution through using a two-step phase-shifting technology based on the discrete wavelet transform. After two-step phase-shifting, the resulting hologram is a superposition of multiple forms. The frequency of the resulting hologram is decomposed into different levels through using discrete wavelet transform, then the image is reconstructed after retrieving the low frequency band. Various experiments have verified the effectiveness of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of Maillard reaction in protein – polysaccharide coacervated microcapsules and its effects on microcapsule properties were investigated. Vitamin E microcapsules were prepared by soybean protein isolate – chitosan coacervation at 50 °C, 70 °C, or 90 °C for 12 h in the presence of maltose. Chromatic and furosine measurements revealed that Maillard reaction occurred in the microcapsules and was favored by high incubation temperatures. The three coacervation temperatures did not destroy the microcapsule structure, but improved the microencapsulation efficiency and microencapsulation yield instead. The microcapsules exhibited decreased aggregation and the increased absolute zeta potential and particle size were believed contribute to this improvement. Stability analysis demonstrated that the microcapsules possessed enhanced resistance to dissolution in water and improved storage stability than control microcapsules. It is concluded that coacervation at a temperature high enough to initiate Maillard reaction is a promising way to improve the physiochemical properties of protein – polysaccharide coacervated microcapsules. • Heating at 50 °C and higher initiated Maillard reaction in coacervated capsules. • Maillard reaction reduced microcapsule aggregation and increased particle size. • Maillard reaction led to improved microencapsulation performance. • Maillard reaction conferred enhanced stability against dissolution in water. • Maillard reaction conferred enhanced storage stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Compared with Cd stress, combined stress of Cd and drought (Cd+D) significantly up-regulated the expression levels of Cd ion transport-related genes in the roots of adzuki bean seedlings, resulting in decreased Cd accumulation in plants. • Cd+D treatment slowed down the G1/S phase of root cells, however, promoted the G2/M phase of adzuki bean seedling roots. • Although Cd+D treatment increased the degree of DNA damage in the roots of adzuki bean seedlings, it increased the expression levels of DNA damage repair genes. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metal pollutants that seriously affects crop survival and human health. Drought is a common abiotic stress that affects crop production and yield. However, appropriate drought treatment can be used as a tillage measure to reduce the growth inhibition and toxic accumulation of Cd in plants. In this study, Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis L., cultivar Pearl red) seedlings were hydroponically grown to investigate the effects of Cd (2.5 mg·L-1 CdCl 2), drought (D, 5 % (W/V) PEG6000), and combined stress of Cd and drought (Cd+D) on the plant growth. Compared with the control group, Cd, D, and Cd+D stress significantly inhibited the growth of adzuki bean seedling plants, among which Cd+D stress had the highest degree of inhibition. Compared with Cd stress, Cd+D treatment significantly up-regulated the expression levels of Cd ion transport-related genes in adzuki bean seedling roots, resulting in a decrease in Cd accumulation. In addition, Cd+D treatment significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), but significantly decreased the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes, which led to a decrease in superoxide anion (O 2 -) content and an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) content in seedling roots. Compared with Cd stress, Cd+D treatment slowed down the G1/S phase of root cells; however, promoted the G2/M phase. Although Cd+D treatment up-regulated the expression levels of DNA damage repair genes in the roots of adzuki bean seedlings under Cd stress, but not significantly reduce the degree of DNA damage, which may due to the existence of a DNA damage tolerance mechanism. This may also be the main reason for the inhibition of the adzuki bean growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) showed its potential for three-dimensional images with super-resolution by using incoherent light sources. However, regular FINCH requires at least two times of holographic recording, and is not suitable for the instantaneous measurement of dynamic objects. Here, we propose the single-shot FINCH technology to realize real-time imaging. With three dual-lens patterns mixed regularly into a phase mask, the new system can capture a compound hologram, which contains three phase-shifted sub-holograms on different areas of image plane. We draw a comparison of both methods, and find it suitable for single-shot FINCH to realize holographic recording in real-time. A dice is used as a test object to record its dynamic rotational movement and holograms from different angles. We also clearly record the whole process of a drop of glue falling vertically under the force of gravity. Experimental results show the capability of single-shot FINCH system to record moving objects dynamically. This system provides a simple and flexible way to achieve real-time recording based on FINCH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]