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Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop a model that takes into account the unique free-volume effect of water. The free-volume percentage of water is less than that of most polymers. This is opposite to the free-volume behavior of most solvents with polymers. As a result, the free-volume term in the UNIFAC-FV model introduced by Oishi and Prausnitz fails for aqueous systems. In the new model a free-volume term derived from the generalized van der Waals partition function is added to the combinatorial and residual terms of UNIFAC. In UNIFAC the geometric parameters were generally obtained directly from the van der Waals values. For water, however, these parameters were regressed. With the new free-volume term better predictions were obtained when the standard van der Waals geometric parameters for water were used. The new model was compared with the UNIFAC-FV model of Oishi and Prausnitz and the Entropic-FV model of Elbro et al. The new model was found to give better predictions for the aqueous polymer systems as well as for the non-aqueous polymer systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The recently introduced UNIFAC–vdW–FV model has been extended to account for the molecular weight effect in water–PEO systems, one of the most important polymer systems. New groups have been defined and new interaction parameters have been regressed. The UNIFAC–vdW–FV model is able to predict the significant end-group effect in these low molecular weight water–PEO systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summarizes the 1993 study `The Relationship of Task and Ego Orientation to Performance-Cognitive Content, Affect, and Attributions in Bowling,' by M. Newton and J.L. Duda, which appeared in the `Journal of Sport Behavior.' Relationship between college students' achievement goal orientation and their cognitive and affective reactions while bowling; Comparison of task orientation and effect orientation.

Objectives The majority of research examining the relationship between the coach-created motivational and athlete motivation has relied on self-report measures. Grounded in Duda’s (2013) theoretically integrated model, the present study examined: (1) athletes', coaches' and observers' reports of the multidimensional motivational coaching environment in four European countries, (2) the interrelationships of these different perspectives of the motivational environment, and (3) links between the multidimensional environment and athletes' autonomous, controlled and amotivation. Design We employed a cross-sectional study design and utilized mixed methods to tap the variables of interest. Both descriptive and more sophisticated multi-level statistical analyses were employed to test our hypotheses. Methods Seventy-four grassroots soccer coaches and 882 youth athletes from England, France, Greece and Spain were recruited. Coaches were video-recorded during a training session and observers rated the degree to which the coaching climate was autonomy supportive, controlling, task-involving, ego-involving and relatedness supportive. Athletes and coaches completed questionnaires assessing their perceptions of the coach created climate in relation to the aforementioned dimensions of the environment. Athletes also completed measure of their sport-based motivation regulations. Results A profile of the motivational environment and athlete motivation was presented actoss four countries. There were weak associations found between different perspectives of the multidimensional coaching environment. However, athletes', coaches' and observers' reports of features of the motivational environment emerged as significant predictors of athletes' autonomous, controlled and amotivation. Conclusions Results provide partial support for findings of previous studies examining athlete motivation correlates of the motivational environment relying solely on self-report measures. Findings also point to the value of adopting a mixed-methodological approach and including athletes', coaches' and observers' reports of the environment when time and resources allow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]