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Technological advance has assured humanity's desire to increase its quality of life, anyway humanity is currently confronted with several global challenges, their complexity bases on their interconnectedness, and on fast changes in technological field. Present space activities are directed to explore the potential of diverse celestial bodies to have hosted life. In this context the Moon Village Association, MVA has as its main objective creating a global informal forum for governments, industry, academia for debating the Moon Village concept. MVA fosters cooperation for existing or planned global moon exploration programs by establishing the Global Expert Group on Sustainable Lunar Activities, GEGSLA. On a global level the United Nations Office for Outer Space Activities, UNOOSA, through its Committee, Policy, and Legal Affairs Section, CPLA provides main support to the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, UN-COPUOS. By the delegation of Romania, COPUOS has recently prepared a Proposal on a Consultative Mechanism on Lunar Activities, stating that lunar missions will for sure be carried out soon through efforts of space agencies and commercial stakeholders. In this context COPUOS is emphasizing the need to preserve the peaceful use of outer space by starting a new era of sustainable space exploration. This vision is urging global cooperation for shaping sustainable lunar activities, an Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation, ATLAC, being proposed by the first author of this contribution. Therefore, some technical and operational issues are debated, which could be faced by lunar operators, being brought into debates by ATLAC with the goal of ensuring sustainable lunar activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current space activities are especially directed to explore the potential of Mars to have hosted life as well as directed to find future exploration odds of Mars by human beings. In this context scientific advance and newest technology infrastructure, NEXT GEN TECH, is nowadays used and applied on Mars. Current NASA mission can be mentioned, which represents a newly planned exploration of Mars having the goal to succeed in providing scientific information with the support of several rovers. Sent rovers to Mars must support exploring the Red Planet with the goal of succeeding in its possible Terraforming. Several NASA's Mars Rovers, as Perseverance, Curiosity, Ingenuity will try to deeply explore surface and structure of the Red Planet. On the other side, planned Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment, MOXIE has as a final goal trying to create Oxygen on the Red Planet from its available atmosphere. Onboard NASA's Mars rover Curiosity is a Navigation Camera for taking images from Mars, and Ingenuity Mars Helicopter has as a mission to successfully complete several flights on Mars. All collected information will for sure support the intended process of Terraforming other planets, and shaping till 2050 first city of space, named Nuewa by establishing Asgardia, first Space Nation. Chances and challenges are pointed out, debating by this intended Next Gen Tech for trying to succeed in Terraforming other planets and creating first Space Nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the evolution of human society it is an undoubtful fact that technological advance has provided humanity request to raise its quality of life, registered trends anyhow pointing out that technical advances could bring not only desired impacts but also objectionable ones. For finding appropriate answers to recognized challenges the concept of sustainable development has been defined. By considering made progress in mobility field, the current vision is to succeed shaping human mobility not only on a global level, but also on a cosmic one. This seems to be possible by enlarging the idea of space technologies and making them available for so-called cosmic door openers. In this regard the mission of the coauthor of this paper can be mentioned, as being the only one Romanian cosmonaut, flying spacecraft into outer space. The crew consisting of Prunariu and Popov launched on May 14, 1981, aboard Soyuz 40 and docked with the space station Salyut 6, conducting experiments in the fields of biology, medicine, and physics. As a direct expected consequence of such remarkable events, humanity has begun to search for other suitable places on cosmic level for resettlements of human beings. Newer studies are concerned with Terraforming other planets for succeeding in shaping living conditions similar to those on the Earth. A main event in this regard is represented by the NASA’s Mars Exploration Program, whereby collected information will support the process of Terraforming other planets, its chances and challenges for assuring human sustainability being debated in this paper, as well as other curageous recent events will be emphasised. By a detailed inter- and transdisciplinary analysis of this holistic complex process and its sustainability, its containments will come up, following that maybe current sustainability understanding has to be updated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last time developments in technological field have happened in a pretty rapid tempo, humanity having actually over the years the conviction that these developments will have only positive desired effects. Without any doubt this progress has assured in the past the increase of humanity quality of life by using technologies for different specific human activities. Anyway 1972 after publishing the first report to the Club of Rome „The Limits to Growth" it was finally understood that besides wanted effects of these developments, undesired environmental and social impacts can appear. Such impacts have been registered especially in environmental field by increased pollution in several regions, see the debates regarding greenhouse effect, global warming, ozone layer thinning or acid rain. As the situation has become pretty complex, it was finally understood that there is a real need for new concepts enabling simultaneously handling interdisciplinary fields. In order to combat strong pollution problems on regional level, the vision of developing technologies for environmental protection has been debated and used in several parts of the world by simultaneously considering social and political aspects. In the process of carrying out sustainability assessment not only knowledge from environmental field is required, but also from physical, chemical, technological, medical, even from social, political and cultural fields. It follows that the process of carrying out such studies is representing a very interdisciplinary process. For making it possible by considering knowledge from different fields, notions concerning Systems Engineering are much needed. Operationalising sustainability is actually requiring the consideration of various criteria from different fields when designing new concepts for cities or regions. For concretely applying Sustainability there is a need for specific Multi-Criteria Process Analysis, which is best carried out by applying Systems Engineering. The decision regarding using one or another Sustainability Strategy on a regional or local level is representing then a result of a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerospace engineering is the engineering field concerned with aircraft and spacecraft development and operating. Thus it correspondingly has two major and actually overlapping sectors, as aeronautical and astronautic engineering. Aeronautical engineering was the original term for the field, but as flight technology advanced to include craft operating in outer space as well, this means the field of astronautics, the broader term of aerospace engineering has come since a while into common use. Aerospace engineering, particularly the astronautics branch, is implying the so-called rocket science. The scientific and technological developments in this field have without doubt made possible achieving main progress in the human mobility field not only on the Earth but making important steps forward in discovering the outer space. The SESAR 2020 approach of Single European Sky ATM Research Programme is mainly including research for improving Europe's Air Traffic Management, ATM [10]. On the other side using aerospace engineering for getting Sustainable Development means also setting up regional and global Emergency Programs in order to support disaster response operations through the provision of satellite data. In this regard the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) is implemented in order to support disaster management activities. Made experiences during the years in different human activity fields have proven that science and technology can achieve almost any desired result, surely operating within the reality governed by the laws of physics, if the needed financial means and competent people are available. The multitude of technological possibilities is currently very large and constantly growing larger. The role and challenges of aerospace engineering for getting global sustainability by mitigating risk will be debated and its possible contribution in this regard will be emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technological progress did assure in the past the desire of the humanity to increase the quality of life. The developments did however emphasize that beside wanted effects of technological progress, undesired effects can appear. In order to find solutions for this dilemma, global debates on scientific and political levels started some time ago. In the Brundtland Report 1987 the concept of sustainable development has been defined and accepted as a possible solution for the global complex problems. When considering the mobility field, the current vision is to develop mobility by respecting the concept of sustainable development, i.e. by shaping sustainable mobility. In this regard Technology Assessment has to be used, which tries to give an answer to the question regarding which are the technologies that we need, and how do these technologies integrate into environment and society? Specific evaluation criteria should be considered in sustainability decision-making processes also regarding Space Activities. Using Space Activities for getting Sustainable Development means also setting up regional and global Emergency Programs in order to support disaster response operations through the provision of satellite data. In this regard the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER), organized in accordance with the UN General Assembly resolution 61/110 of 14 December 2006, is implemented as an open network of providers of space-based solutions in order to support disaster management activities. With the vision of getting Sustainable Space Activities, the UN-SPIDER program should be implemented in the future, where systemic thinking is per-se required. The role and challenges of Space Activities will be debated for getting global sustainability and its possible contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of operationalising sustainable development some progress has been lately achieved in several countries on global level. Recently it seems to be an open dialog among scientists, economists, politicians, as well as city councils representatives about future local plans regarding a sustainable urban development. This concretely means to develop and apply local strategies by considering sustainability requirements. In this regard it is obvious that mindset changes and behaviour modifications, beside technological progress and environmental protection are more than necessary. For getting a sustainable urban development several fields have to be simultaneously considered. A possible solution for the challenges concerning sustainability the term of Decoupling has been emphasised, for its materialisation being a need of changes in the human behavior as well as mindset changes. In this regard the holistic education receives an important role, beside other inter-related aspects. Another newly discussed strategy is based on the usage of bio-energy and biotechnologies, in order to establish future sustainable energy strategies for sustainable urban development. By using these newer initiatives in a proper combination beside other strategies for the social side it would be possible to make important steps for assuring the urban sustainability. Nevertheless it has to be mentioned that in the last years some progress has been registered in Romania as well in the field of sustainable urban development, emphasizing some concrete strategies in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]