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• Two treatments of disease-resistant material avoided interference with growth and development-related genes. • Allantoin and jasmonic acid mediate the resistance response to powdery mildew in melon. • Ca2+ and WRKY transcription factors transmit resistance-related signals. Powdery mildew is a major fungal disease affecting melon production, and analyzing the molecular regulatory mechanism of resistance in melon is a prerequisite for melon molecular breeding of powdery mildew resistance. In this study, a resistant melon material was selected for inoculation and sterile water control treatments, and four time points, 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after treatment, were selected for transcriptome sequencing analysis. The content of disease resistance related hormones was also determined and WGCNA analysis was performed. The results showed that allantoin and jasmonic acid were related to the regulation of powdery mildew resistance in melon, and key genes responding to the disease resistance response were found. In this study, we found that powdery mildew infested melon leaves induced a rise in the content of allantoin, which in turn induced a rise in the content of jasmonic acid and induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and thus resistance through the signaling of Ca2+ and WRKY transcription factors. This study initially explored the molecular regulatory mechanism of powdery mildew resistance in melon and provided a theoretical basis for molecular breeding of powdery mildew resistance in melon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Casing treatment has been used to enhance the stability of axial-flow compressor by extending the stall margin; it also induces strong interaction with compressor blades, as demonstrated in the open literature. Revealing the mechanism of this interaction is a key to fully exploit the potential of the stability-enhancing capability of casing treatment without efficiency penalty. For this purpose, an integrated optimization design of rotor and axial slot casing treatment is implemented for a low-speed axial-flow compressor, and the stall margin is increased by 10.89% without penalty on the peak efficiency. Through detailed analysis, two important driving factors for the improvement of stall margin are illustrated: the suction effect that decreases the axial momentum of tip leakage flow, and the injection effect that increases the axial momentum of main flow. Meanwhile, it is found that the combination of forward-deflection axial slot casing treatment and forward-sweep rotor can maximize the enhancement of the momentum exchange, thereby adequately reducing the blockage region induced by tip leakage flow. More specially, the stator is then redesigned based on the matching mechanism between the stator and rotor with axial slot casing treatment in a stage. This redesign can considerably reduce entropy generation and flow separation in the passage and achieve an improvement of 0.87% in efficiency. The results hence demonstrate the superiority of integrated design of axial slot casing treatment and blades in improving both stall margin and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kidney injury from high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is common, yet few studies have explored effective treatments. This research assessed the renal benefits of therapeutic erythrocytapheresis (TE) in HAPC patients, analyzing the efficacy of single versus multiple treatments. From 2017 to 2023, 631 patients undergoing TE were included. Findings showed notable improvements in hemoglobin levels (median: 228.00 vs. 169.00 g/L, p < 0.001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (median: 100.24 vs. 105.92 ml/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001), and uric acid levels (median 495.00 vs. 405.00 µmol/L, p < 0.001). The rate of patients with negative urine protein tests rose from 54.58 to 92.83%. Analysis indicated that a lower pre-treatment eGFR was associated with significant renal improvement post-treatment (OR 0.959, 95% CI 0.945–0.972, p < 0.001), even when adjusting for hemoglobin and other factors (OR 0.962, 95% CI 0.947–0.977, p < 0.001). After propensity score matching, 168 patients were categorized based on the number of treatments. Compared to single treatment, multiple treatments resulted in significantly lower hemoglobin levels post-treatment (median: 177.00 vs. 165.00 g/L, p < 0.001). TE proves to be a beneficial treatment for HAPC, improving hemoglobin and renal function. Multiple treatments may be preferable for maintaining stable hemoglobin levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedicel length is a crucial agronomic trait of cucumbers. Fruit deformation can occur When the pedicel is too long or too short. Moreover, an appropriate pedicel length is advantageous for mechanized harvesting. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying cucumber pedicel length. In the current study, we obtained a short pedicel mutant through EMS mutagenesis and discovered that the reduced cell number was the primary cause of the shortened pedicel. Upon analyzing the hormone content, we found that the level of trans zeatin in the long-pedicel material was significantly higher than that in the short-pedicel material. Further transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in cytokinin synthesis-related pathways. Based on these results, the present study concluded that cucumber pedicel length is regulated by genes related to the cytokinin synthesis pathway and that differences in length result from differences in zeatin content and cell number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedicel length is a crucial agronomic trait of cucumbers. Fruit deformation can occur When the pedicel is too long or too short. Moreover, an appropriate pedicel length is advantageous for mechanized harvesting. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying cucumber pedicel length. In the current study, we obtained a short pedicel mutant through EMS mutagenesis and discovered that the reduced cell number was the primary cause of the shortened pedicel. Upon analyzing the hormone content, we found that the level of trans zeatin in the long-pedicel material was significantly higher than that in the short-pedicel material. Further transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in cytokinin synthesis-related pathways. Based on these results, the present study concluded that cucumber pedicel length is regulated by genes related to the cytokinin synthesis pathway and that differences in length result from differences in zeatin content and cell number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influences of axial-slot casing treatment (ASCT) on the performance and unsteady tip region flow are experimentally and numerically investigated in a highly-loaded mixed-flow compressor. The total pressure ratio, stall margin, and efficiency of the compressor are improved with ASCT. Static wall pressure was measured using unsteady pressure taps installed on the casing to identify the stall inception and resolve the tip region flow. The compressor stalls through spike-stall inception with the spillage of tip leakage flow (TLF). FFT analysis of dynamic pressure data shows that unsteady tip clearance flow (TCF) characterized by a frequency band of 0.4-0.6 blade passing frequency exists for both cases with and without ASCT. The addition of ASCT alleviates fluctuating amplitude of TCF in the blade passage but enhances oscillating strength of the main flow located upstream of blade leading-edge. Time-averaged solutions of unsteady simulations indicate that ASCT suppresses the spillage of TLF through suction and injection effects. However, flow separation located downstream of slots is enlarged by ASCT, which is attributed to the increased blade tip load. To reveal the underlying mechanisms, the tip flow field was further studied at various time instants. The fluids with high enthalpy are injected from slots and then divided into two parts by the rotor blade. One part of the fluids attaches on blade pressure side causing the local high static pressure spot, which leads to the increment of pressure loading at blade tip. The other part interacts with TLF periodically, thus pushing it into passage and delaying rotating stall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]