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Highlights • The in vitro activity of temocillin against ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from cytobacteriological examinations of urine was determined using the disk diffusion method. • MICs of resistant strains by disk diffusion method were measured by E-test. • Susceptibility was 71.3% among the 157 ESBL-producing E. coli strains tested. • 42% of tested strains had a diameter close to the current French breakpoints. • Contaminating colonies using disk diffusion method were described. • We observed a correlation between temocillin susceptibility and other antibiotic categorizations. Abstract Objectives Temocillin was introduced in 2015 in the French guidelines for the treatment of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae urinary tract infections. Little susceptibility data is available. We investigated the in vitro activity of temocillin against ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from samples of cytobacteriological examinations of urine. Material and methods Susceptibility testing was performed on 157 ESBL-producing E. coli and 95 ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains using the disk diffusion method. MICs of resistant strains were measured with the Etest method. Results Using current breakpoints, 71.3% of E. coli strains and 77.9% of K. pneumoniae strains were classified as susceptible. However, diameter and MIC breakpoints vary by country, and we reported discordance of clinical categorization between diameters and MIC determination for some strains. The measure of diameters was also sometimes difficult because of contaminating colonies within the inhibition zone. Conclusion We highlighted difficulties related to the determination of temocillin susceptibility, such as culture of resistant colonies in the inhibition zone and discordance of clinical categorizations obtained with the disk diffusion method or the Etest method. Overall, 42% of tested Enterobacteriaceae had a diameter or MIC close to the current breakpoints; thus, it is necessary to determine the MIC for these strains before considering the clinical use of this molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A quick detection of urinary antigen helps in obtaining a documented result in case of Streptococcus pneumoniae CAP. Methods We compared the BinaxNOW ® S. pneumoniae test with the new urinary antigen Sofia ® S. pneumoniae FIA. We examined 133 urine samples. Results Of the 133 included and tested non-concentrated urine samples, BinaxNOW ® and Sofia ® tests yielded 122 and 113 negative results and 11 and 20 positive results, respectively. The overall agreement between the tests was good. Conclusion This new test enabled the diagnosis of seven additional cases (7/133 = 5.2%). The improved detection with Sofia ® may be due to the immunofluorescence method used by this new test as compared with the colorimetric method used by BinaxNOW ® . Sofia ® also offers the advantage of being connected to the laboratory information system (LIS) allowing an automated traceability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Pivmecillinam is a safe beta-lactam for use in pregnancy. It has been widely used for the treatment of lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the Nordic countries where its efficacy, minor impact on the microbiota, and low level of resistance among the Escherichia coli strains have been proven. However, susceptibility data related to E . coli involved in asymptomatic bacteriuria and lower UTIs in pregnant women is lacking. We aimed to support the 2015 recommendations issued by the French Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF) on gestational UTI, with a particular focus on pivmecillinam. Material and methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by 12 hospitals with a maternity department on 235 E . coli strains isolated from the urine of pregnant women. Susceptibility to mecillinam was tested by disk diffusion method using the 2015 recommendations of the antibiogram committee of the French microbiology society (CA-SFM). Results Global susceptibility to mecillinam was 86.4%. Susceptibility to mecillinam was 96.5% for strains susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 38.7% for resistant strains. All six extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E . coli strains were susceptible to mecillinam. Conclusion Given the efficacy and safety of pivmecillinam during pregnancy, it may be used for the documented treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria and acute cystitis in pregnant women. It also represents an alternative for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mediastinitis is a well-known complication of open-heart surgery. Strictly anaerobic bacteria are rarely found in this condition, unlike in descending mediastinitis. We report the case of a mediastinitis due to Prevotella buccae after surgical replacement of the aortic valve and triple coronary artery bypass in an immunocompetent 76 year-old man. The bacteria were found in pure culture on blood samples and surgical samples. This case emphasizes the need to perform anaerobic cultures in case of sternal wound infection after open-heart surgery. • Post-operative mediastinitis is a classic complication of open-heart surgery. • Implication of anaerobic bacteria in postcardiac surgery mediastinitis is uncommon. • This is the 1st description of monomicrobial P.buccae poststernotomy mediastinitis. • In post-cardiac surgery medistinitis, anaerobic etiology should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]