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Population growth and greater global interconnection require a profound transformation in how we produce, consume, and manage natural resources. In this sense, the circular transition of the agricultural and livestock sectors is vital to guarantee adequate production without compromising the availability of resources for future generations. In this work, we analyze the level of circular development of the primary sector in Spain using a sample of the 84 largest companies. We utilize the biplot analysis, multivariate graphic models that represent the joint distribution of four scores (constructed with sixteen ecological initiatives), and three financial and geographic variables. These techniques allow for visualization of the status and the relationships between all of them. We evidence an important degree of progress in initiatives associated with the use of non-polluting energy, eco-design, eco-innovation, management, and care of ecosystems. We also observe that the current transition towards a circular primary sector is strongly associated with firms' capital investments and long-term innovations. On the other hand, the actions aimed at protecting water resources are in an intermediate state of progress, being necessary to invest in additional friendly water initiatives. In this vein, it is advisable to promote public policies focused on promoting the ecological transition of this sector and the research that advances efficient water management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fight against climate change and the energy transition requires significant business transformations and changes. In this sense, the information that companies report on their energy strategy is essential to understand and value business interest and efforts to contribute to the protection of ecosystems and human life on the planet. In this regard, the aim of this article is to analyse the role that women directors are playing in business transparency in energy matters and whether their role is determined by the level of gender parity that characterizes the countries of origin of the companies analysed. The academic and practical interest in these relationships is based on various theoretical frameworks that indicate gender equality is closely associated with greater concern for systems and elements in situations of real vulnerability, generating organizational changes aligned with these concerns. For a sample of 8757 companies based in 65 countries, we observed that gender parity at the country level positively affects the information that companies report regarding their energy transition strategy towards more responsible models that help mitigate climate change. We also identified a mediating effect of board gender diversity on this relationship. The findings are robust to changes in methodological specifications. This evidence confirms the existence of a direct and indirect impact of equal development between women and men in a society on the energy transition and business inclusivity. Additionally, although these relationships are observed for the entire period analysed (2016–2022), the effect of the disruptive phenomena that occurred between 2020 and 2022 favours both business transformations and inclusivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]