Search

The need to increase the level of municipal solid waste (MSW) utilization, combined with an increased focus on low-carbon energy, leads to an increase in interest in technologies for producing hydrogen from MSW, not only at the industrial level, but also at the state level. The availability of free space and excess generation capacity makes thermal power plants (TPPs) the most suitable objects for introducing such installations. The aim of the study is to analyze the potential and prospects for converting MSW to hydrogen based on TPPs using the example of the Ural Federal District. During the study, an assessment was carried out of the potential volume of hydrogen production and use of MSW, the parameters of a thermal power plant were calculated that could serve as a basis for introducing an MSW hydrogen installation. The expected change in technical and economic indicators of a thermal plant was analyzed, and recommendations were made on the choice of a site. Thus, under the conditions of the Ural Federal District, total hydrogen production can range from 11 to 31 tons per hour. At the same time, production of hydrogen will require water vapor ranging from 63 to 137 tons per hour and cooling water ranging from 32 to 7233 tons per hour. And it will lead to a decrease in electric power from 58 MW to 125 MW (while maintaining the load on steam-generating equipment constant), an increase in conventional fuel consumption from 6 tons per hour to 12 tons (with an increase in load on the steam generator), and an increase of 18 MW thermal capacity of thermal plants to 84 MW when disposing of waste heat generated by the MSW (hydrogen) installation. The expected margin profit change will vary from −32 thousand rubles per hour with a decrease in turbine power and utilization of hydrogen waste heat, or from +29 to −21 thousand rubles with an increase in steam generation unit fuel consumption and use of hydrogen production waste heat. (provided to the authors on 27.08.2024 for printing in IJHE from the archive of Fermaltech Montenegro Limited, made by A.L. Gusev using Designer. On the DALL E 3 platform.). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As more renewable energy generators and adjustable loads such as electric vehicles are being connected to the power grids, load modelling of the distribution network becomes more complicated. Therefore, this paper explores a dynamic equivalent modelling method for active distribution network that takes into account electric vehicle charging. First of all the combination of integrated ZIP loads and motors is adopted as an equivalent model for active distribution networks. Subsequently, a four‐layer, tri‐stage deep reinforcement learning approach is used to solve the relevant key parameters of the proposed equivalent model. The method proposed in this paper fully utilizes the superiority of reinforcement learning in decision making, while the method combines the excellent feature extraction capability of deep learning. The method utilizes measurements obtained at boundary nodes to obtain an active distributed network equivalent model after a series of calculations. At the same time, adjustable loads are identified in detail. On the other hand, this method introduces a prioritized empirical playback mechanism, log‐cosh loss function, and adaptive operator to improve the computational efficiency of the method. From the simulation results, the present method is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs a sophisticated bi‐level optimization methodology to model the most efficient operation of microgrids (MGs) within the operational framework of distribution companies (DCs). In this bi‐level optimization problem, the upper level strives to maximize the profits of both MGs owners and DCs, while the lower level is dedicated to ensuring load balance, managing distributed generation, and implementing load curtailment strategies. The coordination of power transmission is facilitated by the DCs. At the upper level of decision‐making, the optimal pricing strategies for power transactions are determined, accounting for various factors such as market prices, demand response programs, and uncertainties in wind speed. Through the utilization of a bi‐level optimization framework, this study comprehensively captures the complex interactions between MGs and DCs, taking into consideration the objectives and constraints of both entities. This approach offers a more precise representation of the decision‐making process in retail electricity markets, thereby providing valuable insights into the optimal operation of MGs within the DCs setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Without a well-defined energy management plan, achieving meaningful improvements in human lifestyle becomes challenging. Adequate energy resources are essential for development, but they are both limited and costly. In the literature, several solutions have been proposed for energy management but they either minimize energy consumption or improve the occupant's comfort index. The energy management problem is a multi-objective problem where the user wants to reduce energy consumption while keeping the occupant's comfort index intact. To address the multi-objective problem this paper proposed an energy control system for a green environment called PMC (Power Management and Control). The system is based on hybrid energy optimization, energy prediction, and multi-preprocessing. The combination of GA (Genetic Algorithm) and PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) is performed to make a fusion methodology to improve the occupant comfort index (OCI) and decrease energy utilization. The proposed framework gives a better OCI when compared with its counterparts, the Ant Bee Colony Knowledge Base framework (ABCKB), GA-based prediction framework (GAP), Hybrid Prediction with Single Optimization framework (SOHP), and PSO-based power consumption framework. Compared with the existing AEO framework, the PMC gives practically the same OCI but consumes less energy. The PMC framework additionally accomplished the ideal OCI (i-e 1) when compared with the existing model, FA–GA (i-e 0.98). The PMC model consumed less energy as compared to existing models such as the ABCKB, GAP, PSO, and AEO. The PMC model consumed a little bit more energy than the SOHP but provided a better OCI. The comparative outcomes show the capability of the PMC framework to reduce energy utilization and improve the OCI. Unlike other existing methodologies except for the AEO framework, the PMC technique is additionally confirmed through a simulation by controlling the indoor environment using actuators, such as fan, light, AC, and boiler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining stability in modern power systems is challenging due to complex structures, rising power demand, and load disturbances. The integration of renewable energy sources further threatens stability by causing imbalances between generation and demand. Conventional load frequency stabilization methods fall short in such scenarios. This paper proposes an optimal fractional‐order proportional‐integral‐derivative‐acceleration (FOPIDA) controller, enhanced by a robust adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), to improve load frequency control and reliability in power systems with wind and solar generators. First, the dynamical model of a multi‐area interconnected power system, including a thermal power plant, wind turbine, and solar photovoltaic generators, is developed. A decentralized ANFIS‐FOPIDA controller is then designed for load frequency control objectives. The gains of this controller are optimized using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), focusing on frequency deviation and tie‐line power exchange. Simulations on a New England IEEE 10‐generator 39‐bus power system demonstrate the approach's effectiveness under various disturbances, including random load‐generation disturbances and nonlinear generation behaviors. Comparisons with other strategies, such as fractional order (FO) beetle swarm optimization algorithm (FOBSOA)‐FOPIDA, WOA‐PIDA, and WOA‐ANFIS‐PIDA, and recent control approaches highlight the superior performance of the WOA‐ANFIS‐FOPIDA method in enhancing power system stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decarbonization of the power generation and transport sector encourage the analysis of connection of distributed energy resources (DER), such as electric vehicles (EVs), to the electrical system, as well as the evaluation of their impact on smart cities. A better understanding of the negative impacts on the power systems will lead to propose mitigation measures and eventually revolutionize the way distributed generation works. This paper aims at modelling and evaluating the impact of EVs on a real distribution network. The energy system chosen operates at 60 Hz, 34.5 kV (medium voltage) and 0.208 kV (low voltage) and it is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC. To reproduce realistic user consumption profiles, dynamic load profiles based on EV owners behaviour have been simulated. The vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) technology is modelled to mitigate the impacts of high penetration of EVs by supporting the network from undervoltage. The results show the importance of active management in modern power systems, especially considering the increase in DER penetration expected for the coming years. This work shows the benefits of implementing V2G technology while highlighting the challenges involved in a real case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to agriculture, Brazil stands out as one of the main meat exporters. In beef production, the waste from the slaughter of a 400-kg bovine produces about 26 kg of waste. In pig farming, the waste generated in the slaughter of a 90-kg pig corresponds to 2.7 kg. Both residues are potential substrates for the production of bioenergy through anaerobic digestion and co-digestion. Likewise, the biogas plants in operation in the country annually generate 1.83 BNm3 of biogas, and the sector is expanding since the national production capacity is 42.7 Bm3/year. This biogas generated through the biological process is an energy source that stands out due to the growing demand for technologies that offer clean energy. Renewable energy sources can ensure greater diversity in the world's energy matrix, in addition to reducing greenhouse gases emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Therefore, this review addresses the fundamentals of anaerobic digestion and co-digestion, the environmental impacts of biogas and biomethane, and Brazil's energy potential for biogas production. In addition, we discussed the biogas purification technologies, the applications of biomethane, and the current scenario and perspectives of Brazilian biogas involving government initiative policies, technical regulation, international panorama, and economic, environmental, and legislative aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

indicators of energy efficiency, which determine the rating of Ukraine among other countries of the world, have been analyzed. It is emphasized that the introduction of martial law in Ukraine and the full-scale war significantly affected the energy efficiency of Ukraine’s economy due to the destruction of many energy infrastructure facilities. Attention is focused on the need to organize a systematic and standardized increase in the efficiency of the use of energy resources in domestic production systems. Based on the use of statistical information of the World Economic Forum, the indicators of energy saving efficiency of the countries of the world and their rating have been given. The foreign experience of using modern smart technologies and the main tools for ensuring energy efficiency of the economy have been studied. The authors stress that energy efficiency contributes to the reduction of energy consumption. The growing world population and rapid economic growth lead to increased energy consumption. However, many countries face challenges related to limited resources and growing energy dependence. Energy efficiency can help reduce dependence on energy imports and provide a more sustainable and efficient economy. The expediency of implementing modern technologies and tools of ensuring energy efficiency as a factor in the future revival and development of the economy of Ukraine has been proven. It has been substantiated that in modern conditions, Ukraine needs to change the policy of energy consumption and energy supply as soon as possible, maximizing the consumption of fuel and energy resources, which the country is rich in (coal, nuclear fuel, renewable sources), and accordingly reducing the consumption and import of natural gas - the most expensive and scarce resource. It is noted that in order to ensure the energy efficiency of residential construction, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with the uncertainty of wind and photovoltaic power output and load fluctuation caused by the increase of new energy penetration in active distribution network, the demand for operational flexibility and the construction demand for flexible resources of distribution network are gradually increasing. The flexible operation of active distribution network can be realized by coordinated planning of the soft open point integrated with energy storage system (ESOP) and flexible resources. Firstly, the flexibility resource adjustability evaluation and margin indicators are proposed for the response model of typical flexibility resources. Secondly, a two‐stage distributionally robust coordinated planning model considering the coordination planning scheme of distributed generation, flexibility resource, and ESOP as well as the comprehensive norm uncertainty of wind power and photovoltaic outputs multi‐operation scenarios is established with the distribution network construction cost, annual operation cost, and annual power sales revenue as the objective functions meanwhile the investment and flexibility resource operation as constraints. Finally, the column constraint generation algorithm is used to solve the problem, and the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by the modified IEEE33 node system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an Accounting and Valuation (AV) method within the scope of Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) to analyze social impacts when implementing new energy resources. The method is based on a critical analysis from existing assessments regarding the IRP and its design is based on algorithms that convert qualitative information of social attributes into absolute values. These values feed the subsequent stages of the IRP to select the best energy resource (among available options) to be implemented. The method has been applied and tested as a pilot case in a rural region in Peru. This work provides extremely valuable information for decision-makers to assess, with real and quantitative data, investment decisions regarding energy planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National-level studies present the development techniques and challenges of sustaining energy-rich economies, particularly those in the developing world. However, examples of the application and interpolation of these broad-scale analyses to the regional level are scarce. Conversely, methods used at national levels are often infeasible when using higher-resolution regional or local data. Ultimately, progress in developing, managing, and advancing regional wealth databases and models is significantly missing from the literature. Herein, proposed pathways and general development frameworks are presented based on the presumptive constancy of total capital stock. Processes are outlined for acquiring information (data) and developing models to serve as a basis for qualitative and quantitative analyses of sustainable development policymaking decisions. We present a discussion around the sustainable wealth of energy-rich regions, and we suggest potential workflow methods for developing regional wealth knowledge bases and regional wealth models (RWMs). Structural scaffolding opportunities are presented for the validation of RWMs using pilot studies, followed by the process of disseminating modeling outcomes. Finally, we offer recommendations and needed innovations to advance the development of RWMs. The objectives of this article are not to provide a comprehensive literature review or consider all potential perspectives but rather to identify tools and necessary enhancements to established methods for assessing and modeling regional wealth and provide an inroad for readers wishing to learn more. The increased awareness generated through this article will mobilize assistance and generate new information that will strengthen this emergent area of research to intensify regional wealth sustainability for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural gas hydrate (NGH) is an important future resource for the 21st century and a strategic resource with potential for commercial development in the third energy transition. It is of great significance to accurately predict the productivity of hydrate‐bearing sediments (HBS). The multi‐phase seepage parameters of HBS include permeability, porosity, which is closely related to permeability, and hydrate saturation, which has a direct impact on hydrate content. Existing research has shown that these multi‐phase seepage parameters have a great impact on HBS productivity. Permeability directly affects the transmission of pressure‐drop and discharge of methane gas, porosity and initial hydrate saturation affect the amount of hydrate decomposition and transmission process of pressure‐drop, and also indirectly affect temperature variation of the reservoir. Considering the spatial heterogeneity of multi‐phase seepage parameters, a depressurization production model with layered heterogeneity is established based on the clayey silt hydrate reservoir at W11 station in the Shenhu Sea area of the South China Sea. Tough + Hydrate software was used to calculate the production model; the process of gas production and seepage parameter evolution under different multi‐phase seepage conditions were obtained. A sensitivity analysis of the parameters affecting the reservoir productivity was conducted so that: (a) a HBS model with layered heterogeneity can better describe the transmission process of pressure and thermal compensation mechanism of hydrate reservoir; (b) considering the multi‐phase seepage parameter heterogeneity, the influence degrees of the parameters on HBS productivity were permeability, porosity and initial hydrate saturation, in order from large to small, and the influence of permeability was significantly greater than that of other parameters; (c) the production potential of the clayey silt reservoir should not only be determined by hydrate content or seepage capacity, but also by the comprehensive effect of the two; and (d) time scales need to be considered when studying the effects of changes in multi‐phase seepage parameters on HBS productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity generation in Taiwan is mainly from thermal, nuclear, and renewable sources. With nearly four decades of monthly data (from January 1982 to January 2022) used in analytics, the forecasting results reveal the patterns of electricity generation in Taiwan. Exponential smoothing and Holt–Winters seasonal models are used for time‐series forecasting, and scenario analysis is applied to simulate possible paths for nuclear phase‐out in Taiwan by 2025. Taking the fact of Taiwan's lack of energy independence into account, transition for nuclear phase‐out may require a substantial leap to meet the demand. The feasibility of electricity generation using current thermal power capacity and renewable energy remain challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the prospects for Azerbaijan's participation in the diversification of energy supplies to the European market, in the conditions of the energy crisis due to the difficult geopolitical situation in the world. Possible ways to reduce the serious risks of failures in the supply of energy resources while ensuring the energy security of the countries of the European continent are given. The negative impact of the crisis that has arisen in the energy market on the global energy supply chain to the EU countries and on the state of the world economy is analyzed. Steps taken by the EU to radically increase supply via traditional EU import routes as well as completely new sources of energy are examined. Various measures implemented by European countries to ensure their own energy security, including the diversification of the supply of energy resources used to generate energy, including through non-renewable mineral substances, renewable organic resources and a number of natural processes, are considered. The ongoing measures in connection with the energy crisis have been considered in order to reduce the negative consequences for the economies of the EU countries. The high potential of Azerbaijan is noted as a country rich in energy resources, and having all the necessary opportunities to influence the state of the gas market in Europe and diversify energy resources in the EU countries by expanding the export of Azerbaijani gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a geographical analysis of wind meteorology indicators and land topography was conducted to determine the most suitable wind farm locations in Azerbaijan. Long-term wind meteorological gauge data, satellite data, and advanced meteorological modelling were used to characterize wind energy potential nationwide. This data includes measurements of wind speed, direction, and turbulence collected over an extended period. Then, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools were used to evaluate the wind farms in terms of topography, ecology, and economy and to place edges around the restriction areas. The analysis results identified several areas with high wind energy potential, including the Caspian Sea coast, Absheron-Khizi, and the East Zangezur economic rayon. This analysis reveals the profound impact of terrain on wind flow dynamics and highlights the importance of considering local topography in site selection. Areas with consistent and strong winds, often associated with mountain passes and coastal areas, are identified as prime areas for wind energy development. The study also evaluates the proximity of these promising locations to the existing power grid. It is aimed at ensuring efficient energy transmission by evaluating the cost-effectiveness of connecting potential wind power plant sites to the grid. This grid integration assessment guides decisions regarding selected locations' feasibility and economic viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze the relationship between monthly energy consumption and age of users of Barrio San Agustin in Machachi Canton in the province of Pichincha in the EEQ by its Spanish acronym, Empresa Electrica de Quito, before and after the curfew measures issued by the national COE (by its Spanish acronym) in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic. It is carried out taking into account a stratum distributed by the level of energy consumption, conducting age surveys of users in the area, determining its variation in relation to the years 2018, 2019 2020 and 2021, applying the curvilinear regression method to estimate the average monthly demand in relation to the average age of users, and as a result thereof, the group that reaches the peaks of power consumption in the period from March to November 2020, corresponds to an average age ranging from 27 to 33 years old and the average age groups that present the lowest average consumption are those ranging from 20 to 25 and from 40 to 45 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inconsistency of arguments regarding the value of diversification strategies means that there is a lack of a unified methodological approach and a method for evaluating the impact on efficiency and competitive ability of companies. Research shows that diversification was crucially important for oil and gas companies during the economic shocks of 1998, 2009, and 2015. Nowadays, oil and gas companies apply the strategy of green diversification to solve climate change problems and adapt to energy transition trends. The goals of 14 global oil and gas companies with regard to carbon neutrality were analyzed in this study. This research expands the theoretical studies of diversification processes and outcomes in the oil and gas industry and contributes to the discussion of the feasibility of companies implementing renewable energy projects. The factors that prompt oil and gas companies to adopt green diversification were formulated, and their key strategic priorities were determined depending on the volume of proven resources. The research suggests that global shocks in the international energy market and a reduction in the significance of oil and gas resources in the overall power balance stimulate companies to diversify their asset portfolios, but such strategy does not protect against negative impacts. In addition, important issues were identified for further analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) method is frequently used as a risk reduction tool in hydrocarbon exploration. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive historical review of the CSEM method's twenty-year history in the Brazilian continental margin. Since 2003, we have significantly improved our understanding of CSEM resistivity data across various geological scenarios. This review presents a roadmap of the technical advancements in acquisition design and interpretation techniques. As a result, our understanding of the methodology has broadened from traditional to more general use, such as salt imaging, gas hydrates, geohazard mapping, and reservoir characterization. Finally, we indicate the potential upcoming CSEM applications in new energy resources and carbon capture and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seas and oceans offer great potential as a widely available source of clean and renewable energy near high energy consumption centers. This source of energy is a valuable option in the energy transition and in energy matrix decarbonization. Wave energy and an oscillating water column (OWC) device stand out as the types of ocean energy with the most potential. An onshore OWC requires locations with rocky outcrops and steeper slopes as the device needs to be physically installed and has lower energy dissipation due to friction with the seabed. However, Brazil has approximately 7490 km of coastlines, with various shoreline geometries and geomorphologies, some of which are very suitable for OWC implementation. Some authors have estimated that the Brazilian coast has a total potential of 114 GW, distributed between wave and tidal energy, with a great possibility of contributing to global decarbonization efforts. This study aimed to identify and quantify the potential of locations suitable for implementing wave energy farms equipped with onshore OWC. For this, a prospect was carried out using the georeferencing software QGIS, resulting in a georeferenced map with a dataset of 319 locations, and determining a power capacity of exploitation of 9.84 GW and an estimated energy of 83,689 GWh/year in ten of the seventeen coastal states. This energy corresponds to twice the energy consumption of the state of Rio de Janeiro, which has a population of approximately 17.5 million people. If the same amount of wave energy as gas-fired thermal generation energy were to be consumed, the use of wave energy would reduce emissions by approximately 44.52 million tons of CO2 annually. This result suggests that wave energy generation should be included in future studies on the expansion of Brazilian electric systems as an accelerating factor in the energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas hydrates are promising components for a wide range of industries and the national economy. This paper outlines the gas hydrate application areas with the greatest potential. Gas hydrates of methane, ethane, propane, carbon dioxide and freon were investigated. Double gas hydrates were found to be coming into use. Natural and artificial hydrates are now being exploited. The main properties and component composition of hydrates, as well as their extraction methods are described. The key aspects of using hydrates in the energy industry, gas chemistry and petrochemistry, heat exchange systems and fire safety management are highlighted. These specific aspects were identified by analyzing the known experimental findings, results of mathematical modeling, bench and field tests, as well as trial runs of industrial systems. The recent advances in science and technology in this field were analyzed. The range of tasks that need to be tackled to improve the efficiency of using gas hydrates are defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China and Russia have different interests in the Arctic but are forced to look for possible ways of cooperation in energy projects in the current external conditions. This changes the priorities of both countries and, accordingly, transforms the risks. Objectives of the research: to build an algorithm for identifying anthropogenic environmental risks in the context of two major players economic activities in the Arctic region: the Russian Federation and China. In the paper, we formulated an algorithm of environmental risk identification. We identified environmental hazards from the main parameter—the type of economic activity for the extraction of energy resources, premises, and factors for the occurrence of environmental hazards and compiled criteria for risk selection. Methods used: complex analysis (mixed method research): empirical and comparative methods, methods of expert assessments, the method of inductive statistics (inferential statistics) to compare the perception of risk at the level of different groups. Results: the algorithm has been formed for determining risks in the changed external conditions. Major anthropogenic environmental risks are identified from the perspective of the main players in the Arctic—Russia and China, which can help to make the necessary decisions on time and partially prevent environmental degradation. This makes it possible to identify the risks associated with conducting economic activities for the extraction of energy resources in the Arctic region. Therefore, this study contributes to a more accurate identification of anthropogenic environmental risks in the Arctic region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural gas, consisting primarily of methane (CH4), has become a major source of clean energy in modern society in many parts of the globe. Recent experimental observations and discoveries of deep‐sourced abiotic CH4 in cold subduction zones indicate the important ability of cold subducted slabs to generate natural gas reservoirs. However, most CH4 flux and reservoirs remain unknown and their potential is overlooked in global carbon flux estimations. Massive abiotic CH4‐rich fluid inclusions (FIs) in garnet and omphacite from ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) eclogites have been found in the Western Tianshan (WT) UHP metamorphic belt, which provides one ideal case for quantification of abiotic CH4 stored in the cold subducted crust. By two methods, we assess the abiotic CH4 content stored in the Chinese WT HP–UHP metamorphic belt. Our calculations show that at least 113 Mt CH4 is stored in the WT eclogites. We also discuss the implications for CH4 reservoirs in subduction zones worldwide and speculate that the cold subduction zones may represent one of the largest, yet overlooked, sources of abiotic CH4 on Earth, which should not be ignored in the global natural resource and carbon flux estimations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising water, food, and energy demands pose significant resource risks and environmental threats. Despite the critical nature of this issue, there is a notable absence of empirical research linking the consumption of these resources to environmental degradation in Ghana. To fill this gap, this study investigates the short-term and long-term effects of water, food, and energy resource consumption on environmental degradation in Ghana, analyzing data from 1994 to 2020. Ghana's increasing environmental degradation accentuates the urgency of this research, its vulnerability to climate change, and the imperative to sustain human life and protect the environment. Utilizing the novel dynamic ARDL simulation method, this research offers new perspectives that diverge from previous findings. The study's findings demonstrate that water resource consumption positively impacts environmental degradation in the short and long term. However, food and energy resource consumption mitigates environmental degradation in the short and long term. Therefore, the study advocates adopting resource management strategies emphasizing efficiency and sustainability. It calls for policies that improve water efficiency, boost renewable energy uptake, and encourage sustainable farming practices. These measures are intended to lessen the negative impacts of resource exploitation and aid in environmental preservation efforts. • Ghana's resources consumption and environmental degradation nexus. • Water resource consumption increases environmental degradation. • Food and energy resources consumption reduce environmental degradation. • Environmental taxes are beneficial in reducing environmental degradation. • Natural capital escalates environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of natural moisture availability of the natural areas of the Turkestan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 1941-2020 (by providing a comparative analysis of indicators for 1941-1960 and 2001-2020) was conducted based on the use of the natural moisture coefficient and hydrothermal index or “dryness index” predicated on energy resources (total of biologically active air temperatures above 10 °С, photosynthetically active radiation, evaporating capacity and water consumption of agricultural land). The results of a comparative analysis of climatic indices changes in the natural areas of the Turkestan region for 1941 to 2020 have shown that there is an increase in average annual air temperatures in all natural areas, and the annual precipitation tends downward which affects the formation of energy resources and natural water supply. The identified features of changes in the natural moisture coefficient and hydrothermal index or “dryness index” in natural area of Turkestan region, make it possible to adjust the spread of its boundaries and consider these changes in the territorial organization of agricultural nature management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy is a key sector of the economy that greatly affects the welfare of the whole society and without it, economic prosperity cannot be achieved. Considered the fact that energy prices have an immediate impact on the economic stability and the inflation and thus they greatly affect the incomes of the population, they have always been a primordial concern for the governments all over the world. Secondary factors, not directly connected to the production and distribution costs, play a key role for the price formation in the energy sector because this sector has always been very dependent on external events such as geopolitics and market volatilities. The understanding of the secondary factors, which sometimes are even more important for the price formation than the production costs, is essential for every government and market player in the sector who want to be in control of the situation and not negatively affected by the energy fluctuations. Knowing well what may affect the energy prices means being familiar with the world geopolitics and with the basics of the financial market. But only through this knowledge and through the elaboration of effective countermeasures, the risks of extreme energy price volatility can be mitigated. As many energy experts point out, the world is entering a period of extreme energy instability and the historic graphics of the movements of energy prices prove this statement. The reasons behind this event are various– high demand, lower investments forthe production ofsome energy resources, higher geopolitical instability and last but not least the liberalization of the energy markets and their exposure to the risks of the financial markets. The present article offers an insight in some of the main non-production factors that can affect energy price formation and it also points on some of the main reasons that led to the current energy crisis of high prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of newly independent states in the Caucasus at the end of the Cold War presented challenges to Turkey while enlarging its role. The collapse of the Soviet Union removed the century-old Soviet/Russian threat, simultaneously creating a power vacuum on Turkey's borders. While Turkey had traditionally avoided involvement in regional politics, it has since been drawn into the volatile new politics of the region. In this environment, Turkey became an important actor in the region due to its strong historical ties, the attraction of its geographic position linking the region to Europe, and its economic, political, and security relationships with Azerbaijan and Georgia. Over the past thirty years, Turkey has become one of the prominent players in a region where its involvement has again increased recently after the Second Karabakh War. Although its re-engagement with Armenia is progressing slowly, and geopolitical changes and economic and political conditions in the region are unlikely to stabilize for some years, it is evident that Turkey will continue to create new networks of interdependency between Ankara and the regional capitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russian invasion of Ukraine is a powerful assertion of geopolitical power and conflict. But Russia's nationalist and expansionary drive takes place within the context of transnational economic ties. Such ties help define the nature of the war, and both the Russian and western response. The contradictory pressures of nationalist desires conflicting with transnational integration is an underappreciated complexity of the war that this article will explore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was carried out at the “El Jobo” farm in the municipality of Camajuaní, in the province of Villa Clara, with the objective of determining the energy efficiency of a common bean cultivar. To fulfill this objective, the energy equivalents of the inputs and outputs of the system were used. Direct (fuel) and indirect (pesticides, seeds, human and animal labor) energy sources were taken into account. The results showed that the cultivar ‘CUL-156’ was very energy efficient with a value of 4.64. The greatest amounts of energy consumed were contributed by chemical synthesis products (diesel and herbicides). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed generation (DG) is an important issue for distribution networks for power loss improvement. However, the location and size of generators remain a challenge for existing techniques. This work investigates the optimal placement of a distributed generator on a medium voltage radial feeder. Simulated annealing optimisation is used to find an optimal bus of connecting a distributed generator variable-spider. The optimisation technique is then applied to a power flow Matlab program that incorporates the Newton–Raphson method. DigSilent PowerFactory simulations software is used to validate the results that are obtained from the Matlab program. The results indicate that the optimal bus for a 14-bus radial feeder loaded at 5 MVA while using a 1.5 MW DG is bus 11. This is because connecting the distributed generator at bus 11 resulted in maximum loss reduction on the feeder. The Matlab tool proposed in this study can be used to find the optimal bus where a distributed generator can be connected to a medium voltage radial feeder, thereby improving power quality and fulfilling load demand with minimal size to make the system economical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attracting private investments to renewable energy projects is a topic of significant debate within academic circles. This study investigates the relationship between green fiscal policy and green monetary policy concerning investments in renewable energy in India, spanning from 1990 to 2021, employing the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) technique. The findings reveal that green taxes can positively or negatively impact investments in renewable energy sources. Furthermore, green monetary policy, mainly through the provision of green loans, accelerates investment inflows into renewable energy sources in the short and long terms. Challenges hindering private investment in India's renewable energy sector include compounded risk and inflation. Nonetheless, financial development and literacy rates are crucial in expanding investment in renewable energy sources. Based on these findings, practical policy recommendations for India entail enhancing sustainable literacy through green education, promoting social inclusivity, and establishing effective monetary and fiscal policies. • Green tax only has favorable impact on investment in green energy resources in long-term. • Green monetary policy (green loans) accelerates the investment flows in green energy resources. • Composite risk and inflation are major obstacles to promote private investment in green energy resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sustainability is converting natural to human and produced capital via discovery, extraction, appropriation, and reinvestment. • We estimate causal effects of energy resource conversion on Genuine Savings, the main metric of weak sustainable development. • Energy extraction and exports jointly lower Genuine Savings, except for countries with strong institutions. • Comparative advantage in the traded energy sector fosters sustainable development for selected countries. • Countries lacking a comparative advantage can convert energy resources sustainably by avoiding exports. Natural resource-rich countries face the challenge of harnessing their resources for sustainable economic development. Although existing literature extensively studies the resource curse phenomenon, gaps remain in understanding exactly how natural resource use impacts sustainable development. This study addresses this gap by analyzing how the natural resource conversion process affects sustainable economic development, using Genuine Savings as the key indicator. The natural resource conversion process encompasses four distinct stages—discovery, extraction, appropriation, and (re-)investments—that transform natural resources into human- and produced capital assets to achieve sustainable development, consistent with the weak sustainability paradigm. Employing a comprehensive dataset spanning 118 countries over 20 years, we use an instrumental variable approach to estimate the causal effects of four variables corresponding to the four stages of conversion: natural capital, natural resource rents, resource exports, and government resource revenues. Results show that energy rents (oil, gas, and coal) and exports jointly decrease Genuine Savings, except in countries with good institutions. Contrary to previous studies, we demonstrate that economies specializing heavily in energy exports successfully leverage their comparative advantage, increasing Genuine Savings. Other countries achieve sustainable development through energy extraction and domestic use of resources. We conclude that successful resource management for sustainable economic development aims to achieve two objectives. First, it seeks to reduce energy exports when at a comparative disadvantage or harness them when at a comparative advance. Second, it focuses on improving institutional quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze the relationship between monthly energy consumption and age of users of Barrio San Agustin in Machachi Canton in the province of Pichincha in the EEQ by its Spanish acronym, Empresa Electrica de Quito, before and after the curfew measures issued by the national COE (by its Spanish acronym) in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic. It is carried out taking into account a stratum distributed by the level of energy consumption, conducting age surveys of users in the area, determining its variation in relation to the years 2018, 2019 2020 and 2021, applying the curvilinear regression method to estimate the average monthly demand in relation to the average age of users, and as a result thereof, the group that reaches the peaks of power consumption in the period from March to November 2020, corresponds to an average age ranging from 27 to 33 years old and the average age groups that present the lowest average consumption are those ranging from 20 to 25 and from 40 to 45 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast frequency response (FFR) is an option in maintaining system security under low inertia conditions. Power electronics interfaced energy resources such as wind and photovoltaics have the capability to deliver FFR. At present, almost all installed power electronics interfaced energy resources are connected to the grid by the phase locked loop (PLL)-synchronized voltage source converter (VSC) and they usually implement inertial response by measuring the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). However, RoCoF measurements are highly susceptible to disturbances in the grid. In this paper, a novel inertia controller is developed for PLL-synchronized VSC interfaced energy resources to implement natural inertial response without measuring RoCoF. A thorough stability analysis is performed to study the impact of proposed inertia controller on the VSC in weak grid. The proposed inertia controller makes the deviation of DC voltage proportional to the deviation of system frequency. Further, a method of primary frequency control is proposed by measuring DC voltage rather than grid frequency. The proposed FFR scheme of inertia and primary frequency control is applied to a direct-drive windfarm connected to a grid, and its correctness and advantages are verified by simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel distributed energy resources (DER) allocation method focused on grid constraints that avoids topological bias is proposed for distribution networks. A technology-agnostic approach is used, where a non-bias allocation of export capacity (NAEC) not specific to generation type is calculated. Moreover, the proposed NAEC is extended from an export capacity into a hosting capacity (HC) using a statistical approach. The methods are tested using the IEEE 33-bus distribution system, and two typical Irish distribution feeders -one urban, one rural- as case studies. Using a high-resolution year-long quasi-static time series simulation (QSTS) and three different generation profiles, the proposed NAEC method is validated against current practices and state of the art allocation methods in terms of active balancing, security of supply, interactions between users, operational concerns, and fairness. Results show that an equivalent or higher level of DER penetration is achieved using the proposed methodology. There are no additional constraint violations using the NAEC methodology, moreover, time slots with violations are reduced, improving security of supply. Furthermore, results suggest that avoiding topological bias makes the network accessible for more users, and prioritises self-consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variety of possible solutions for the integration of heat pumps (HP) into the circuits of generation facilities dictates the need for preliminary selection of the most promising options. Determining the maximally economically efficient HP capacity may be the key limiting factor for the potential range of solutions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of the type of power equipment of a thermal power plant (TPP) on the choice of HP capacity. In the course of the study, we identified factors that can influence the choice of HP capacity. The correlation between the limitation of the maximum capacity of HP (from the point of view of break-even operation in the electricity market) from the electric capacity and the efficiency of the TPP equipment was established. The ranges of HP capacity for the most common types of TPP power equipment in the Russian Federation were determined. The maximum HP capacity for TPPs based on a steam turbine unit (STU) of type K-300-170- 1P was determined. The method proposed in the paper allows limiting the number of circuits options, as well as TPPs and external conditions suitable for the use of HP. Firstly, under the conditions of a given power system and fuel prices, it is possible to determine the type of power equipment of a TPP in combination with which HP can be used. Secondly, under the conditions of a given power system and type of equipment, the maximum fuel price at which HP can be used at thermal power plants can be determined. Thirdly, under the conditions of a given type of equipment and fuel price, it is possible to select an energy system (region) in which it is possible to build a TPP with HP. It was found that increasing the efficiency of thermal power plant equipment contributes to increasing the HP power capacity and expanding the range of external conditions under which the use of HP becomes rational. It was verified that for TPP equipment of a given type, the use of HP is more rational when operating in cogeneration mode. It was found that, all other conditions being equal, an essential factor determining the range of HP capacity is the electric capacity of TPPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cenozoic fine‐grained sedimentary rocks in the southwestern Qaidam Basin, as typical salinized lacustrine sediments, are significantly different from those in other freshwater lakes under the impact of the high salinity in the lake. Many fine‐grained sedimentary rock samples were selected from the lower member of Neogene (N1) in the Gaskule Oilfield, Qaidam Basin, northwest China, with the aim to analyze and test their petrology, pore structure, and organic geochemical characteristics and determine its genesis and geological significance. Based on previous results, a new genesis of mixed sedimentary rocks is proposed. The Cenozoic lacustrine fine‐grained sedimentary rocks in SW Qaidam Basin belong to mixed sedimentary rocks, which can be divided into three types, including carbonate and terrigenous clastic‐bearing mudstone, carbonate‐bearing to terrigenous clastic mixed sedimentary rocks, and carbonate‐terrigenous clastic mixed sedimentary rocks. The geneses of mixing are quite different from that of mixed marine rocks. According to the sedimentary characteristics of the salinized lakes, three new geneses of mixed deposits are proposed: syn‐sedimentary mixing, varve interbedded mixing, and biogenic mixing. The reservoir spaces of the Cenozoic lacustrine fine‐grained sedimentary rocks in SW Qaidam Basin include residual intergranular pores, intercrystalline pores, microfractures, and minor dissolved pores. The reservoirs have super‐low porosity and ultra‐low permeability, with a porosity of 1.82%–21.04%, averaging 7.71%, and permeability of (0.0028–254.86) × 10–3 μm2, averaging 2.82 × 10–3 μm2. The test results of total organic carbon (TOC) content show that the highest content of organic carbon reached 1.41%, and those of vitrinite reflectance show that Ro ranges from 0.525%–0.824%, with an average of 0.806%. The organic geochemical characteristics show that the fine‐grained mixed sedimentary rocks of SW Qaidam Basin have the potential for self‐generation and self‐storage. As an unconventional reservoir, it has potential industrial value. This is the first study of fine‐grained sedimentary rocks in the Qaidam Basin, which offers certain theoretical and practical values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review explores the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the renewable energy (RE) sector, especially in countries with the highest RE capacities, e.g., the USA, China, India, and the EU. It highlights stimulus packages put in place by governments worldwide and their sustainability to cushion the RE sector. Commissioning of RE projects has stalled due to lack of funding allocation and interruptions in the supply of equipment and components due to lockdown measures. Despite the need to fund COVID‐19 vaccination programs and other related health services, the world must not neglect other sectors of the economy, creating more problems, such as worsening the climate change situation in the long run. This review aims to present the information needed to sustain future energy during the COVID‐19 global pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the vulnerability and management of distributed energy resources for the qualification of a power system’s resilience against a deliberate attack. The system operator must minimize the impact of the attack by dispatching centralized generation and by using distributed energy resources (DER). Initially, the vulnerability analysis problem is approached by means of a genetic algorithm (GA), in which a disruptive agent aims at maximizing the damage to the system by attacking a set of lines and generators. DER management is assessed by using distributed generation (DG) and demand response (DR) as key elements to mitigate post-attack effects. The tests performed on the IEEE-RTS 24 bus test system show that the best resilience indicator is obtained with the joint operation of DG and DR. It is concluded that it is possible to increase resilience by strategically using the DER left available to the network’s operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the state of the art of distributed generation regulation in Brazil, carrying out a critical study regarding the interpretation of those regulations by electric power distributors (EPD) in the Southeast region of Brazil, pointing out the differences between the connection procedures, the tax charges in the energy tariff, and the TUSD (transmission system use tariff) of customers with DG and the payment of the minimum consumption of 100 kWh. This study portrays how the different views and interpretations of regulation affect the market, both for customers and for companies in the energy business. As support for the assessment will be used energy bills from consumers with distributed generation from three different power suppliers located in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo. In this way, a more assertive and comparative analysis will be presented, based on the premise of the current regulation of the Brazilian electricity sector in November 2021. As a result, the existence of different interpretations of the regulatory standards between the EPD was verified, highlighting that two out of three studied EPD charge tax on the TUSD portion of the energy tariff, one of the distributors does not inform in its invoice the customer's energy credits and one distributor requires the physical delivery of all documentation necessary for the connection process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy security, which is defined by the availability at all times of energy in all its forms, in sufficient quantities and at affordable prices, without unacceptable or irreversible environmental impact, must be the central pillar of the strategic analysis of the national security of the Republic of Moldova, in the context of accession and integration to the European Union. Easy access to energy resources is an essential condition for the security and well-being of Moldovan individuals, businesses and communities. Given the status of the Republic of Moldova as an acceding state to the European Union, which is at the forefront of defense of the entire Euro-Atlantic space against the offensive of the hostile interests of the Russian Federation, the region has become the hottest geopolitical, geoeconomic and geostrategic space for direct confrontation of the interests of the West and East, with a huge potential for escalation to a military conflict. Against this background, the preferred means of threat of the Russian Federation proves to be the energy weapon, used both for the promotion of major economic interests, as well as as as an instrument of influence and political blackmail. Therefore, energy is no longer only a factor of the equation of economic power of the Moldovan state, but also an element of political influence and control, with reflections in the military capabilities. The authors want to analyze the state of energy security regarding the state of energy resources and electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to high penetration of distributed renewable energy resources and their inflexible dispatch nature, modern and future electrical grids are facing technical challenges. New participants can offer the flexibility required by the grid through investments in energy storage and demand response capabilities. This article provides a comprehensive review on the concept of Energy Communities, their technical and economic motivations, available resources in the literature, trading schemes, price negotiation algorithms, and benefits for the grid. Furthermore, this review describes the policy framework in the European Union to make Energy Communities a reality. Moreover, a brief survey of related projects over the world is presented, along with a discussion around benefits, obstacles, and future research opportunities in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though hydropower plants are currently the most dominant source of electricity in Uganda, the rate of development of these resources for power generation remains low. Using a semisystematic review approach, this paper seeks to understand why there is a slow rate of hydropower development in Uganda (challenges) and thereby provide potential solutions to these challenges. With current total capacity of about 1011 MW, findings indicate that there is a higher future prospect for hydropower generation in Uganda, with an estimated potential of over 4500 MW. In terms of number of projects, small-scale hydropower plants dominate power plants in Uganda, currently accounting for 19 out of 35 grid-connected power plants. However, with 855 MW installation capacity, large hydropower plants dominate the power generation plants landscape in Uganda. This study found that the challenges to hydropower development in this country are multi-dimensional including technical, economic, environmental, and social factors, and shows that the cross-cutting challenge is lack of human capacity that possess adequate skills to handle hydropower projects in the country. Furthermore, this study discussed practical solutions to address the identified problems facing hydro power in Uganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript proposes a hybrid method for system modeling and optimal allocation of low cost micro‐grid. The proposed hybrid method is the joint execution of the enhanced elephant herding optimization algorithm (EHOA) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) named as EHO‐ANFIS. By using MG inputs, such as solar photovoltaic, wind turbine (WT), micro turbine (MT), fuel cell (FC), and battery energy storage system. EHO optimizes micro‐grid configuration in minimal fuel costs based on needed load requirement. Here, learning phase of ANFIS is utilized for predicting the load requirement. EHOA reduces operation and maintenance costs, emission cost on the basis of the predicted load requirement. The proposed method is executed in MATLAB/Simulink site and the robustness of the proposed method is compared with different existing methods. In the proposed method, the maximal generated power of photovoltaic represents 6 kW, wind turbine indicates 7.8 kW, micro turbine denotes 11.8 kW, FC implies 6.8 kW, and battery refers 3 kW. By utilizing genetic algorithm, the generated power of photovoltaic signifies 7 kW, WT implicates 6 kW, MT implicates 4 kW, FC refers 7 kW, and battery implies 14 kW. The proposed method has minimal cost effective depending on its load demand. The computational time of the proposed technique under 100, 250, 500, and 1000 trails is 5600, 14 000, 28 000, and 56 000 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's decarbonization is indispensable for the large-scale utilization of renewable energy. In this process, the development of offshore wind energy has become an important support, because in the eastern region of China, especially the coastal areas, there's the most load requirements but limited onshore renewable resources. Under the goals of both carbon neutral and sustainable development, however, there's still a research gap in evaluating the environmental impacts of large-scale offshore wind plants in China. In this study, the research performed a comprehensive process-based life cycle environmental analysis of a large-scale (400 MW) offshore wind farm with large wind turbine units (5 MW) in China. Global Warming Potential is 25.73 g CO 2 -eq/kWh and greenhouse gas payback time is calculated as 12.05 months. Fossil fuel consumption amounts to 0.31 MJ/kWh with an energy payback period of 25.56 months. Material resources and ecotoxicity to freshwater need more attention with the values of 1.68 CTUe/kWh and 3.32 10−6 kg Sb-eq/kWh, respectively. The manufacturing stage contributes most to all the impacts examined. The disposal and recycling process shows significant environmental benefits for most impacts but exerts burdens on the particulate matter. Focusing on Global Warming Potential, the wind turbine generation set has the highest effect, among which the blades contribute 73.2% of it. Further, the evolution of electricity and heating mix of China and use of biomass-based precursors could decrease 57% of the blades' greenhouse gas emissions in 2050. This study could provide guidance on the sustainable design and policy-making of offshore wind farms. [Display omitted] • A comprehensive LCA for a large-scale offshore wind farm in China is conducted. • The contributions of processes to ten impact categories are assessed. • The wind turbine generation set accounts for 39.19% GHG emissions. • GHG emissions of hybrid composites blades potentially decreased by 53% in 2050. • Suggestions are made for a more environmentally sustainable design of wind turbine blades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops a study about the energy resources available in microgrids, extracting and analyzing data form satellite databases, in order to apply it to the technologies available. On the other hand, a demand estimation is carried out based on measurements, and finally an optimization is performed to determine the most economically profitable option with the correspondent graphs and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luteoviruses are plant‐infecting RNA viruses that are transmitted by aphids in a persistent circulative mode. Luteoviruses have been shown to positively influence their aphid vectors fitness. To find out the physiological responses of aphid vectors to luteoviruses, fatty acid (FA) composition and energy components (EC) of aphid vectors including pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris), black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scopoli) and bird cherry‐oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) were evaluated in response to Pea enation mosaic virus 1 (PEMV1), Bean leafroll virus (BLRV) and Barley yellow dwarf virus‐PAV (BYDV‐PAV), respectively. Our results showed that the number and the proportion of FA of total lipid are altered in aphid vectors in response to the luteoviruses. Compared to non‐viruliferous (NV) aphids, BLRV and PEMV1 elevated the amount of myristic acid (1.13 and 1.03‐fold increase) in A. fabae and A. pisum, respectively. V R. padi individuals exhibited a 1.11‐fold increase in palmitic acid content compared to the NV individuals. In contrast, other V aphids showed a reduced proportion of FA in response to the viruses. These changes in FA profile enhanced the ratio of saturated to unsaturated FA in V aphids (4.09‐fold increase). BLRV decreased protein and lipid contents in its aphid vector, A. fabae, while carbohydrate content was found to increase in V R. padi and A. pisum. Thus, our results demonstrate that luteoviruses change the content of some FA and EC in their aphid vectors highlighting a specific interaction among virus species, plant host and aphid vector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic voltage support is a type of critical ancillary service in electric power networks. With the increasing penetration of inverter-based renewable energy resources, utilizing their idle capacity to provide dynamic voltage support is becoming essential. However, the performance of traditional control methods is ofter limited due to the frequently changing operating point and network parameters, which are tuned only in a specific condition and suffer performance deterioration in others. This article presents a model-free dynamic voltage control method for inverter-based energy resources to supply dynamic voltage support. This method can dynamically estimate the system with pseudo gradients, in which a continuous parameter function is proposed to adaptively approximate the optimal intermediate parameters. It guarantees the performance when the host system operating states vary without tuning the controller's parameters, while in comparison the PID controllers require the parameters being tuned repeatedly. Both numerical simulation and field tests demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the classic PI and adaptive PI controllers, especially in the case when the host system varies over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]