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The article presents a case study of 41-year-old female who was diagnosed with lipofibromatous hamartoma of the median nerve. Topics include the change in morphology of median nerve after carpal tunnel release, risk of repetitive surgeries, and the swelling of soft tissue. It provides magnetic resonance images and ultrasonography of lipofibromatous hamartoma of the median nerve.

The prevalence of intervertebral disc herniation (IDH) of the thoracic spine is rare compared to the cervical or lumbar spine. In particular, IDH of the upper thoracic spine is extremely rare. We report the case of T1-2 IDH and its treatment, with a literature review. A 37-year-old male patient visited our hospital due to radiating pain at the left upper extremity and weakness of grip power. In cervical spine magnetic resonance images, T1-2 disc space showed herniated disc material and compressed T1 root was identified. Laminoforaminotomy was performed with a posterior approach. The radiating pain and weakness of grip power improved immediately after the surgery. Of patients who show radiating pain or numbness at the medial aspect of forearm, or weakness of intrinsic muscle of hand, can be suspected to have T1 radiculopathy. A detailed physical examination and a radiologic evaluation including this area should be required for the T1 radiculopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) is an autosomal dominant disorder manifested by the presence of multiple osteochondromas. Although the lesions are benign in nature, exostoses are often associated with characteristic progressive skeletal deformity and displaying clinical symptoms such as mechanical irritation or impingement. We present the successful arthroscopic resection in a 24-year-old HME male with impingement syndrome and long head tendon tear of the biceps caused by osteochondroma arising from the distal clavicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with C5 or C6 radiculopathy complain of shoulder area pain or shoulder girdle weakness. Typical idiopathic neuralgic amyotrophy (INA) is also characterized by severe shoulder pain, followed by paresis of shoulder girdle muscles. Recent studies have demonstrated that magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) of the brachial plexus and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the shoulder in patients with INA show high signal intensity (HSI) or thickening of the brachial plexus and changes in intramuscular denervation of the shoulder girdle. We evaluated the value of brachial plexus MRN and shoulder MRI in four patients with typical C5 or C6 radiculopathy. HSI of the brachial plexus was noted in all patients and intramuscular changes were observed in two patients who had symptoms over 4 weeks. Our results suggest that HSI or thickening of the brachial plexus and changes in intramuscular denervation of the shoulder girdle on MRN and MRI may not be specific for INA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the radiological stability according to the number of modular augments after revision of infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods: Between February 2006 and September 2013, 37 patients (39 knees) followed ⩾2 years after revision of infected TKA using modular metal augments for bone defects were reviewed retrospectively. We divided the patients into 3 groups according to the number of augments into group A (⩽2 augments, 14 knees), group B (3-4 augments, 18 knees), and group C (5⩾ augments, 7 knees) and evaluated the width of radiolucent zones around the implant at the last follow-up. Results: There were 3 Anderson Orthopedic Research Institute type I, 33 type II, and 3 type III bone defects. The mean number of radiolucent zones of group A was 3 and the sum of width averaged 4.4 mm. In group B, the values were 4.8 and 6.2 mm, respectively. In group C, the values were 8.1 and 12.9 mm, respectively. The differences between the three groups were statistically significant. Conclusions: In revision TKA with modular metal augmentation caused by infected TKA, increased modularity can result in radiological instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: To evaluate the radiological and clinical results of three different methods in the deformity correction of a degenerative flat back. Overview of Literature: There are no comparative studies about different procedures in the treatment of degenerative flat back. Methods: Sixty-four patients who consecutively underwent corrective surgery for degenerative flat back were reviewed. The operations were performed by three different methods: posterior-only (group P, n=20), one-stage anterior-posterior (group AP, n=12), and two-stage anterior-posterior with iliac screw fixation (group AP-I, n=32). Medical and surgical complications were examined and radiological and clinical results were compared. Results: The majority of medical and surgical complications were found in group AP (5/12) and group P (7/20). The sagittal vertical axes were within normal range immediately postoperatively in all groups, but only group AP-I showed normal sagittal alignment at the final follow-up. Postoperative lumbar lordosis was also significantly higher in group AP-I than in group P or group AP and the finding did not change through the last follow-up. The Oswestry disability index was significantly lower in groups AP and AP-I than in group P at the final follow-up. Meanwhile, the operating time was the longest in group AP-I, and total amount of blood loss was larger in group AP-I and group AP than in group P. Conclusions: Anterior-posterior correction showed better clinical results than posterior-only correction. Two-staged anteriorposterior correction with iliac screw fixation showed better radiological results than posterior-only or one-staged anterior-posterior correction. Two-staged anterior-posterior correction with iliac screw fixation also showed a lower complication rate than one-staged anterior-posterior correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: To investigate influence of bone mineral density (BMD) on the surgical correction of lumbar degenerative kyphosis (LDK). Overview of Literature: No studies so far have reported the influence of BMD on the surgical correction of LDK. Methods: Forty LDK patients with more than 2 years follow-up were studied. Pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt, sacral slope, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), lumbar lordosis (LL), and thoracic kyphosis were measured preoperatively, immediate postoperatively and at final follow-up. Adverse outcomes: proximal adjacent fractures, sagittal decompensation, pseudoarthrosis, and cage subsidence were documented. Results: There were 37 females and 3 males. Average age was 65.1±4.5 years and mean follow-up was 34.2±16.7 months. 42.5% were Takemitsu type 3 curves, 27.5% type 2, 20.0% type 4 and 10.0% type 1. 37.5% had osteopenia, 40.0% osteoporosis and 22.5% had severe osteoporosis. SVA improved from 237.0±96.7 mm preoperatively to 45.3±41.8 mm postoperatively (p =0.000). LL improved from 10.5°±14.7° to -40.6°±10.9° postoperatively (p =0.000). At final follow-up SVA deteriorated to 89.8±72.2 mm and LL to 34.7°±15.8° (p =0.000). The association between late sagittal decompensation, pseudoarthrosis, or proximal adjacent fractures and osteoporosis was insignificant. The difference between immediate postoperative LL and PI (PIDiff) had a significant association with sagittal decompensation and pseudoarthrosis. Conclusions: Osteoporosis did not influence the degree of correction, late sagittal decompensation, proximal adjacent fractures, and pseudoarthrosis in LDK. PIDiff had a significant association with sagittal decompensation and pseudoarthrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the hemostatic effect of intraarticular injection of a thrombin-based hemostatic agent in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective randomized controlled trial on the use of a thrombin-based hemostatic agent in patients undergoing unilateral TKA. A total of 100 TKA patients were enrolled, with 50 patients randomized into the study group and the other 50 patients into the controlled group. Drain output, hemoglobin level, total red blood cell loss for 24 hours after surgery, transfusion rates, and complications were assessed. Results: Postoperative drain output was 525 mL in the study group and 667 mL in the control group (p=0.01). Nine patients in the study group and eighteen in the control group received blood transfusion (p=0.043). But, there was no significant difference between two groups in terms of hemoglobin level change and total red blood cell loss (p>0.05). Conclusions: The thrombin-based hemostatic agent demonstrated efficacy in reducing drain output and blood transfusion rates. Thus, we believe the use of a thrombin-based hemostatic agent should be considered as an option in orthopedic surgery that involves massive bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prospective clinical outcome research is presented to determine the effect of epidural steroid injection (ESI) on patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR). The subjects were neurological deficit-free patients without surgery and post-surgery participants with additional consideration to clinical variables such as sex, age, and symptom duration. The results indicate that ESI may be a safe treatment alternative to surgery with cautious consideration to symptom severity and history of CR.

The article presents a retrospective study for the suggestion of methods for the detection of pedicle perforation based on the position of the cervical pedicle screw (CPS) on plain radiographs. The study on 48 subjects with 205 screws who had undergone CPS placement showed correct positioning for 174 screws, approximately 84.9 percent, and incorrect positioning for 31 screws at 15.1 percent. The placement of the screw head in a neutral position was noted for 182 screws.