Search

Aim: This study aims to compare surface electromyographic activities (EMG) of four muscles, that is anterior temporalis (AT), masseter (MST), sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and anterior belly of digastric (ABD), between chronic periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy individuals as well as to correlate these EMG findings with periodontal parameters. Methods: Thirty chronic periodontitis patients were recruited in Group I and 30 periodontally healthy individuals in Group II. Clenching and resting EMG for 4 muscles (AT, MST, SCM and ABD) were recorded for each participant. These EMG values were compared between the groups and correlated with periodontal parameters (plaque index, modified sulcular bleeding index, probing depth and clinical attachment loss). Results: Resting EMG (rEMG) showed no significant difference between the groups for any muscle. Clenching EMG (cEMG) values were significantly lower in Group I than Group II for AT and MST (P =.001), but not so for SCM and ABD. Within Group I, AT and MST showed a significant negative correlation of cEMG with probing depth and clinical attachment loss (P <.05). Conclusion: Electrical muscle activities of AT and MST are lower in chronic periodontitis than periodontally healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gingival recession being the most common mucogingival problem among adult patients is often associated with root hypersensitivity, erosion, root caries, and compromised aesthetics. The primary goal of treating gingival recession include complete root coverage along with improving gingival biotype to facilitate proper plaque control, improve patient aesthetics, and to prevent further periodontal breakdown. Although numerous root coverage techniques and regenerative materials are available, a novel technique involving the bilateral pedicle flap with subperiosteal tunnel in interdental papilla along with use of Titanium Prepared Platelet-Rich Fibrin (T-PRF) has been described in this case report. A 20-year-old male patient reported with the chief complaint of teeth sensitivity in lower front teeth. Intraoral examination revealed Recession Type 1 (RT-1) defects in mandibular central incisors which were treated using modified bilateral pedicle flap and tunnel technique combined with T-PRF. This technique allowed excellent blood supply at recipient site along with complete coverage of T-PRF membrane and root surfaces. The subperiosteal tunnel created in between the two affected teeth, allowed better stabilisation of membrane and inhibited apical retraction of flap during healing phase. Using this novel technique, complete root coverage was achieved along with gain in gingival thickness hence, it can be considered as a predictable approach for the treatment of RT-1 defects involving two adjacent teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial etiology of periodontal disease is an established fact today. However, despite advances in the field of pharmacology with advent of newer and better antibiotics prevalence of the disease could not be abated. Moreover, unpredictable remissions and indefinite pattern in a single host force us to go back to the exact etiology of the disease. Present is a short review highlighting the role and plausible mechanisms by which viruses can affect the development of periodontal disease. This broadens our concept and will help establish a better treatment protocol for periodontal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Deep periodontal pockets pose a great challenge for nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone may not suffice in cases where surgical therapy cannot be undertaken. Various recent studies have suggested the use of antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) for the management of periodontal infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using aPDT along with SRP, compared to SRP alone for the management of deep periodontal pockets. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic periodontitis, who met the criteria of having periodontal pockets with depth ≥ 6 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) in at least 2 different quadrants were included. After SRP, one quadrant was randomly selected for aPDT (test), while another served as control. Clinical parameters i.e. plaque index (PI), modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline, 1 month and 3 months post-treatment intervals. Results: All clinical parameters significantly improved in both groups after 1 and 3 months. At 1-month interval, inter-group difference in mean change was statistically significant (P < 0.05) in terms of mSBI (0.85 ± 0.41in test vs 0.54 ± 0.47 in control group) and PD (1.77±0.86 in test vs 1.3 ± 0.95 in control group). At 3 months interval, no statistically significant difference was observed between test and control groups except in terms of mSBI (0.97 ± 0.45 in test vs 0.73 ± 0.42 in control group). Conclusion: aPDT appears to play an additional role in reduction of gingival inflammation when used along with nonsurgical mechanical debridement of deep periodontal pockets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The periodontal therapy is primarily targeted at removal of dental plaque and plaque retentive factors. Although the thorough removal of adherent plaque, calculus and infected root cementum is desirable, it is not always achieved by conventional modalities. To accomplish more efficient results several alternative devices have been used. Lasers are one of the most promising modalities for nonsurgical periodontal treatment as they can achieve excellent tissue ablation with strong bactericidal and detoxification effects. Methods: Thirty freshly extracted premolars were selected and decoronated. The mesial surface of each root was divided vertically into four approximately equal parts. These were distributed into four group based on the root surface treatment. Part A (n = 30) was taken as control and no instrumentation was performed. Part B (n = 30) was irradiated by Erbium, Chromium doped Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser. Part C (n = 30) was treated by piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler. Part D (n = 30) was treated by Gracey curette. The surface roughness was quantitatively analyzed by profilometer using roughness average (Ra) value, while presence of smear layer, cracks, craters and melting of surface were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The means across the groups were statistically compared with control using Dunnett test. Results: Among the test groups, Er,Cr:YSGG laser group showed maximum surface roughness (mean Ra value of 4.14 μm) as compared to ultrasonic scaler (1.727 μm) and curette group (1.22 μm). However, surface with smear layer were found to be maximum (50%) in curette treated samples and minimum (20%) in laser treated ones. Maximum cracks (83.34%) were produced by ultrasonic scaler, and minimum (43.33%) by curettes. Crater formation was maximum (50%) in laser treated samples and minimum (3.33%) in curette treated ones. 63.33% samples treated by laser demonstrated melting of root surface, followed by ultrasonic scaler and curettes. Conclusion: Er,Cr:YSGG laser produced maximum microstructural changes on root surface that can influence the attachment of soft periodontal tissues as well as plaque and calculus deposition. In vivo studies are needed to validate these results and to evaluate their clinical effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim was to compare the gingival tissue response following placement of a light cure dressing (Barricaid®) and a non-eugenol periodontal dressing (Coe-Pak™) after periodontal flap procedure. This was carried out by evaluating plaque deposition underneath both the dressings, healing response and the patient preference for each. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis requiring surgery in at least two different quadrants were enrolled for this split-mouth study. After periodontal flap surgery, Coe-Pak™ was placed in the quadrant assigned to Group I and Barricaid® was placed in the other quadrant assigned to Group II. Clinical parameters were recorded on day 7 and day 14. Patient comfort and pain levels were also evaluated by a questionnaire. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in wound healing and the clinical gingival parameters between two groups. The only significant difference was found in the plaque attached underneath the dressing, with Coe-Pak™ showing greater plaque accumulation than Barricaid®. Seventy five (75) % of the patients preferred Barricaid® over Coe-Pak™, based on its appearance and taste. Conclusion: The non-eugenol dressing seemed to retain more plaque on its undersurface than light-cure dressing. However, this did not have much influence on the healing outcome and clinical gingival parameters, which were optimal and comparable in both groups. The greater number of patients showed a preference for light cure dressing, based on its superior esthetics and taste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mucus extravasation cyst is a commonly occurring lesion in oral cavity that may result from traumatic severance of a salivary gland duct with subsequent extravasation of mucus into fibrous connective tissue. After a conventional excision or marsupialization, recurrence is not uncommon. Diode laser offers an effective modality for management of such lesions. Case Reports: Four patients were referred with painless fluctuant swellings on labial and buccal mucosa. After recording history and clinical examination, provisional diagnosis of mucocele was made. All the lesions were excised with a diode laser and biopsy was performed. Surgical wounds were treated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Results: Uneventful healing was observed in all 4 cases. Significant reduction in postoperative discomfort was recorded after application of LLLT. Histopathological findings were suggestive of mucus extravasation cysts. Conclusion: Diode laser appears to be a good alternative to conventional modalities for the management of mucus extravasation cysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth that occurs in response to a predominantly Gram-negative bacterial infection originating from dental plaque. Periodontitis presents with increased systemic inflammation and is known to contribute to rise in serum lipid levels. The aim of present study was to determine influence of periodontal therapy on serum lipid levels. Methods: A total of 105 consecutive subjects were studied. Group I (n=35) included subjects with chronic generalised periodontitis who were not given periodontal therapy during study period and served as control group. Group II (n=70) comprised of subjects with chronic generalized periodontitis who were rendered needful periodontal therapy. Serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL & LDL cholesterol were measured at day 0 (baseline) and reassessed on day 60. Results: In the treatment group, serum triglycerides (Pre=127.81±59.32 & Post = 121.20 ± 58.94 mg/dL, p < 0.001)), total cholesterol (Pre=176.33±38.31 & Post=171.39±31.19 mg/dL, p=0.045) and mean LDLcholesterol levels (Pre=91.91±28.54 & Post=83.94±26.00 mg/dL, p < 0.001) showed a significant decline from the pre-treatment values. HDL-cholesterol levels did not change significantly in both groups. Other lipid levels were not significantly altered in the control group. Conclusions: Patients of chronic generalised periodontitis who were offered periodontal therapy showed improvement in the various lipid parameters except HDL-cholesterol, which was not significantly altered. Chronic periodontitis in otherwise healthy individuals may therefore, be contributing to the systemic inflammatory burden in these patients and adversely altering the lipid profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]