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As key players in innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems, Higher Education Institutions (HEI) assume a position as catalysts in creating and disseminating knowledge with repercussions in the societal, economic, political and innovation environments. In this scenario, HEI are facing the need to balance the performance of their traditional missions—teaching and research—with the pursuit of entrepreneurial performance. This brings awareness of the need to pay particular attention to HEI entrepreneurial performance (HEIEP) and how to measure it. Based on HEInnovate, a self‐assessment tool resulting from a joint effort of the European Community and the OECD, this study aims to explore the benefits of university entrepreneurial metrics, analysing HEIEP as a discriminant function of the HEInnovate dimensions complemented with a qualitative approach using Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). The analysis provides valuable details, presenting recipes based on the HEInnovate dimensions or combinations of dimensions to achieve a mission legitimation. This research brings awareness to the use of the HEInnovate scale, where it is possible to highlight the importance of the digital transformation and capability dimension to entrepreneurial performance (EP) and university mission legitimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic entrepreneurship currently features as a leading topic in the field of entrepreneurship. This research study aims to carry out bibliometric analysis on this topic through recourse to cluster analysis. We carried out extensive search (1971–2017) of the Web of Science database that identified seven clusters in the literature: entrepreneurial universities, university–industry interactions, university–industry knowledge transfers, university–industry innovation networks, university entrepreneurship, university–industry industrial property and innovation ecosystems. This study reinforces the coherence and scientific structure of the existing literature and serves as a starting point for other studies on this field. We close with debate about the future research agenda for academic entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper involves evaluating the impact of coopetition on the innovation activities and innovation performance of companies. Design/methodology/approach: The study deployed data from the Community Innovation Survey – CIS 2012 and subject to the application of different multivariate statistical analysis processes. Findings: The authors furthermore conclude that coopetition and the transfer of knowledge to and from competitors generates a statistically significant positive impact on company innovation-related activities and performance. Originality/value: This work enriches the theory of innovation from the perspectives of game-theoretic strategic and resource theory approach. Moreover, the findings provide several recommendations for managers to effectively conduct firm's coopetition strategy on innovation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic Learning Capabilities (DLC) are the main generator of competitive advantage influencing the dynamics of organizations. The main objective of the study is to understand, based on the logistics managers of health organizations, how the DLC add efficiency to health organizations, seeking organizational improvement. A qualitative approach was chosen, using interview and documentary analysis, based on four studies of public and private health organizations. The results suggest that in the different organizations (public, social, private) CDA add efficiency to health organizations in a very dispar way. The study intends to understand how the DLC add efficiency to health organizations. The results contribute to the current literature on the subject, as well as a practical contribution to health organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent change in the regional development strategy of the European Union (EU) results in an important need to study the terms of change and their respective implications. This study seeks, through a bibliometric analysis, to ascertain the developments taking place in studies on research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS3) to identify shortcomings and opportunities for future research. This bibliometric review drew upon the Scopus database with the sample selected containing all the articles containing the keywords "Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation" or "RIS3." This correspondingly reports how some authors maintain that the path the EU should take involves imitative innovation. Meanwhile, others propose that each region should specialise in those industries that are already established there and thus avoid targeting any areas they do not already know/specialise in. Our findings detail six clusters in RIS3 research, which help in contextualising the literature review: (a) business discovery; (b) smart specialisation; (c) innovation; (d) specialisation; (e) regional policies; and (f) regional development. This study furthermore sets out perspectives for future lines of research and correspondingly seeks to convey a vast theoretical basis that may serve as the point of departure for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As university–industry cooperation is associated with the transfer of knowledge and technology, this collaboration is an extremely important field of study for the world's economies that helps companies become more competitive. The present research, thus, sought to explore and analyse the literature related to university–industry cooperation, using a co-citation analysis. This study's objectives were to (1) identify the main co-cited references and the groups (i.e. clusters) they form and (2) discuss the challenges this literature presented in the study of university–industry cooperation. The articles reviewed were obtained with a search of the ISI's Web of Science and were submitted to a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software. This systematic literature review revealed that companies are increasingly focused on cooperation with universities. The results include four clusters, namely, (1) Absorption Capacity, Knowledge and Competitiveness in University–Industry Relations, (2) Impact of Knowledge Spill-overs on University–Industry Relations, (3) Strategic Alliances for Industry Innovation, and (4) University–Industry Cooperation. This study thus contributes to a greater and more detailed understanding of the production flow, scientific practices, and trends in this new and stimulating field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to present the progress and development in research carried out on the strategies put into practice at nonprofit organisations. To this end, we carried out a systematic review of the literature making recourse to the ISI Web of Knowledge platform for the data collection process that resulted in the 62 scientific articles (published between 1981 and 2016) analysed in this review. This analysis correspondingly sets out a description of the studies, a timeframe for their respective dates of publication and details about the research methods applied. The results convey how, over the last four decades, there have been a range of studies of nonprofit organisation strategy-related themes with the greatest incidence clustered around the terms strategic management, strategic planning, strategic typology (Miles and Snow 1978), innovation strategies and the strategic management of human resources. We found that the 1980s focused on the theoretical foundations of strategy in nonprofit organisations and the 1990s showed a theoretical consolidation of strategy in nonprofit organisations. The first decade of the twenty-first century shows a focus on improving the management of nonprofit organisations, and in the past decade there has been a diversification in the strategies adopted by these organisations. We furthermore set out suggestions for future research alongside the theoretical and practical implications of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the linkage of innovation and entrepreneurship to economic growth in countries with different levels of development.Design/methodology/approach Following quantitative analysis, the authors carry out three empirical approaches to examine the effects of innovation and entrepreneurship on competitiveness. In accordance with their initial study framework, they test the conceptual model of competitiveness through applying descriptive statistics, structural equation modelling (SEM) and hierarchical cluster analysis. Descriptive statistics and SEM data sources from the Global Competitiveness Report of the World Economic Forum were analysed for 148 countries. The hierarchical cluster analysis furthermore analysed Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data on 67 different countries.Findings The study confirmed that innovation and sophistication factors are crucial to the competitiveness of economies. The study also revealed the definition of five clusters relative to the competitive performance of advanced economies following the introduction of new entrepreneurship variables.Originality/value This research aims to open up avenues for the development of regional competitiveness studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding customer loyalty has been a growing concern for the services industry. In a context of increasing competitive pressures, such loyalty is seen as a key element in service companies’ success. Maintaining customer loyalty and identifying its underlying factors, however, are recognizably difficult to do. Grounded on the use of cognitive mapping techniques, this paper proposes a knowledge-based framework for the identification of the key determinants of customer loyalty, and the relationships among them. A step-by-step guide to the development of such a framework is presented, and illustrated through a practical application in the banking context. The resulting findings are supportive of the applicability of such methods for understanding customer loyalty, and the improvement of long-term relationships with customers. They are furthermore indicative of new ways in which knowledge can be incorporated into management activities to improve service outcomes. Some managerial implications of our contribution and avenues for future research are also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

By introducing digital technologies, Industry 4.0 may be transforming the traditional systems of the manufacturing industries, which are often blamed for high environmental degradation and social inequalities. Due to their power, size, and scope, manufacturing multinational enterprises (MNEs) are considered by other organizations as best practice references. If there is already evidence that digitalization favours environmental sustainability, social sustainability still needs to be explored. This study aims to analyze the contribution of the implementation of digital technologies in promoting environmental and social sustainability in European manufacturing MNEs using the Resource-Based View (RBV). A research model was formulated comprising five digital technologies (Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing, Robotics, Big Data Analytics, and Blockchain) and sustainable environmental and social practices. To test the model, the Partial Least Squares method was applied to a sample of 764 European manufacturing MNEs. The results show that European MNEs still have a low implementation of digital technologies in their business models. Digital technologies positively contribute to achieving these companies' environmental and social sustainability. However, the contributions of implementing each digital technology to environmental and social sustainability are not equal, allowing investment prioritization by manufacturing MNEs according to the strategically defined return. This study contributes to the evolution of RBV considering digital technology as a strategic resource. It focuses on assessing the contribution of five digital technologies to achieving environmental and social sustainability and demonstrates the importance of the digital transition towards greener manufacturing production in environmental and social terms. It also suggests practices managers and policymakers can implement to accelerate digitalization and achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the role of branding in the Portuguese SME internationalization process and how the internationalization and brand strategies are articulated in the search for a better business performance within a competitive framework and increasing competitiveness environment. The article aims specifically at: (a) the strategy of creation and brand management; (b) the relevance given to the brand; (c) the importance of brand creation and management in the internationalization strategy. We chose a qualitative methodology, based on four cases studies. Our results suggest that branding strategies of SME cannot be compared with the strategies of multinationals. Budgetary constraints and human resources lead companies to invest in low-cost strategies. The importance of the brand lies in the distinction that allows competition with similar products within the sectors. Management of the brand does not come up as an essential strategy for the internationalization of a Portuguese SME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to provide researchers and leaders with a reliable and up-to-date comparison between a single-item and a multi-item trust scale, enabling effective assessment of team members' trust in their leaders. The aim of the study is to investigate whether a single-question scale is as reliable as a multi-item questionnaire in measuring trust. An additional goal is to provide researchers with insights and conditions for effectively using single or multiple measures to assess trust in leaders, considering factors like reliability and effectiveness. After conducting a comprehensive literature review, data were collected from 101 project members in Brazil using a survey methodology. The respondents were asked to provide feedback regarding their leaders, specifically project managers, and factor analysis was then employed to test the single-item and multi-item measures of trust. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed. The findings of our study demonstrate that both single-item and multi-item scales of trust should be utilized to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the trust construct. Single-item questionnaires can reduce survey length, improve respondent friendliness, and increase participant willingness. On the other hand, multi-item questionnaires enable researchers to analyze latent variables that contribute to an overall variable, but they cannot isolate data for each of those constructs. The results show that both measures are reliable, providing researchers and professionals with insights into the benefits and drawbacks associated with each method. Consequently, this research equips researchers and project professionals with valuable information for selecting the appropriate measurement tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the purpose of this paper is to approach entrepreneurial intention (EI) and the factors preceding the founding of EI among secondary students, both studying general academic and specific professional programs, and thereby establish causal relationships between psychological, demographic and behavioural factors. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of secondary students, both studying general academic and specific professional programs, was chosen. Data were collected through questionnaires and analysed with resource to structural equation models (SEM) to measure the causal relationships among different constructs. Findings – The results show that the EI of secondary school students is influenced by such demographic, psychological and behavioural factors. However, the hypothesis of becoming entrepreneurs in the future remains independent of the fact of whether or not students had already experienced engagement with entrepreneurship-related themes having no impact on EI. These results raise a series of pertinent questions and deserve being subject to a more profound reflection and not only among the scientific and academic community but also among political and government entities. Originality/value – The paper provides important evidence to expand entrepreneurship education specifically in the field of secondary school education. These students are already about to face choices over their professional careers. This remains valid whether or not students intend to proceed with higher education studies or to join the workforce. Therefore this research contributes towards meeting a better understanding of EI and the factors preceding the formation of this intention among secondary school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This research provides a useful framework for identifying a small firms' propensity to engage in entrepreneurial orientation. We examine the impact of the Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) as a main resource and capability on small firm' growth. - Prior Work: The growth seems to come out as an important demonstration of the entrepreneurial orientation of small firms (Davidsson, 1989; Green and Brown, 1997; Janney and Gregory, 2006). Thus, this research builds on prior conceptual research that suggests a positive integration between entrepreneurial orientation and resource-based view. Approach: In the first instance, the research will focus on reviewing literature in the emerging area of entrepreneurial orientation as it applies to growth oriented small firms and resource-based view of the firm. Secondly, an empirical study was developed based on a stratified sample of small firms of manufacturing industry. Data were submitted to a multivariate statistical analysis and a linear regression model was performed in order to predict the influence of the resources and capabilities on small firms' growth, In this sense, we consider the construct growth as a dependent variable and the ones relates with resources and capabilities (entrepreneur resources, firm resources, networks and EO) as independent variables. Results: The research results suggest a set of resources and capabilities that promote the growth of the small firms. Also, the EQ seems to have a predictive value on growth. Explaining variables related with resources and capabilities and EQ were identified as essential in growth oriented small firms. It was still possible to conclude that the entrepreneurial firms which grew seem to have resources and develop more capabilities and take advantage in the search for those competences. This attitude reflects on the EQ of the firm. Implications: This study has important implication for both researchers and practitioners. It highlights the necessity of firms to develop superior EQ of all their members and also to invest on better resources and consequently superior capabilities as a way of reaching higher levels of growth. Value: While previous authors have attempted to analyse certain aspects of this process (linkage between entrepreneurial orientation and growth), this research developed a framework that combines these and others factors (resource-based view) pertinent to growth oriented small firms. The results support the necessity to identify explicative variables of multiple levels to explain the growth of small firms. The adoption of an entrepreneurial orientation as an indispensable variable to the growth oriented small firms seems pertinent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Implementation of Computerised Nursing Information Systems (SIE) has generated the need for nurses to develop new skills in providing care, in order to know how to use a new computer application and accept the use of a common language among peers to describe their practices. Objectives: This purpose of this research was to identify nurses' attitudes towards the Nursing Information Systems (SIE) based on International Classification for Nursing Practice (CIPE) and to identify their determinants. Method: Cross-sectional and correlational study, with a sample of 164 nurses from five hospitals in the country. To evaluate the nurses' attitude', a scale was constructed that revealed good internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha 0.964) with five factors: SIE impact on work processes; SIE impact on effectiveness, efficiency and funding of nursing care; commitment to the new SIE; difficulties and expectations provided by SIE; appropriateness of software and service user support. Results: The results highlight favourable nursing attitudes toward SIEs based on CIPE, influenced by: perceptions of organisational change process, SIE experience, nursing educational level, training in CIPE language, professional category and workplace of the respondents. Conclusion: Planning of the implementation of computerized SIE in health organizations, must be done in order to make the change process clearer to users, through continuous training, achieving greater involvement of nursing professionals in this change process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been exponential growth is the use of wearable technology, and these are now considered to be of critical importance in certain consumer goods and services sectors, including healthcare. However, research on this topic remains fragmented, and the approaches to aid its study and enhance the understanding of how these technologies are used and its implications for the future have not yet been delimited. Thus, this study aims at identifying the different trends and themes prevailing in the literature on wearable technology. Through a systematic literature review, using bibliometric analysis, we identify five themes: i) Wearable technology decision-making; ii) Wearable technology well-being; iii) Wearable technology consumer behavior; iv) Wearable technology utility, and v) Wearable technology and big data analytics. Our analysis of the review data suggests that despite being multi-disciplinary, there is a lack of integration between this research field's micro and macro perspectives. This lack of integration and dialogue has led to several disconnected constructed terminologies, overlapping research questions, studies that are not based on appropriate results, fragmentation, and mixing or confusion of different theories. The study articulates key questions that could drive future research on wearables and consumer interaction. • This study reviews the literature on wearable technology and consumer interaction. • A systematic literature review was undertaken using bibliometric analysis. • Consumer behavior, well-being, and decision-making are key issues in this area. • Wearables utility and big data analytics are of critical importance to marketers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing academic literature on the relationship between agglomeration economies and university activities is both under-theorized and relatively sparse in terms of empirical examination. This paper addresses each of these voids by contributing and analyzing a market model of pro-revenue education program creation such as graduate-level executive business education (e.g. EMBA) that reveals some intriguing characteristics. For instance, it shows that demand for these pro-revenue programs is inelastic and therefore uniquely determines their availability. More specifically, we show that through agglomeration economies these types of education programs are more likely to emanate from universities located in metropolitan areas and from less academically prestigious universities. Regression analysis of a cross-section of national public universities lends support to important facets of our formal model by suggesting that agglomeration economies continue to increase the probability of offering EMBA programs through a city size of approximately 2.12 million and that the probability that a given business school will offer an EMBA is negatively related to the academic prestige of the institution to which it is affiliated. • Literature on the relationship between agglomeration economies and university activities is under-theorized and lacks empirical examination. • This paper contributes and analyzes a market model of pro-revenue education program creation that reveals some intriguing characteristics. • It shows that demand for pro-revenue programs is inelastic and therefore uniquely determines their availability. • We show that these education programs are more likely to emanate from less academically prestigious universities located in urban areas. • Regression analysis suggests that agglomeration economies continue to increase the probability of offering EMBA programs through a city size of approximately 2.12 million. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to understand how the differences in university-industry (U-I) dynamics in two cross-border regions act on their research and innovation performance. Surveys were administered to academics from research centres or units in Portugal's Northern Region and Spain's Castile and Leon. Data were also collected from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS2014) conducted in Portugal and Spain, to obtain a broader perspective on the topic and regions under analysis. A comparison could thus be made between the researchers' perspective (i.e. micro) and the companies' perspective that answered the CIS questionnaire (i.e. meso) on U-I collaboration dynamics. The questionnaires were analysed using Partial least squares structural equation modelling, and the data from CIS survey using logistic regression. The results show that U-I cooperation is associated with (i) time spent on research and development, (ii) budgets based on direct contracts with industries, (iii) companies' location and (iv) incentives for collaboration. However, the researchers' age and academic field are the only factors affecting which incentives for collaboration are significant. The results also reveal that U-I collaboration influences regions' innovation profiles. These findings contribute to a fuller, more empirical understanding of U-I cooperation, demonstrating that encouragement of this type of collaboration can be a driver of innovation in any region. This article contributes in policy terms to a better understanding of the necessary incentives for both U-I collaboration and the internationalisation of this collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to understand better research and innovation strategies for smart specialization (RIS3) and assess how they influence university-industry (U-I) collaboration empirically. Primary data were collected from a focus group consisting of representatives of universities and government entities from Portugal and Spain. Secondary European Union (EU) data on the application of smart specialization measures and the innovation in these two countries were also included. The results reveal difficulties in implementing RIS3, resulting in decreased investment in research and innovation in all production sectors. Evidence also pointed to the negative impact of smart specialization measures on U-I collaboration and, consequently, on the respective knowledge transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If innovation is the engine of economies, the partnerships in the Triple Helix model of innovation are the fuel that makes this engine work. Although each member of this model has its defined role, the present study sought to gain a new perspective on these partnerships, including the role of governments. Based on interviews with representatives of universities, companies, and governments in two countries (i.e., Portugal and Spain), this research focused on how innovation partnerships are formed as well as what obstacles to cooperation can arise. The results show that governments can play the role not only of a financier and legislator but also of a direct participant in innovation by entering into partnerships with the other Triple Helix actors. In addition, this study revealed that, irrespective of which partners and needs are in question, these networks operate mostly with public funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research seeks to identify the factors that best explain the performance of regional innovation in Europe, in the era of smart specialization. Data were collected from the Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2016 and a quantitative methodology was followed using linear regressions as statistical methods. The results allowed us to reach four explanatory models of performance innovation for Innovative Regions Leader, Strong, Moderate and Modest. Some policies have also been suggested as possible regional innovation measures that can help policy makers to clarify and improve the innovation performance of these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This paper focuses on the issue of global competitive advantage of nations, based on the dimensions analyzed by the World Economic Forum in assessing the economic competitiveness of a large sample of countries. From the different stages of development of the countries, this study aims to help us to recognize what variables better explain the global competitive advantage of economies.Design/methodology/approach Following quantitative analysis, results based on PLS show what dimensions within each economic development stage best explain the global competitive advantage of economies.Findings Beyond the institutions, infrastructure and regulation of the markets, higher education and training, the technological readiness, the business sophistication and innovation contribute greatly to explain the competitive advantage of economies.Originality/value Understanding the drivers of global competitive advantage of nations, this study may help academics to conduct new studies, as well as politicians to define intervention priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sought to analyse the dynamics underlying university technology transfer and commercialisation mechanisms. We adopt a qualitative research methodology, which incorporates different case studies, interviews and applied research of the actors involved in universities, business incubators and start-ups. While limited to three case studies, this paper does highlight the technology transfer mechanisms and the support provided to commercialisation, including the identification of the difficulties and opportunities present within the context of cooperation networks. By surveying those running incubators and incubator company managers in conjunction with analysis of research, development and innovation (RDI) cooperative projects backed by European funding, we were able to gain insights into the different processes of transferring and commercialising technology. Falling within the framework of the third component of universities' mission, this article demonstrates not only the importance of RDI cooperation networks but also how the consequent commercialisation of new products and services generates positive consequences for economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of public organisations, this research explores the effect that a collectivism-based organizational culture may have on employee commitment (EC) from a triple perspective - affective, normative, and continuance. A sample of 214 employees of public organisations in Spain was used, and the data were analysed through the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The findings show that the prevalence of collectivism in public organisations favours higher levels of employees' commitment. Such commitment can be seen in the employees' intention to remain in the organisation to provide their services or their emotional attachment. The following research contributes to expanding upon HRM-literature in several ways. First, it assumes a broader view of social exchange theory, highlighting EC's importance when planning HRM in the public sector. Second, it considers the cultural environment (i.e., collectivism-based organisational culture) of public entities as determinants of procommitment policies or policies governing public employees. • Effect of collectivism-based organizational culture on employee commitment. • Employee commitment from a triple perspective - affective, normative, and continuance. • Prevalence of collectivism in public organisations favours higher levels of employees' commitment. • Cultural environment of public entities as determinants of policies governing public employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation systems can play a decisive part in the globally coordinated efforts towards creating a sustainable future. However, the research that bridges national innovation systems and sustainability is scant. This study seeks to contribute to bridging this gap by exploring the relationships between national innovation systems and environmental sustainability at the country level. The multiple regression analysis shows that developed national innovation systems can enhance environmental sustainability at the country level, which should be accompanied by a transition towards sustainable consumption behavior and business practices. This study suggests that developing national innovation systems to foster environmental sustainability should encompass systemic changes that nurture and mold the multiple national innovation systems' factors and enable (environmentally) sustainable outputs. Implications of the findings for policy, theory, and management are discussed before concluding with the study's limitations and suggestions for future research. • This study explores the relationships between NIS and environmental sustainability. • The impact of NIS on environmental sustainability at the country level is twofold. • NIS can play a decisive role towards an environmentally sustainable future. • Environmentally sustainable consumption behavior and business practices are needed. • Systemic changes that foster NIS′ environmentally sustainable outputs are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable banking is an issue that has been growing in importance around the world since the 2008 global crisis. Because the banking system is a major economic and financial intermediary, it has a significant impact on diverse stakeholders. In this context, understanding the determinants of long-term survival of the banking industry appears to be important to ensuring sustainable banking. Based on a constructivist stance, this study sought to identify sustainability strategies in the banking industry through a combination of fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) and the system dynamics (SD) approach. The main goal is to develop an easily understood model of sustainable banking to help decision makers analyze the dynamics of the cause-and-effect relationships between determinants of sustainable banking and project long-term scenarios. The insights obtained were derived from two group sessions with a panel of decision makers who deal with banking processes on a daily basis and were validated by the Director of the technical unit for sustainability of Millennium BCP, one of the largest banking corporations in Portugal. Static and dynamic analyses were also carried out, the results of which support the study's main conclusions and reinforce the relevance of the proposed dual methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]