Search

To effectively manage turbine blade weight and blade deflection under severe weather conditions, longer and stiffer blades are required, fiber glass producers have devoted significant efforts to developing and commercializing high‐modulus (HM) glass fiber products of the first generation. The current focuses aim at the commercialization of the second generation and the development of the third‐generation products. This article briefly reviews four key areas: (a) the benefit of longer blades on wind energy generation, (b) characteristics of HM glass fibers of various generations, (c) fundamental science and understanding behind HM glass fiber development, and (d) finally statistically based composition (C)–property (P) and structure (S)–property (P) modeling approaches in new glass design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Filament winding method is the most commonly used method to produce profiles with different cross sections as composite product manufacturing. In this method, fiber material is wound with resin at different angles on a mold that has a suitable cross section shape. As a winding strategy, angled and helical winding can be done. Motion planning for this process is done with geodesic and nongeodesic theories. Requirement to use mold in the filament winding method increases the cost. Also, there is an obligation to helical windings. In winding of different layers, 90° angle cannot be given between the layers. To overcome all these constraints, UV curing can be achieved using photopolymer resin and continuous fiber glass fiber with the help of robotic additive manufacturing technology. Toolpath strategies for production has a key role in this work. As a tool path strategy, nonplanar slicing can be done and manufactured composite elbow in angular layers without mold. Then, under favour of 6-axis mobility of the industrial robot arm, layers can be obtained at exactly 90° angle. In addition, in this method, unlike other winding methods, internal voids, i.e. a filling rate, can be given within the cylindrical encircled layers. In order to verify whether the elbows produced with this method meet the requirements of the desired applications in the industry in terms of mechanical properties, at different filling rates (50%, 75%, 100%), winding turns (0 and 1/8), and different fiber densities (45%, 55% and 65%) 90° curved composite elbows were produced and their internal pressure strength tests were tested. Afterwards, an optimization study was carried out with the Taguchi method for the production parameters that will maximize the internal pressure strength. According to the results of the optimization study, it is seen that it is appropriate to choose the printing parameters that will obtain the highest internal pressure strength values for production with this method, 100% fill rate, 65% fiber density and 0° winding angle. The products made of this process have the advantage of easy-shaping, reasonable ratio of axial strength and encircled strength, specification easy-unifying, stable product quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, three mathematical models were designed, the first consisting of concrete, the second from carbon fiber, and the third from s-glass fiber, in order to compare the strength of composite materials to different stresses and deformations, because composite materials are better than concrete in terms of weight and shape and do not need to be applied to painting operations in addition to the fact that their thermal insulation is higher than Concrete in high proportions. From the results of the comparison, it was found that the second model was the best model in terms of bearing deformations, as the deformation percentage in it did not exceed the deformation of concrete a lot, reaching (17%), which is a very small percentage, and the stresses towards pregnancy for the second and third models were much better than the bearing of the first model, but the results indicate that the Von Mises Stress in the second model is higher than the first model by a percentage (57%), while the comparison of the third model with the first was the rate of increase percentage (47%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D printing technology has gradually taken its place in many sectors. However, expected performance cannot be obtained from the structural parts with this method due to the raw material properties and constraints of Cartesian motion systems. This technology cannot replace structural parts produced by traditional manufacturing methods. In order to avoid these constraints, it is preferred to use continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites in many areas such as automotive and aerospace industries due to their low weight and high specific strength properties. These automated composite manufacturing methods currently have limited production of geometric shapes due to the need for additional molds and production as flat surfaces. To overcome all these constraints, fiberglass reinforced ultraviolet ray-curing polymer matrix composite material are selected for robotic 3 D printing process and various parameters are examined. Fiber-polymer combination and layer structure formation was examined. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of sections of 3 D printed test samples were taken and fiber resin curing was examined. The nozzle diameter, printing speed, fiber density and Ultra Violet (UV) light intensity parameters, which will provide effective 3 D printing process, are optimized with the Taguchi method. Tensile strength, flexural strength and izod impact values are considered as result parameters for optimization. It was found that it would be appropriate for 3D printing with a 1.0 mm nozzle diameter, 600 tex fiber density, 4 UV light, 600 mm/min printing speed. With these 3D printing process parameters, approximately 125 MPa tensile strength and 450 MPa flexural strength can be obtained. With this study, support and contribution was provided to researchers, composite producers, tool manufacturer and literature who want to use and develop this 3D printing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of the polymeric composite hybrid type interply reinforced with glass fibers GF and carbon fibers CF with the structure of the material consisting of: a) three layers CF:GF with the sequence [CF/GF/CF]; b) five layers CF:GF with the sequence: 1) [CF/GF/CF/GF/CF] and 2) [CF/CF/GF/CF/CF]. The GF:CF hybrid biocomposite interply type is made using the working methodology based on the Liquid resin Infusion (LRI) and Vacuum infusion techniques. The general mechanical properties are evaluated experimentally using standard tensile and bending tests using five specimens made according to ASTM standards. Based on the experimental results and the diagrams obtained at the tensile and bending tests of the hybrid polymeric biocomposite type interply comparisons are made regarding the mechanical properties of the composite for each type of structure. The general results confirm, from a mechanical point of view, the usefulness of this type of composite for engineering and biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the decade since the last published comprehensive report of occupational exposures in the glass wool insulation industry, many process and regulatory changes have occurred in the glass wool manufacturing sector. This paper assesses whether any significant changes in worker exposures to glass wool fibers have resulted from these process and regulatory changes. The analysis compares worker exposures to glass wool overall and across different product and job categories in the manufacturing sector prior to and after 2007, the data cutoff period for the last comprehensive update of occupational exposures in this industry. The exposure data were downloaded from the North American Insulation Manufacturers Association's synthetic vitreous fiber (SVF) exposure database, which has been continually updated with all new available SVF exposure data for the past two decades. This analysis finds no major changes in worker exposures in the glass wool manufacturing industry over the past decade, with exposures remaining well below the 1 f/cc voluntary permissible exposure limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lightweight, glass fiber reinforced plastic composites (GFRP) have gained a broad, global acceptance in commercial markets, among which wind turbine blade for the renewable energy sector is one of the fastest growing areas. The usfsupplee of longer wind turbine blades can effectively reduce the cost of energy generation. However, it requires a fiberglass product with a higher tensile modulus to make the blades stiffer to meet the blade deflection requirement under severe weather conditions. Traditional wind turbine blades are made from conventional E-Glass fibers with and without boron. E-Glass is primarily composed of CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (CAS) with and without minor components of MgO (less than 4 %) and/or B 2 O 3 (less than 1 %). Glass with higher modulus belongs to MgO (>7 %) -CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (MCAS) system or R-Glass. Our study focuses on the effects of selective key oxides on the glass network structure by using Raman spectroscopic technique. The Raman derived plausible structure groups are then used to build statistical structure (S) – property (P) models. The S-P models are then compared with the conventional statistical C-P models. A good agreement between S-P and C-P models led to the final construction of C-S-P model platform for future glass design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexural properties were evaluated of blockboard with spruce (Picea abies Mill) core and faces made of 2.5-mm fromager (Ceiba pentandra) veneer and 3-mm high-density fiberboard (HDF). For these two types of structures, fiber glass, jute, gauze, and cotton fabrics, were separately bonded under the face layers to improve the strength performance. Flexural properties, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were determined under laboratory conditions. Improved values were found for MOR and MOE tested in the parallel to core grain direction compared to those perpendicular-to-grain. They were 32% to 49% (MOR) and 39% to 95% (MOE) improvements in case of veneer faces and 142% to 161% (MOR) and 134% to 245% (MOE) improvements in case of HDF faces. The best results of MOR and MOE were obtained for glass fiber used as insertion material, the higher ones being reached for specimens tested in the parallel direction to grain, which were 56.1 N/mm² (MOR) and 6704 N/mm² (MOE) for HDF faces. Generally, the improvements were more evident on the blockboard structures with veneer faces oriented perpendicular-to-core grain (30% for MOR and 18% MOE) and for HDF faces with parallel core grain orientation (16% for MOR and 6% MOE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glasses and/or glass fibers of a new glass system, RE 2 O 3 (RE = Sc,Y, La)-MgO-CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 , were studied in detail, covering rare earth (RE) effects on high temperature viscosity, liquidus temperature and crystalline phases, softening and glass transition temperature, and speciation reactions of aluminum (AlO x , x = 4, 5) and silicate network (Q n , n  = 4, 3, 2) using 27 Al and 29 Si MAS NMR and Raman spectroscopic methods. Rare earth oxides (RE 2 O 3 ) were shown to have a dual functionality, i.e., decreasing melt viscosity like a network modifier depolymerizing glass network, but increasing viscosity at low temperature, i.e., glass softening temperature (T soft ) and transition temperature (T g ), strengthening the glass network functioning like Al 2 O 3 . Liquidus temperature (T Liq ) was found to be sensitive to the type of RE 2 O 3 modifications in terms of their ionic field strength (IFS); Sc 3+ of the highest IFS increased, but La 3+ of the lowest IFS decreased T Liq . Effect of Y 3+ (intermediate IFS) on T Liq resembles Sc 3+ only at higher concentration. The overall results suggest that RE ions of different IFS have different “true” solubility limits in the host glass matrix, above which RE 2 Si 2 O 7 crystallizes. All of the glasses with and without RE 2 O 3 contained predominately four-fold coordinated aluminum, AlO 4 ; yet replacement of CaO by RE 2 O 3 increased AlO 5 according to 27 Al MQMAS NMR spectroscopic measurements. Raman spectroscopic results suggested that depolymerization of the silicate network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The spinnability of glass fiber is discussed in terms of stability and viscosity of glass melt. • Glass fibers were obtained under two process conditions and their mechanical properties were tested. • The relationship between the glass fiber strength and the structure of the glass network and the process conditions was briefly investigated In this paper, the structure, thermal stability, spinnability and fiber tensile strength of the CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glasses with SiO 2 replaced by Al 2 O 3 were studied by FT-IR, DSC, dilatometry, rotating viscometer and tensile strength. Results show that with the molar ratio of Al 2 O 3 to SiO 2 (A/S) increasing, the polymerization degree of glass network structure increases, which results in a significant rise of T g and thermal stability parameters (ΔT, S). The characteristic temperatures and fragility of glassy melts derived from viscosity tests and the MYEGA model increase with the ascent of A/S. The fiber spinnability parameters (T l -T log3 , K fib) show a different trend as the A/S increases, but both indicating the feasibility of continuous fiberglass production, confirmed by experiments. The fiber tensile strength increases as the A/S increases or the fiber diameter decreases. Furthermore, with the same fiber diameter, the glass fiber produced at higher spinning temperature exhibits higher tensile strength [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I have built a composite sample made from glass fiber as reinforcement and Aropol as matrix. For this sample, I have used an experimental procedure to determine the damping properties and the frequency of the first eigenmode. The experimental process is characterized by clamping the bar at one end and leaving it free at the other. At the free end, I have placed an accelerometer to record the bar free vibrations. I have applied an initial force, then I have removed the force and left the sample to vibrate without any other restrictions. From these vibrations I have determined the damping factor and the eigenfrequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have built some composite bars with the reinforcement made by fiber glass which is randomly disposed and the matrix made by ambresit. Then, in order to study the samples free vibrations, we have clamped the bars at one end and we left the other free. At about 5 mm from the free end, we have placed an accelerometer and an initial deformation to the bar. Then, by removing the initial deformation we left the bar to freely vibrate. From these vibrations we have determined the bars damping factor and eigenfrequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass fiber weavings are used in the manufacturing of boat, pipe, airplanes and in the automotive industry in the form of composite. Weavings are also used in the manufacturing of wind turbine blades, while glass fiber rovings are used in the production of biaxial (±45°, 0°/90°), triaxial (0°/±45°, -45°/90°/+45°) and quadriaxial (0°/-45°/90°/+45°) weavings. Glass fiber roving used in the production of weavings should be compatible with different resins like unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester or epoxy. Therefore, various chemicals which enhance compatibility between the glass fiber and the matrix resin should be considered in case of developing such rovings. During the latter production a mixture of chemicals are applied to the fiber which is called sizing. Sizing improves the integrity of the glass fiber strands (film former), the lubricity among strands (lubricating agent) and the bond formation between the matrix and the glass fiber filaments (coupling agent). Sizing also prevents oxidation of the film former (antioxidants) and inhibits static electricity (antistatic agents) appearance. The specifications of the new direct roving should be assigned prior to the development of a glass fiber roving for weaving applications. The sizing design requires the choice of the sizing components based on the specifications which is then followed by trials running. Trial roving products are tested, the results are compared to target specifications and the corrections required are consequently introduced. Also, different matrices are used to make composites with trial roving in order to compare the mechanical properties acquired. Afterwards, the weaving manufacturer will produce multiaxial weaving using the direct roving trial product. Furthermore, to check the final properties of the weaving samples, composites with different matrices are made and the mechanical properties of the trial weaving are checked and compared to those of weavings from other roving sources. This study reports the development of an appropriate roving for weaving application and its commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Although metal implants have successfully been used for decades, devices made out of metals do not meet all clinical requirements, for example, metal objects may interfere with some new medical imaging systems, while their stiffness also differs from natural bone and may cause stress-shielding and over-loading of bone. Methods Peer-review articles and other scientific literature were reviewed for providing up-dated information how fiber-reinforced composites and bioactive glass can be utilized in implantology. Results There has been a lot of development in the field of composite material research, which has focused to a large extent on biodegradable composites. However, it has become evident that biostable composites may also have several clinical benefits. Fiber reinforced composites containing bioactive glasses are relatively new types of biomaterials in the field of implantology. Biostable glass fibers are responsible for the load-bearing capacity of the implant, while the dissolution of the bioactive glass particles supports bone bonding and provides antimicrobial properties for the implant. These kinds of combination materials have been used clinically in cranioplasty implants and they have been investigated also as oral and orthopedic implants. Significance The present knowledge suggests that by combining glass fiber-reinforced composite with particles of bioactive glass can be used in cranial implants and that the combination of materials may have potential use also as other types of bone replacing and repairing implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an experimental study of coalescing filters for separating oil from compressed air in industrial systems. A test bench for measuring filter efficiency was set up which reproduces several typical operating conditions of pneumatic systems. Tests were carried out on commercial products, using filters of different sizes as well as several borosilicate cartridges of similar size and shape. Preliminary analysis of cartridges indicated significant differences in glass fiber dimensions and binder composition. Test results made it possible to compare performance achieved by the different configurations in terms of efficiency and pressure drop. Further measurements were repeated with different cartridge supply system geometries. One of the tested filter-cartridge-supply system configurations was then used to investigate system behavior while varying certain operating parameters individually: air velocity, oil concentration, filter supply pressure, and operating time. Results are presented in statistical form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to identify the effects on the lung after subchronic glass fiber intratracheal instillation study on rats. We evaluated the toxicological effects on the lung: persistent inflammatory reaction, cell proliferation, and pulmonary fibrosis on histopathological examination. We performed a glass fiber intratracheal instillation study on total 32 Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups: three test groups exposed to different doses of glass fiber and one control group. One week after the end of the exposure period, all animals were euthanized. The histopathological examination of the lung performed in this study followed both distribution of the lesions through the multilevel biopsies that were taken and the inflammatory profile using both hematoxilin-eozin and Sirius red staining. The inflammatory lesions described for the first group were minimal/slight (grade I) and the total score was between 0 and 10 points (mean value = 3). For the second group, the inflammatory lesions were moderate/marked (grade II) with discrete collagen proliferation and discrete fibrosis and the total score ranged between 11 and 20 points (mean value = 11,250). For the third group, the described inflammatory lesions were massive with total score ranging between 21 and 30 points with collagen deposition, pulmonary and pleural fibrosis, and lung emphysema (mean value = 21,750) and no lesion in control group (with statistically significant difference P ≤ .001). This study of fiber glass intratracheal instillation of three different doses demonstrates that exposure to fiber glass is responsible for the development of persistent inflammatory response and a large range of hystopathological lesions which correlate to the administered dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Fiberglass (FG) is the largest category of man --made mineral fibers. Many types of FG are manufactured for specific uses building insulation, air handling, and sound absorption. Because of increasing use and potential for widespread human exposure, a chronic toxicity instillation study was conducted in Wistar rats, which were found to be sensitive to the induction of mesotheliomas with another MMVF. Aim. The present study is focused on the effect of fiber glass on lung through intratracheal exposure, the analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage and measurement of IL 8 levels, lymphocytes number and histopathological finding after the exposure period. Material and method. Four groups of 8 female Wistar rats were included in the study. The animals were divided into three groups of 8 each, exposed to different doses of FG and one control group. The first group (1-8) was exposed to 6 mg dose/0.2 ml saline 5 days/week for 10 weeks, the second (9-16) group was exposed to 10 mg/0.2 ml saline 5 days/week 10 weeks, the third group (17-24) was exposed to 12 mg FG/0.2 ml saline solution 5 days/week 10 weeks and the control group (25-32) was exposed to the same volume of saline. The fibers had been size selected to be rat respirable. At the end of the exposure period of 10 weeks the rats were killed one week after the last exposure. Following preparation of the lungs, they were lavaged with 2x5 ml saline without massage. The lavage fluid was collected in calibrated tubes and harvested volume was recorded. Supernatant was obtained after centrifugation at 1,500 r.p.m for 5 minutes and IL8 levels and lymphocytes number were measured. Results. The IL8 levels were found to be dose related; the first group had values ranging from 10 to 19.8 pg/ml and the total lymphocytes number in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ranging from 1,500-1,900 and minimal/slight inflammatory lesions. The second group had the IL8 levels ranging between 60.4-80.4 pg/ml, lymphocytes number between 680-881 and moderate to marked inflammatory lesions. For the third group the IL8 values ranged between 88.3-113.2, the lymphocytes number ranged between 241-342 and the histopathological findings were marked and severe including emphysema, lung and pleural fibrosis. The control group had IL8 values between 10-19.4, there were no lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage and no histopathological findings. Conclusion. These findings indicate that IL8 levels were dose related and IL8 levels have an inverse correlation with lymphocytes count in BAL, also correlated with the histopathological findings for the studied groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: After a first R&D and testing activity to develop and characterize by tensile and creep tests a high strength glass fiber-epoxy composite as reference material for the manufacture of ITER pre-compression rings, ENEA designed and manufactured a dedicated testing facility and different sub-scale composite ring mock-ups in order to characterize their mechanical properties. The paper reports the results of the overall testing activities performed during the last years on a total number of eleven sub-scale pre-compression ring mock-ups manufactured by winding S2 glass fibers on a diameter of 1m (1/5 of the full scale) both by vacuum pressure epoxy impregnation (VPI) and filament wet winding techniques (WW). The first three rings were manufactured by ENEA Frascati thanks to a particular VPI technique; one of them was used as base composite material to manufacture different sets of specimens for shear, compression and non destructive tests (NDT). Then, five other mock-ups were manufactured following ENEA VPI process and three using WW technique by two different industrial companies. The rings were tested in ENEA Frascati in a dedicated hydraulic testing machine consisting of 18 radial actuators working in position control with a total load capability of 1000tons. The complete testing campaign consisted of six ultimate tensile strength (UTS) tests and four stress relaxation (SR) tests. The tests demonstrated that the composite (S2 glass-epoxy) is a valid and viable solution for the ITER pre-compression rings (non conductive, non magnetic, capable to work at high stress level without relaxation). UTS tests showed an overall average ultimate strength of 1550MPa (mean hoop stress in the cross section) and a constant hoop modulus to failure of all the mock-ups. Stress relaxation tests did not show any significant relaxation at different stress levels and durations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Inorganic fibers form part of the complex mixture of environmental pollutants in Mexico City and in general locations. Upon entering the lungs, some of those fibers are transformed into ferruginous bodies (FB) that can be used as biological markers of exposure to fibers. Hence, the objectives of this study were, first, to describe the most frequent types of FB found in the lungs, and second, to determine the elemental composition of the cores of some of those FB. A total of 264 lung samples collected from autopsies performed at the National Institutes of Health in Mexico City were analyzed. The FB were obtained by digesting the samples in commercial bleach and all the FB were then collected in 0.45 µm Millipore membranes. All the FB obtained from each case were counted directly under bright field microscopy, and then classified by morphology. Results showed from 14.5 FB/g in Category 1 (housewives), to 50.2 FB/g for samples from Category 5 (construction workers), and 152 FB/g for Category 6 (miners). Significant differences were found upon comparing samples from Categories 5/6 to Category 1 ( p < 0.05). Type 1 FB were the most frequent ones seen in the samples from Categories 1 to 5. Elemental analyses of the cores of several FB found aluminosilicates, fiberglass, tremolite and amosite asbestos among others. In conclusion, residents of Mexico show exposures to a variety of fibers that induce FB including asbestos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Three types of the leached fiber glass materials of silicate origin modified with Zr, Al and rare earth metals (REM) were nitridated with ammonia at temperatures ranging from 673 to 973K. DRIFTS (Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy) and H/D exchange using ND3 were applied for characterization of the formed NHx species. Along with nitridation of silanol groups their dehydroxilation as well as hydrolysis of NHx species take place. In situ DRIFTS study showed that the limiting steps are slow chemical reactions, but not a diffusion of NH3 or H2O molecules in the bulk of glasses. The concept on strained siloxane bridges formed due to dehydroxylation of two adjacent silanol groups was used for explanation of the reaction kinetics features. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The present study aims to offer a new methodology for consuming two industrial wastes; sulfur, from petroleum and natural gas industries, and cement kiln dust (CKD), from Portland cement industries, in construction industry. Sulfur solidified cement kiln dust material (SSCKDM) was manufactured by mixing molten sulfur, treated sulfur, CKD and sand at a controlled temperature in excess of 120°C. The hot mixture was subsequently cast and shaped into the desired mold and was then allowed to solidify at a specified cooling rate. Solidified materials were immersed for time periods up to 28 days in distilled water at different temperatures of 25 and 60°C, sea water, and acidic and basic universal buffer solutions of pH4 and pH9, respectively. Solidified material performance as function of time and type of aqueous solution exposed to was evaluated in view of compressive strength variations and leachability of metal and heavy metal ions. The results indicated that the solidified articles exhibit homogenous and compact internal microstructure with excellent mechanical properties. However, it showed durability problem upon exposure to aqueous solution environments due to the initial chemical composition of the CKD, whose leached test showed release of relatively high amounts of sulfates and alkali metals. Durability of SSCKDM articles in relation to strength reduction and crack formations control was improved by addition of glass fiber while, the use of anti-leaching agent such as anhydrous sodium sulfide resulted in reduction of leached heavy metals without any measurable decrease in leached amounts of alkali metals and anions from the solidified matrix. Furthermore, based on leachability index method of calculation, potential chemical mobility of metal and heavy metal ions from the solidified matrix was characterized as medium. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this study, the variation of top load strength of the concrete pipes containing %0.2, 0.4 and %0.6 fiber-glass (by weight) has been investigated. The concrete pipes have been tested according to the standard procedures (TS 821 EN 1916). From these tests, it is observed that the fracture load of the concrete pipes containing fiberglass is more than that of the concrete pipes without containing fiber-glass. The top loads of the concrete pipes have increased when the fiber-glass rate is increased. In addition, the top pressure load of the concrete pipes obtained under the same conditions was investigated after the pipes in which flew the sewage and rain water were waited under the soil during one year. According to the obtained results, it is seen that after twenty eight days the top load strength concrete pipes containing % 0.6 fiber-glass has been increased % 21.54 and after one year the top load strength of the concrete pipes containing the same fiber-glass has been increased % 27.40. The load-displacement curves have been drawn depending on the test results. It is also seen that the displacement and the fracture load of the concrete pipes have been increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the load bearing behavior of concrete structures which are subject to bending and tensile stresses, a steel reinforcement is, in general, applied. For reasons of corrosion protection, the steel reinforcement requires a concrete cover with a thickness of several centimeters. The demand for corrosion-resistant thin-walled parts is a motivation for the application of alternative reinforcement materials. Within the scope of the Collaborative Research Centre “SFB 532” the application of textiles made of polymer, carbon, and alkali-resistant (AR) glass filaments in a fine concrete matrix are examined. The long term aim is to reach the filament strength of the immersed textiles as thoroughly as possible. As a consequence of textile manufacturing processes and of bad bond properties, the utilization of AR glass textiles is approximately 30% compared to the material strength. In this paper the possibility of improving the load bearing behavior of textile-reinforced concrete structures through the saturation of textiles and the modification of concrete with liquid polymers is discussed. The increase of the internal bond between the filaments doubled the maximum component load-carrying capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fiber glass (FG) and rock/slag wool (RSW) manufacturers have developed a Health and Safety Partnership Program (HSPP) with the participation and oversight of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Among its many provisions the HSPP includes the continuing study of FG and RSW workplace concentrations in manufacturing facilities operated by FG/RSW producers and among their customers and end users. This analysis estimates the probable cumulative lifetime exposure (fiber-months/cubic centimeter [f-months/cc]) to those who install FG and RSW insulation in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings in Canada and the United States. Both professional and do-it-yourself (DIY) cohorts are studied and the estimated working lifetime exposures are compared with benchmark values derived from an analysis of the epidemiological studies of FG and RSW manufacturing cohorts. The key finding of this analysis is that both of these end-user cohorts are likely to have substantially lower cumulative lifetime exposures than the manufacturing cohorts. As the most recent updates of the epidemiological studies concluded that there was no significant increase in respiratory system cancer among the manufacturing cohorts, there is likely to be even less risk for the installer cohorts. This analysis also underscores the wisdom of stewardship activities in the HSPP, particularly those directed at measuring and controlling exposure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • WC coated fiberglass cloth providing electrode particular substrate and flexibility. • In-situ growth of tentacle-like PPy can extend for wearable electronics application. • A scalable strategy for fiberglass cloth based electrode materials for supercapacitor. • Outstanding electrochemical performances come from sub-micron tentacle-like PPy. Textile-based supercapacitors have attracted much attention due to advantages of excellent flexibility, low-cost and small volume. In this study, a quasi-solid-state flexible supercapacitor was designed and manufactured using wolfram carbide (WC)@fiberglass cloth as substrate and electrodeposition PPy (polypyrrole) on it. The wolfram carbide enhanced the electrical conductivity and wettability of the fiberglass cloth, and PPy grow on WCF through electrochemical deposition can create advantageous ion channel. The fabricated PPy@WCF electrode possesses a high areal specific capacitance of 1796.12 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2, and the as-prepared device shows a high specific capacitance 456.19 mF cm−2, with an excellent energy density of 40.55 μWh cm−2. In addition, the supercapacitor achieves a high capacitance retention of 80.03% after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles and 98.94% after 1000 bending cycles (at the bending angle of 180°). Three devices were connected in series which can power an electronic screen and illume ten LED lights favourably, indicating excellent practical application ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Numerous epidemiological animal model studies have been conducted in order to assess the health effects of man-made vitreous fibers. They have been shown to be responsible for producing lung fibrosis and lung and peritoneal cancer in animal models. Afew large cohort studies were conducted in Europe and the US to assess the health effects offiber glass in production workers and a higher cancer incidence was evidenced Aim. The aim of the study is to assess the usefulness of exhaled biomarkers measurements: exhaled nitric oxide and exhaled carbon monoxide infiber glass workers as indicators ofan inflammatory airway response. Material and methoi'L A total of 42 fiber glass workers were included in this study with a minimum of 5 year exposure period in which FENO and eCO values were measured Also spirometry chest X ray, C reactive protein , fibrinogen, total IgE serum and 1L8 serum levels were determined Results. Increased values of exhaled nitric oxide (over 25 ppb) were found in 43% ofthefiber glass workers and increased values of exhaled carbon monoxide (over 6 ppm) were determined in 26% of the fiber glass workers. A positive correlation was found between the exposure period and FENO values and total IgE values (p<0. 05). A negative correlation coefficient was found between FEF 25-75 predictive values and FENO and total IgE values. Conclusion. These results suggest that exhaled biomarkers can be useful to assess an inflammatory airway response in the occupational environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caprines suffering from long bone fractures were immobilized by plaster of paris and fiber glass cast. Fiber glass cast as external immobilizing technique was considered as a better orthopedic modality than plaster of paris as it provide rigid fixation, light weight, less time consuming and less complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical properties of sandy soil can be effectively improved by the incorporation of water-based polymer and glass fibers. In order to study the reinforcement effects of a type of water-based organic polymer and fiber glass on sand, three strength tests (unconfined compression test, direct shear test and tensile test) and scanning electron microscopy were carried out. A series of polymer content, fiber content and dry density were selected for the tests. The results revealed that the composite reinforcement of water-based organic polymer and fiber glass can improve the strength. With an increase in polymer content and fiber content, the unconfined compression strength, the cohesion, and the tensile strength increase. The internal friction angles maintain a relatively stable state. All three strength properties increase with an increase in dry density. The results can be considered as the reference for sand reinforced engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]