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Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a group of hematopoietic cells devoid of antigen receptors that have important functions in lymphoid organogenesis, in the defense against extracellular pathogens, and in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier. Three distinct groups of ILCs have been identified on the basis of phenotypic and functional criteria and termed ILCs1, ILCs2, and ILCs3. Specifically, ILCs1 express the transcription factor T-bet and secrete T helper type-1- (Th1-) related cytokines, ILCs2 are dependent on the transcription factor RORα and express Gata-3 and the chemokine receptor homologous molecule (CRTH2) and produce Th2-related cytokines, and ILCs3 express the transcription factor RORγt and synthesize interleukin- (IL-) 17, IL-22, and, under specific stimuli, interferon-γ. ILCs represent a relatively small population in the gut, but accumulating evidence suggests that these cells couldplayadecisive role inorchestratingbothprotective and detrimental immune responses. In this review,we will summarize the present knowledge on the distribution of ILCs in the intestinalmucosa, with particular focus on their role in the control of both infections and effector cytokine response in immune-mediated pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim In patients affected by periodontal disease, hypertension and systemic inflammation might cause an arterial hemodynamic derangement; this, in turn, can act as a mediator of the atherogenic process often seen in these patients. This study aimed at a comprehensive hemodynamic evaluation in periodontal patients. Methods Fourty-eight subjects participating to a cardiovascular prevention programme were enrolled. Periodontitis, classical risk factors for atherosclerosis, and shear and tensile forces in both carotid and brachial arteries were evaluated. Calculated periodontal indexes were plaque, gingival and pocket deep ( PD) indexes. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed. Afterwards, 30 of them with normal PD index were compared with 30 carefully - matched patients with periodontitis. Results Brachial and carotid parietal tension were significantly associated with periodontal indexes, especially PD-Sum, in both simple ( r = 0.42, p < 0.001 for carotid artery and r = 0.36, p < 0.02 for brachial artery) and multiple regression analyses. Shear stress gave similar results. In case-control analysis, shear stress was lower by 15% and 30%, respectively, in carotid and brachial artery in patients with high PD; common carotid parietal tension was higher. Arterial stiffness resulted not associated with periodontitis. Conclusions Periodontal disease is associated to a complex atherosclerotic prone hemodynamic derangement, particularly in large elastic arteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This prospective clinical study evaluated the survival rate and the implant-crown success of 201 direct laser metal forming (DLMF) implants in different clinical applications, after short-term follow-up of functional loading. At the 1-year scheduled follow-up examination, several clinical, radiographic, and prosthetic parameters were assessed. Success criteria included absence of pain, sensitivity, suppuration, exudation; absence of implant mobility; absence of continuous peri-implant radiolucency, DIB <1.5 mm; absence of prosthetic complications at the implant-abutment interface. A total of 201 implants (106 maxilla, 95 mandible) were inserted in 62 patients (39 males, 23 females; aged between 26 and 65 years) in eight different clinical centers. The sites included anterior ( n = 79) and posterior ( n = 122) implants. The overall implant survival rate was 99.5%, with one implant loss (maxilla: 99.0%, 1 implant failure; mandible: 100.0%, no implant failures). The mean DIB was 0.4 ± 0.2 mm. Among the survived implants (200), five did not fulfill the success criteria, giving an implant-crown success of 97.5%. This 1-year follow-up prospective clinical study gives evidence of very high survival (99.5%) and success (97.5%) rates using DLMF implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In contrast to the excellent long-term outcomes described for implant-supported mandibular overdentures, less favorable long-term survival and success rates have been reported for maxillary implants supporting overdentures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of 'planned' bar-retained maxillary and mandibular overdentures supported by Morse taper connection implants, investigating implant survival, peri-implant tissue health, marginal bone resorption and prosthetic complications. Material and methods: Over a 2-year period, 60 patients were enrolled in this study, in four different clinical centers. The overdentures (maxilla 38, mandible 34) were planned with support from four implants anchored on a bar. A total of 288 Morse taper connection implants (Leone Implant System®) were inserted (152 maxilla, 136 mandible). Implants were evaluated 5 years after insertion. Success criteria included the absence of pain, suppuration or clinical mobility, the distance between implant shoulder and first crestal bone-implant contact (DIB) <2 mm and no exudate history. Results: The overall 5-year implant survival rate was 98% (maxilla 97.4%, mandible 98.6%), with 282 implants still in function. Among these surviving implants, 278 (98.6%) were classified in the success group. At the 5-year examination, the mean DIB was 0.7 mm (±0.53). Few prosthetic complications were reported. Conclusions: With 'planned' bar-retained maxillary and mandibular overdentures supported by Morse taper connection implants, satisfactory survival and success rate can be achieved. To cite this article: Mangano C, Mangano F, Shibli JA, Ricci M, Sammons R, Figliuzzi M. Morse taper connection implants supporting 'planned' maxillary and mandibular bar-retained overdentures: a 5-year prospective multicenter study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 22, 2011; 1117-1124 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02079.x [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]