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Highlights • Under NaCl stress, the grapevine rootstocks which had strong salt resistance intercepted more amounts of Na+ in roots, and promoted the transport of K+ to shoots. • Salt stress significantly up-regulated the expression of VvNHXP and VvHKT family genes in A15 and A17 roots, while in male parent SO4 roots was generally lower. • The grapevine rootstocks with higher salt tolerance had stronger ability to accelerate Na+ efflux and retain K+ in roots. Abstract The problem of soil salinization is increasing critically in China. The widespread rootstock Beta (V. labrusca × V. riparia) is relatively weak (Du et al., 2015), and the commonly used phylloxera-resistance rootstocks were still unable to satisfy the needs of production as well. F1 hybrids A15 and A17 of V. amurensis Rupr. cv. Zuoshan-1×SO4 (V. berlandieri × V. riparia) had strong salt tolerance were irrigated with 100 mmol·L−1 NaCl to explore the salt resistance mechanisms, the male parent SO4 was used as reference. The result showed that root activity was higher under salinity conditions in A15 and A17, with a more complete chloroplast structure investigated than that of SO4 under the NaCl treatment. Na+ accumulations in leaves and the whole plant of A15 and A17 were lower than SO4, whereas the Na+ retention capacity in roots were higher than SO4. The total amount of Na+ and K+ of roots and aboveground portion of grafted plants A15/SO4, SO4/A15, A17/SO4, and SO4/A17 further confirmed that stronger root Na+ retention capacity and upward transport of K+ of A15 and A17 under NaCl treatment. The non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) manifested that A15 and A17 had a higher Na+ exclusion ability and a better root K+ retention ability; salt stress significantly up-regulated the relative expression of VvNHXP and VvHKT family genes in roots of A15 and A17. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a type of glia from the mammalian olfactory system, with neuroprotective and regenerative properties. β-Amyloid peptides are a major component of the senile plaques characteristic of the Alzheimer brain. The amyloid beta (Aβ) precursor protein is cleaved to amyloid peptides, and Aβ is regarded to be the functional domain of Aβ, responsible for its neurotoxic properties. It has been reported that Aβ triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage, altering the structure and function of mitochondria, leading to the activation of the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Our goal is to investigate the effects of OECs on the toxicity of aggregated Aβ, in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. For such purpose, SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with Aβ and OEC-conditioned medium (OECCM). OECCM promoted the cell viability and reduced the apoptosis, and decreased the intracellular ROS and the lipid peroxidation. In the presence of OECCM, mRNA and protein levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD1 and SOD2) were upregulated. Concomitantly, OECCM decreased mRNA and the protein expression levels of cytochrome c, caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bax in SH-SY5Y cells, and increased mRNA and the protein expression level of Bcl-2. However, OECCM did not alter intracellular Ca concentration in SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, our data suggest that OECCM ameliorates Aβ-induced oxidative damage in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. These data provide new insights into the functional actions of OECCM on oxidative stress-induced cell damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new high-selectivity and high-sensitivity copper (II) sensor F2 based on benzimidazole derivatives was designed and synthesized. • The synthesis process of F2 is simple and environmentally friendly. • F2 shows "naked-eye" and fluorescence "turn-off" response for Cu2+. • The mechanism of action of F2 on Cu2+ may be ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT). • A test strips of F2 was prepared to detect Cu2+ quickly and easily. • F2 has been used for ultra-sensitive IMPLICATION logic gates. Reversible dual channel sensor F2 for detection Cu2+ is designed and synthesized. F2 is substantially unaffected by other cationic ions during the recognition of Cu2+. It is worth noting that the low detection limit of sensor F2 is 9.09 × 10−9, and the detection limit is lower that to the reported sensor for identifying Cu2+. Through various experiments and characterization, it is proved that ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT) is the interaction mechanism between F2 and Cu2+. It is further certified that the stoichiometry between F2 and Cu2+ is 1:1. In addition, the fluorescence changes of F2 upon the addition of Cu2+ and EDTA are applied as an ultrasensitive IMPLICATION logic gate at the molecular level. At the same time, molecular keyboard experiments have achieved information protection at the molecular level. More importantly, the test strips containing F2 can be easily and quickly tested to achieve on-site inspection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We designed and synthesized a carboxylic acid-functionalized coumarin derivative sensor F3, which has a dual-channel response to CN− in DMSO/H2O (2:3, v/v) solution with a fluorescence detection limit of 3.09 × 10–8 M. After adding AcOH to F3-CN system, the fluorescence of the system recovered to its initial state, so F3 is a reversible fluorescence chemical sensor. Based on this, we applied it to the ultrasensitive IMPLICATION logic gate. In addition, we made a test strips that can be used to quickly and conveniently detect CN−. According to various characteristics and applications of F3, it can be concluded that sensor F3 is a promising sensor. The detection methods have strong anti-interference ability, convenient use, fast response speed and low detection limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple selective colorimetric and fluorimetric chemosensor RD based on Rhodamine B hydrazone derivatives was designed and synthesized, which showed both colorimetric and fluorescence responses for cyanide and Cu2+ in aqueous solution with specific selectivity and high sensitivity. In the presence of cyanide, the sensor exhibited a visible color change from colorless to pale yellow by naked–eyes and rapidly produced a strong yellow fluorescence in aqueous solution. The detection limit on fluorescence response of RD sensor to CN− is down to 3.54 × 10−7 M. In addition, compared to other metal ions such as Fe3+, Hg2+, Ag+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Cr3+, Zn2+ and Mg2+ in aqueous solutions, RD could show both colorimetric and fluorescence responses rapidly for Cu2+. Notably, this sensor can be used as a molecular switch controlled by CN− and H+ cyclically. Test strips based on RD were fabricated that could be used as a convenient and efficient CN− and Cu2+ test kits. RD could detect cyanide in germinated potato, bitter almond and tap water. This chemosensor enabled detection of two ions, which do not need to rely on two different sensors. A novel cyanide and Cu2+ specifically selective and highly sensitive chemosensor RD based on Rhodamine B hydrazone derivatives had been designed and synthesized. Unlabelled Image • Sensor RD is based on Rhodamine B hydrazone derivatives. • Sensor RD demonstrates specifically selective "naked-eye" recognition and fluorescence "turn-on" response for CN− and Cu2+in aqueous solution. • Sensor RD has been detected successfully CN− in germinated potato, bitter almond and tap water. • Test strips of RD were prepared and convenient and rapidly detected CN− and Cu2+. • Sensor RD can dual channel recognition for CN− and Cu2+in aqueous, which has the feasibility of practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel mercury specifically selective and highly sensitive chemosensor SD based on Rhodamine B hydrazone derivatives had been designed and synthesized. • Sensor SD demonstrates selective "naked-eye" recognition and fluorescence "turn-on" response for Hg2+ in aqueous solution. • Sensor SD has been detected successfully Hg2+ in tap water. • Test strips of SD were prepared and convenient and rapidly detected Hg2+. A novel chemical sensor SD based on Rhodamine B hydrazide derivative was designed and synthesized, which displayed both colorimetric and "turn-on" fluorescence responses for Hg2+ in DMSO/H 2 O (1 : 9, v/v) solution. In the presence of mercury ions, the sensor SD showed an obvious change in color from colorless to distinct rose red by naked eyes and rapidly provided bright orange fluorescence under UV lamp in the aqueous solution. The detection limit on fluorescence response of SD to Hg2+ was as low as 2.71 × 10−7M. Compared to other metal ions such as Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Ag+, Ca2+and Mg2+, SD could only selectively recognizes Hg2+.The results of the Job's plot and infrared spectra analysis suggested that the combined stoichiometry between SD and Hg2+ was 1:1. Notably, SD could be used as molecular switch controlled by EDTA and Hg2+ cyclically. In addition, SD -based test strips were produced which could be used as a convenient and efficient Hg2+ test kits. SD also could qualitatively detect Hg2+ in tap water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) against amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this beneficial effect. SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing SOD3 were generated by adenoviral vector-mediated infection and Aβ was then added to the cell culture system to establish an in vitro model of oxidative stress. Cell viability, the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, the levels of lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA), the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes and calcium images were examined. Following Aβ exposure, SOD3 overexpression promoted the survival of SH-SY5Y cells, decreased the production of ROS, decreased MDA and calcium levels, and decreased cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax gene expression. Furthermore, SOD3 overexpression increased the expression and activity of antioxidant enzyme genes and Bcl-2 expression. Together, our data demonstrate that SOD3 ameliorates Aβ-induced oxidative damage in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial pathway. These data provide new insights into the functional actions of SOD3 on oxidative stress-induced cell damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) against hydrogen peroxide (HO) induced damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this beneficial effect. SOD3-overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells were generated by adenoviral vector-mediated infection, and HO was then added into the cell culture system to establish an in vitro model of oxidative stress. Cell viability, the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, the levels of lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA), the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes, and calcium imaging were examined. Following HO exposure, the over-expression of SOD3 promoted the survival of SH-SY5Y cells; decreased the production of ROS, MDA levels, cytochrome C, caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax gene expression, and calcium levels; and increased the expression and activity of antioxidant enzyme genes and the expression level of Bcl-2. Together, our data demonstrate that SOD3 ameliorates HO-induced oxidative damage in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial pathway and provide new insights into the functional actions of SOD3 on oxidative stress-induced cell damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel highly selective chemosensor Z based on rhodamine B hydrazone derivatives was designed and synthesized, and it showed both colorimetric and “turn-on” fluorescence responses for CN− in an aqueous solution. The results showed that after adding CN− ions in aqueous solution, the chemosensor Z showed significant color change from colorless to pale-yellow, which was visible to the naked eye, and it rapidly produced strong green fluorescence. The probe could distinguish CN− by deprotonation and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanisms, as evidenced by 1H-NMR titration and DFT calculations. In addition, the detection limit of the fluorescence response of the sensor for CN− was 5.81 × 10−8 M, which was measured by titration. The chemosensor Z has been successfully used to detect CN− in sprouting potatoes. Z-containing test strips have also been prepared, and they can be used as a colorimetric tool for CN− detection in potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease regulated by T lymphocyte subsets. Recently, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells have been described as two distinct subsets from Th1 and Th2 cells and have the opposite effects on autoimmunity. Th17/Treg balance controls inflammation and may be important in the pathogenesis of plaque destabilization and the onset of acute coronary syndrome [ACS, including unstable angina (UA) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI)]. To assess whether this balance was broken in patients with coronary heart disease, we detected Th17/Treg functions on different levels including cell frequencies, related cytokine secretion and key transcription factors in patients with AMI, UA, stable angina (SA) and controls. The results demonstrated that patients with ACS revealed significant increase in peripheral Th17 number, Th17 related cytokines (IL-17, IL-6 and IL-23) and transcription factor (RORγt) levels and obvious decrease in Treg number, Treg related cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β1) and transcription factor (Foxp3) levels as compared with patients with SA and controls. Results indicate that Th17/Treg functional imbalance exists in patients with ACS, suggesting a potential role for Th17/Treg imbalance in plaque destabilization and the onset of ACS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel AIE active dual-channel chemosensor G1 based on coumarin derivatives was constructed, which shows high sensitivity and selectivity detection of Fe3+ (in water solution, LOD = 4.88 × 10−7 M) in DMSO/H 2 O (1:9, v/v, pH = 7.2) binary solutions and had strong anti-interference toward Hg2+, Ag+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cr3+and Mg2+. Notably, the actual usage of sensor G1 was further demonstrated by NAND logic gates and test kits. • AIE based sensor G1. • G1 shows colorimetric and "turn-on" fluorescence detection of Fe3+ with high sensitivity and selectivity. • G1 responds with Fe3+ in DMSO/H 2 O, 1:9, pH = 7.2. • Test strips and NAND logic gates based on G1 was prepared and constructed. A novel AIE active dual-channel coumarin derivatives, chemosensor G1 , was synthesised and used for detecting Fe3+ (in water solution) in DMSO/H 2 O (1:9, v/v, pH = 7.2) binary solutions, which induced the colour of solution of G1 from yellow to shallow orange and increased the fluorescence emission, indicating that G1 could act as a corking colorimetric and "turn-on" fluorescence probe for detecting Fe3+. What's more, sensor G1 has good anti-interference toward Ca2+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mg2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cr3+. Notably, the actual usage of sensor G1 was further demonstrated by logic gates and test kits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the mechanism of chronic migraine (CM) is unclear, it might be related to central sensitization and neuronal persistent hyperexcitability. The tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2B (NR2B-pTyr) reportedly contributes to the development of central sensitization and persistent pain in the spinal cord. Central sensitization is thought to be associated with an increase in synaptic efficiency, but the mechanism through which NR2B-pTyr regulates synaptic participation in CM-related central sensitization is unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of NR2B-pTyr in regulating synaptic plasticity in CM-related central sensitization.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to seven inflammatory soup (IS) injections to model recurrent trigeminovascular or dural nociceptor activation, which is assumed to occur in patients with CM. We used the von Frey test to detect changes in mechanical withdrawal thresholds, and western blotting and immunofluorescence staining assays were performed to detect the expression of NR2B-pTyr in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). NR2B-pTyr was blocked with the Src family kinase inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)-pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine (PP2) and the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein to detected the changes in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and the synaptic proteins postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), synaptophysin (Syp), synaptotagmin1 (Syt-1). The synaptic ultrastructures were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the dendritic architecture of TNC neurons was observed by Golgi-Cox staining.Results: Statistical analyses revealed that repeated infusions of IS induced mechanical allodynia and significantly increased the expression of NR2B Tyr-1472 phosphorylation (pNR2B-Y1472) and NR2B Tyr-1252 phosphorylation (pNR2B-Y1252) in the TNC. Furthermore, the inhibition of NR2B-pTyr by PP2 and genistein relieved allodynia and reduced the expression of CGRP, SP, PSD95, Syp and Syt-1 and synaptic transmission.Conclusions: These data indicate that NR2B-pTyr might regulate synaptic plasticity in central sensitization in a CM rat model. The inhibition of NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation has a protective effect on threshold dysfunction and migraine attacks through the regulation of synaptic plasticity in central sensitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]