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Third millennium begins in a globalized world: 6.3 thousand million people, 850 millions hungry, 1,200 without drinkable water, 2,400 without proper healthcare, 850 millions illiterate, 10 million children die annually. Meanwhile, 10% of the population enjoys 70% of wealth. Social explosions, wars, hurricanes, earthquakes, environmental contamination, floods, global heating, AIDS, proliferate. Rural communities have economic and socially collapsed, unemployment increases for technologies of low labor force, migration to the cities persists. The "Green Revolution", of specialized and industrialized agriculture of developed countries has generated environmental conflicts and has not been any solution. The geophagy and power thirst of countries and political leaders, generate more unbalanced distribution of wealth. In our planet, positive results with agroecological systems of production are plentiful, demonstrating its possibility to solve great number of problems. In Latin America and Cuba, large number of experiences based on knowledge of rural and indigenous traditions, research and commercial production exist, with feasible solutions for this called third world", where the neediest countries are. There are possible roads to reach the desired agricultural development. This paper summarizes some examples of these advances. The future challenge is to integrate agroecosystems components to achieve synergies, consolidating holistic agroecological systems, with biological, productive, economic, energetics and environmental efficiency. It is hopefull to think in an agroecological future together to political will for the economic and social development, can contribute in a high degree to liberate our third world countries of the critical current situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]