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About 45 bacteria, 9 fungi, 3 yeast, and 1 actinobacterium were isolated from plant tissues of tomato and screened for their plant growthpromoting traits and antagonistic activity against damping-off fungus Pythium aphanidermatum. The bacterial isolate, Bacillus pumilus TEB10 exhibited pathogen inhibition of about 55 and 79%, while yeast isolate Candida tropicalis TEY1 showed 30 and 68% in the dual plate and inverted plate assay, respectively. In addition, the Bacillus pumilus TB10 showed siderophore, HCN, cellulase, and phosphate solubilization activities. Similarly, yeast isolate Candida tropicalis TEY1 exhibited catalase, phosphate, and zinc solubilization activities. The sterol biosynthesis pathway end product ergosterol was profiled in secondary metabolites of P. aphanidermatum, suggesting the potentiality of this pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosopis Wood Biochar (PWB) produced through pyrolysis of wood biomass of Prosopis Juliflora was characterized for its physicochemical characteristics, energy properties, surface morphology and functional groups. PWB had a pH of 8.70, EC of 1.49 dS m-1, H/C of 0.11 and O/C ratio of 0.13. The zeta potential of the PWB was - 24.2 mV with microporous surface characteristics (pore size of about 1.32 µm to 2.51µm diameter and length was 1.34 µm to 10.14 µm). PWB had aldehyde as predominant functional groups along with alkyl halides, alkenes and aromatic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is a serious pathogen which causes soft rot or rhizome rot or tip over disease of banana in the tropical and subtropical regions of India. Rhizome rot disease incidence was severe during the secondary hardening stage in the micropropagated plantlets; prominently in the cv. Grand Naine (AAA) cultivars, effecting the initial establishment of banana plantlets in the main field. In order to combat rhizome rot disease, an experiment was conducted on biohardening of the micropropagated banana plantlets. Thirty bacterial isolates from the endophytic regions of banana were analyzed using 16S rRNA and the effective strains were identified as Bacillus subtili s. PP and CL3 strains of B. subtilis were observed to inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogen on nutrient agar. Further, crude metabolites from effective B. subtilis strains (PP and CL3), were inhibited the growth of bacterial pathogen. The endophytic Bacillus subtilis were used for biohardening of the micropropagated banana plantlets cv. Grand Naine (AAA) during the primary and secondary hardening stages. Biohardening of banana plantlets with endophytic B. subtilis significantly suppressed rhizome rot disease when treated with two strains of B. subtilis (PP and CL3) assoil application during the time of planting. Application of bacterial endophytes resulted in an increase in plant growth promotion activities viz ., plant height, pseudostem girth, number of leaves and leaf area. Increased activity of defense enzymes like peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), phenolic content and PR proteins; chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase was observed in the biohardened plants that were inoculated with the bacterial antagonist.Thus, the present study demonstrated that biohardened micropropagated banana plantlets with endophytic B. Subtilis mediate the induction of systemic resistance against pathogens and could therefore be used as potential biological control agents for rhizome rot disease of tissue culture banana cv . Grand Naine (AAA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pain in the postoperative period is the distressing period after any surgeries particularly in the first 24 hours. Postoperative pain is associated with an increase in sympathetic activity leading to increases in heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and even delirium and myocardial insults. Opioids and NSAIDS are very commonly used in the postoperative period in spite of their known adverse effects. So there is a need for a study to find a drug which prolongs the duration of analgesia in the postoperative period without many side effects so that usage of opioids and NSAIDS drugs in the first 24 hours can be decreased. The aim of the study: To compare during supraclavicular brachial plexus block, the single perioperative dose of intravenous Dexamethasone and perineural Dexamethasone effects on onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade ; quality of analgesia and reduction in the dose of opioids in first 24 hour. Materials and methods: A Randomized, Triple-Arm, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Totally 90 patients were recruited in the study patients undergoing upper limb surgeries under supraclavicular block at govt. Kilpauk medical college hospital and govt. Royapettah Hospital from December 2015 to May 2016 were included in the study. After obtaining written informed consent patients were divided into three groups of 30 in each group. Group A local anesthetics and perineural dexamethasone Group B local anesthetics & intravenous dexamethasone, Group C local anesthetics only. Results: The Sensory and Motor block onset time between the intervention groups group A VS group B and group A VS group C were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) and the association between group B VS group c was found to be not statistically significant (p>0.05) as per unpaired t-test. The sensory & motor block duration time showed statistical significance in group A VS group C, group B VS group C (p < 0.05) but group A VS group B had no statistical significance( p > 0.05) as per unpaired t-test. The association of Visual Analog Scale between the intervention groups (group A Vs group C and group B VS group C) and VAS scores at 6, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively were found to be statistically significant since p < 0.05 as per unpaired t-test. The number of doses of opioid required in 24 hours was considered to be statistically significant since p < 0.05 as per unpaired t-test between the intervention groups (group A VS group C and group B VS group C). Conclusion: Systemic Dexamethasone is equally effective as perineural Dexamethasone in providing the significant duration of sensory, motor blockade and quality of analgesia. We come to a conclusion that Dexamethasone consistently decreases the postoperative pain scores and decrease the early & number of doses of opioid consumption (48 hours). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geomechanics plays a critical role in the different stages of coal bed methane (CBM) operations, starting from its development through production to its abandonment as in Sohagpur field of central India. In general, higher gas production has been observed from the coal seams in low-stress regimes compared to high-stress regimes; however, during the CBM development planning, stress information has been overlooked. The need for inclined and horizontal wellbores in coal seams has increased due to their many-fold rise in production when compared to vertical wells with a minimum surface footprint. However, these non-vertical wells have wellbore instability issues leading to high nonproductive time (NPT) during drilling and completion operations. Prolong challenges exist in achieving the desired half-length from hydraulic fracturing (HF) stimulation due to the limited understanding of the stress contrast between target coal and bounding lithology. The permeability of the coal reservoir varies greatly during depletion due to the combined effects of effective stress and matrix shrinkage. These effects directly impact productivity and hence, require a detailed understanding of how permeability varies during production life. In many instances, production from coal seams is complicated and unpredictable because of the influence of stress induced natural fractures. A geomechanical earth model is focused on understanding and mitigating the aforementioned challenges. In addition to coal thickness and gas content, stress-permeability maps are prepared to assist in the development program to prioritize wells in lower and moderate stress areas. Wellbore stability analysis has been carried out using calibrated stress and strength profiles along with other rock mechanical inputs to successfully drill high angle wells. This analysis indicates that with a slightly higher mud weight, high angle and horizontal wells can be drilled successfully. Hydraulic fracturing design incorporating the available stress contrast can help in achieving the desired fracture parameters without height growth. The coal permeability model suggests that during depletion, coal permeability is expected to increase by about 1.2–3.5 times with a positive impact on productivity. Critically stressed fracture analysis has been carried out on mapped fractures, which suggest that about 48% of the natural fractures are in a stressed state. Presence of these natural fractures has a positive (faster dewatering) as well as a negative (external water) impact on productivity at different places in the study area. • Estimation of in-situ principal stresses and coal bed permeability in central coalfield, India. • Wellbore Stability Modeling during CBM production. • Critically stressed natural fracture analysis at in-situ stress and in depletion states. • Recommendations in data acquisition plan for drilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urdbean leaf crinkle disease (ULCD) caused by an ungrouped virus is a destructive and serious disease of urdbean(Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Urdbean is commonly infected by leaf crinkle disease and is distinguished by the symptoms of extreme crinkling, curling, puckering, rugosity of leaves, stunting of plants and malformation of floral organs. An intensive survey was conductedduring the year of2018-2019 in major blackgram growing districts of Tamil Nadu viz., Pudukkottai, Tiruchirappalli, Villupuram, Tenkasiand Coimbatore. The highest disease incidence was recorded in Pudukkottai (24.95%) and lowest incidence was recorded in Coimbatore (17.89%). The transmission of ULCD by seed sprout abrasion and sap inoculation methods was 70.59% and 63.30% respectively. The transmission of ULCD by infected seeds was ranging from 71.89 to 83.62%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cocos nucifera (Arecaceae) is commonly called "the coconut tree". The constituents of C. nucifera produces antifungal, antimicrobial, anthelmintic and antitumor activities. The present work involves the evaluation of antiuroliathiatic activity of red and green variety of tender coconut water. Calcium oxalate, the artificial stone was prepared by homogenous precipitation method. The semi permeable membrane obtained from egg was used as dissolution bag. Cystone tablet was used as standard drug. The content of the dissolution bag was incubated for 24 h and the entire content was determined spectrophotometrically at 620 nm. Both red and green tender coconut water possess significant antiuroliathiatic activity. Red tender coconut shows more potent activity than green tender coconut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brinjal is the most important vegetable crop cultivated in both tropical and sub-tropical regions due to its high adaptability and the prevailing demand for edible purpose. Brinjal crop expressing viral disease like symptoms viz., mosaic, severe mosaic, vein banding, blistering, stunting were collected. The weed plants in brinjal ecosystem viz., Euphorbia spp. Parthenium hysterophorus, Trianthema portulacastrum, Tridax procumbens and Eclipta prostrata were observed with similar symptoms and these symptoms were also collected. The preliminary detection of viruses was carried for Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) antisera resulted in positive reaction for CMV and ToLCNDV infection in Euphorbia spp. and Parthenium hysterophorus confirmed the infection of CMV and ToLCNDV on these weed plants. The molecular characterization of CMV and ToLNDV was done and positive amplicon covering coat protein regions of both the viruses were cloned and sequenced. Sequences revealed 98% identity of CMV between the weed species and 97% homology with other vegetable CMV isolates of India. 99% of identity was observed between TN isolates of ToLCNDV and 98% identity with other ToLCNDV Indian isolates. Upon phylogenetic analysis the CMV weed host isolates clustered in single clade, separated from CMV brinjal isolate, while all the three isolates of ToLCNDV claded in single clade. The results exemplified that Euphorbia spp. and Parthenium hysterophorus act as reservoirs of CMV and ToLCNDV in the brinjal ecosystem during cropping and offseason of the crop in Tamil Nadu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) is the most destructive viral disease of okra, has become a limiting factor in the successful cultivation and production of okra in India, resulting in yield losses ranging from 17.09 to 96.49 per cent. As a result, it is critical that breeders continue to develop superior varieties or hybrids with long-lasting resistance to overcome this major devastating disease. In this context present investigation was carried with 74 elite okra lines to discover potential parents for a resistance breeding programme. On the basis of D² values the 74 genotypes were divided into seven groups. Cluster I constituted the highest number of genotypes followed by cluster II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. The traits per cent disease index of YVMV contributed maximum towards divergence followed by total phenolic content, peroxidase activity, fruit yield per plant, number of primary branches and number of fruit per plant. PCA showed four principal components with Eigen values more than one viz., 3.87, 3.21, 1.89 and 1.64 and accounted 81.56 per cent of the total genetic variation. Principal component analysis revealed that PC1 captured potential traits viz., total phenolic content, peroxidase activity, polyphenol oxidase, number of fruits per plant, number of primary branches per plant and fruit yield per plant, which could be used in future breeding programmes for high yield and YVMV resistance. The present study it was revealed that, eleven accessions viz., AE-65, AE-66, AE-CBE-921, Pusa Bhendi-5, SB-2, IC112449, AE-CBE-94, AE-CBE-943, AE-CBE-934, AE-CBE-92 and AE-CBE-93 appeared to be very promising lines for future use in resistant breeding programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Rice endophytic fungi T. longibrachiatum EF5 possess indirect antagonistic activity by emitting mVOCs against S. rolfsii and M. phaseolina. • Antimicrobial, fungistatic mVOCs such as longifolene, cedrane, 1-butanol-2-methyl, cuprenene were profiled through GC–MS-TD. • Upon interaction of antagonist T. longibrachiatum EF5 with S. rolfsii and M. phaseolina certain VOCs such as longifolene, caryophyllene, 1-butanol-2-methyl are upregulated whereas cuprenene and cedrane are downregulated. • Most of the mVOCs profiled represent sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic pathways, which can be further explored for defense priming. Trichoderma longibrachiatum EF5 is an endophytic fungal antagonist of rice. It is used for the control of soil-borne fungal pathogens— Sclerotium rolfsii and Macrophomina phaseolina. We demonstrate that T. longibrachiatum EF5 inhibits the growth of these pathogens on direct interaction as well as via the production of the microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs). The mVOCs reduced mycelial growth and inhibited the production of sclerotia by altering the mycelial structure. We profiled 138 mVOCs, when T. longibrachiatum EF5 interacted with the two pathogens. During these interactions, several compounds are up- or downregulated by T. longibrachiatum EF5, including longifolene, caryophyllene,1-Butanol 2-methyl, cedrene, and cuprenene. These compounds are involved in the biosynthetic pathways of the sesquiterpenoid and alkane, and the degradation pathway of trimethylamine. We provide an insight into the multiple modes by which T. longibrachiatum EF5 exerts antagonistic actions, such as hyperparasitism, competitions, and antibiosis via mVOCs. In contrast to their antimicrobial properties, these metabolites could also promote plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop a nano-biofungicide comprising of volatile essential oil molecules to enhance its efficacy in the field of agriculture through easily scalable green synthesis technique. It was prepared through one pot hot melt ultrasonication technique with easy water dispersability and long term stability. The effective surface-active agent concentration which controls the size and stability of nano bio-fungicide was studied. The small particle size (158 nm) and narrow particle distribution (0.36) were obtained for the nano bio-fungicide at 20 mg of lecithin and 100 mg of surfactant concentration. The physico-chemical analysis revealed that, nano bio-fungicides were amorphous sphere-shaped nanoparticles with low melting point. The greater molecular level affinity of essential oil towards lipids and their interfacial interaction towards essential oil to achieve stabilised dispersion in aqueous environment were deciphered through molecular dynamics simulation. The unique preferential binding of eugenol, bornanone and cinnamaldehyde with the hydrocarbon chain of glycerol monostearate and phospholipid enhanced their biological stability in aqueous environment by preventing its autoxidation. It was further confirmed through accelarated ageing studies. The major components of essential oil like alpha-terpineol, linalool, thymol and cinamaldehyde had an encapsulation efficiency of 29 %, 65 %, 21 % and 50 % respectively. Subsequently, all these bioactives of essential oil follows Higuchi model of release kinetics. Besides, the essential oil loaded nanostructured lipid carrier had significantly higher mycelial growth inhibition than pure essential oil at the same concentration. Thus, our results suggest that essential oil compactly packed at the intramolecular spaces of lipids and surfactants were having enhanced bio-efficacy with long term storage potential. Hence, the present nano-biofungicide could be a good alternative to the harsh pesticidal chemicals with easy and simple large scale production protocol for the eco- friendly management of wilt disease caused by Fuarium oxysporum. [Display omitted] • Nanobiofungicide was prepared by encapsulating essential oil in Nanostructured lipid carrier of size 30–40 nm. • The preparation of NLC follows green chemistry principles including atom economy, biodegradable chemicals and green solvents for sustainable agriculture. • Nanobiofungicide showed equivalent antifungal activity alike commercial fungicide (carbendazim) at 250ppm. • The nanobiofungicide can be easily upscale with long term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an exceptional period of growth in the use of composites over the past decades in the aviation industry. Petroleum based synthetic composites have several properties that make them the choice for various applications. Also it posses good mechanical strength, chemical properties easy process ability, permanent stability, low price, and anti-bacterial properties. These composites are resistant to microbial attack and non degradable. The nonbiodegradability of most commercially available plastics has caused many environmental problems associated with their disposal. A consequence of this phenomenal use of plastic materials is their increasing presence in municipal solid waste throw-away products. Increasing environmental concern forces for the use of newer type of materials which is more eco-friendly. Hence the bio-composite concept is developed. Bio composites are made from the natural fibers and are eco-friendly. Both the matrix phase and reinforcing phase are made by the natural fibers. Their properties can be improved by modifying their structure and by adding additives. This project aims in developing the new type of bio composite using Coir, Aloevera, Banana fiber, Baggase, Kenaf and then subjecting it to various tests to determine its properties and proving its promising usage in the aviation field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the publication output, authorship pattern and sources of publication of the library professionals. The data were collected from 137 LIS professionals working in educational institutions in and around Tiruchirappalli.The study finds that majority of LIS professionals have published articles in printed journals and papers in the conference/seminars. It is also recommended that the LIS professionals need to publish books, articles in the digital form which will increase the visibility of authors publications at global level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]