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Monitoring the condition of agricultural lands in the Chechen Republic using geographic information systems (GIS) is an important tool for assessing and managing agricultural resources in the region. This paper discusses modern GIS methods and technologies used to analyze land conditions, including their use to identify land use changes, assess soil quality, and monitor the impact of climate change. The focus is on collecting and processing data using remote sensing, as well as using analytical tools to create maps and models that help make informed decisions in agriculture. The monitoring results help optimize the use of land resources, increase their productivity, and improve resilience to external factors. As a result, the use of GIS technologies becomes an integral part of effective land management in the Chechen Republic, contributing to the sustainable development of agriculture in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topographic maps used as the cartographic basis of thematic maps are created on the basis of data from the certain time period and the existing topographic base for the study area was published in 1975-1990, which does not allow visualizing recent changes of the area condition. One way to solve this problem is to use up-to-date data sources. The problem is successfully solved on the basis of visual and automated use of satellites remote sensing data of medium, high and ultra-high spatial resolution. The purpose of this article is to conduct comparative analysis of the Earth remote sensing data using the example of Sentinel 2, Landsat-8 satellite images, to consider methods for processing satellite images and use of remote sensing data to update vector layers of the cartographic basis of thematic maps. As part of the tasks of actualization of the vector layers for updating the cartographic basis of the study area, in this work was used archival and operational medium-resolution data obtained from Landsat and Sentinel-2 series satellites and Sentinel-2 image services, as well as Airbus WorldDEM4Ortho DEM. The work used the methods of GIS technologies and remote sensing, classification of remote sensing data and comparative analysis, visual and automated interpretation. A set of Python scripts has been generated to filter the collection of Sentinel-2 images and to determine cloudiness and cloud shadow. The use of remote sensing data made it possible to cover spacious and inaccessible areas of mountainous regions, significantly reducing the costs of data and processing. As a result, the updated cartographic basis of the studied area was created. The cartographic basis can be used for subsequent analysis of the dynamics and trends in changes of natural and social-economic objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports morphotectonic and petrological characteristics of Permo-Triassic trap basalts covering the major part of Siberian Craton and its surroundings. Lavas, sills, and dykes are distributed in Taimyr, in the crystalline basement and Mesozoic cover of the West Siberian Plate and in Kara sedimentary basin. Investigations include relief analysis, seismotomographic data, magnetic and gravitational anomalies. Four sectors of magma-permeable zones were distinguished along the perimeter of the Anabar Shield in the Siberian craton. The western sector is characterized by an intensive fracturing and stretching where the Tunguska syncline filled by the flood basalt was formed. A striking feature of volcanism is the meridional petrochemical trend corresponding to increasing the silica (decreasing pressure) of basic magmas in volcanic and intrusive rocks of the Siberian Craton from the impact center, located at the North near Norilsk, to South regions – Kuzbass and Angara-Taseev regions. It corresponds to the thinning of the mantle keel, which coincides with the reduction of the volumes of erupted melts. This trend was determined for volcanics referring to the two major time events 252–244 and 238–232 Ma. Research highlights: Permo-Triassic traps of Siberia cover West Siberian Plate and Siberian Crat. Plum impact is located part near the Norilsk region. Diffused spreading developed in Tunguska syncline. Intensive volcanism concentrating along the deep faults. In the Northern part the dike belts and extended sill intrusions prevail. Tuffitic magmatism with higher silica dominated in the southern areas with the thinner lithospheric mantle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, more and more attention is being paid to the development of technologies for the satellite monitoring of land use and the state of agricultural landscapes. The lack of up-to-date information about the boundaries of individual agricultural fields does not allow us to fully assess the state of arable land and take them into account. The available statistical sources have discrepancies and do not have information about the spatial distribution of used and unused agricultural fields. The purpose of this work is to establish the spatial distribution of cultivated and uncultivated arable lands of the Volgograd region according to remote sensing data. This paper presents the results of mapping the actual boundaries of arable lands of the Volgograd region as of 2021. High-resolution Sentinel-2 and Google Earth PRO data in the geographic information program are used to decrypt arable land. As a result, 6.05 million ha of arable land are mapped. The data are compared with official statistics for 2021, and an excess of 12% is noted in comparison with the results of decryption. It is noted that, over the past 20 years, according to statistical data, the areas of arable land and deposits have practically not changed. When comparing the decryption results with the data on arable lands of the Vega service, a difference of 4% was noted, which is quite high accuracy. According to the All-Russian Agricultural Census of 2016, the area of arable land used was exceeded by 8%. According to the SRTM digital terrain model, morphometric parameters of arable land were calculated throughout the region. It is determined that agricultural fields are located mainly on the slopes of the western exposure (37%), which is due to the predominance of the general slope of the relief to the west. Most (78%) of the field areas are on slopes with a steepness of up to 1°, and about 2% occupy areas of more than 3°. Water erosion is noted on steep slopes. The smoothest relief in the Volga region is on the territory of the Caspian lowland. Using remote methods, the assessment of the areas of fallow lands was carried out: about 960 000 ha. According to various sources, from 4800 to 891 000 ha of unused arable land are noted. The resulting geoinformation basis will make it possible to fully account for and assess the condition of cultivated and uncultivated arable lands, as well as develop projects for the rational use of land resources to increase yields and prevent the degradation of agricultural landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of 735 research papers on geomorphological mapping published in English between 2000 and 2021 using the Web of Science database. The analysis focuses on key metrics such as annual publication rates, journal distribution, common keywords, and frequently cited papers. The results demonstrate sustained investment in geomorphological mapping research over the past two decades, driven by advancements in data analysis, GIS technologies, and cross-institutional and cross-country collaboration. While European universities and research centers lead the field, researchers from Latin America and Asia are also making noteworthy contributions. However, research concentration remains largely in Europe, particularly at low altitudes. The study highlights the vital importance of investment in geomorphological mapping research and the benefits of collaboration to advance understanding and knowledge production. It also emphasizes the need for greater geographic and cultural diversity among researchers to ensure a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repairing potholes is a task for municipalities to prevent serious road user injuries and vehicle damage. This study presents a low-cost, high-performance pothole monitoring system to maintain urban roads. The authors developed a methodology based on photogrammetry techniques to predict the pothole's shape and volume. A collection of overlapping 2D images shot by a Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 connected to a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B has been used to create a pothole 3D model. The Raspberry-based configuration has been mounted on an autonomous and remote-controlled robot (developed in the InfraROB European project) to reduce workers' exposure to live traffic in survey activities and automate the process. The outputs of photogrammetry processing software have been validated through laboratory tests set as ground truth; the trial has been conducted on a tile made of asphalt mixture, reproducing a real pothole. Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) technologies allowed visualising potholes on a map with information about their centre, volume, backfill material, and an associated image. Ten on-site tests validated that the system works in an uncontrolled environment and not only in the laboratory. The results showed that the system is a valuable tool for monitoring road potholes taking into account construction workers' and road users' health and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the possibilities of using GIS technologies in the tourism sphere. The study focused on the conceptual modeling of tourism and the geoinformation support in planning tourist routes. The subject area of tourism as a conceptual model in terms of database modeling and GIS using UML language was characterized and presented. The method of using the GIS to solve the problem of modeling transport accessibility zones to tourist attractions in shaping transport routes has been proposed. The QGIS was used in tandem with a database management system such as PostgreSQL. GRASS GIS environment was used to perform spatial analysis. The object of this research is the transport network in one of the districts of the Ternopil region. We have tested in practice the proposed technological scheme on the example of the Ternopil district with the use of PostgreSQL database management system, QGIS, and GRAS GIS. We have created a tourist isochrone map of this region with some attractive places. The proposed methodology for determining transport accessibility using spatial analysis tools with the creation of isochrone maps and a flexible system of adjustments in the GIS makes it possible to optimize already existing tourism routes and create new ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is to describe the field methods for studying the impact of the Dniester PSPP natural and technical geosystem (NTGS) on dynamic processes in the environment of its operation. A comprehensive research methodology was used to analyse the field methods for studying the impact of the Dniester PSPP natural and technical geosystem on dynamic processes in the environment of its operation. The initial stage included an analysis of the results of previous scientific studies on the impact of hydraulic engineering facilities on the environment. This made it possible to take into account previous findings and identify existing knowledge in this area. Next, we carried out on-site (field) data collection, which included in-situ measurements and observations directly in the area of the research object. For this purpose, specialised data collection devices were used. Particular attention was paid to the statistical analysis of the data obtained, which allowed us to identify the relationships between various factors that affect the dynamic processes of the environment. In the 21st century, geography is becoming an even more important and responsible science due to the growth of global challenges, such as climate change, environmental management, population migration, and others. An integrated approach allows geographers to look at problems from different perspectives and develop comprehensive solutions. Modern technologies, such as geographic information systems (GIS), satellite imagery, remote sensing, etc., provide geographers with new opportunities for collecting, analysing and interpreting data, which helps to solve complex problems more efficiently. An example of the application of an integrated approach in studying the impact of the natural and technical geosystem of the Dniester cascade of HPPs and PSPs on dynamic processes. Scientific novelty. The research in the article allows us to expand the understanding of the specific problem of managing anthropogenic load in a natural and technical system. The analysis of the object being designed as a system containing two most important parts - technical and natural - makes the systems approach not a decoration, but a prerequisite for the work of a natural scientist: geographer, ecologist - an ally, an associate of the designer. Designing, creating an environment that is optimal for human life means designing such systems, structures, and technologies so that they are as closely related to the existing relationships in nature as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract—The climatic characteristics and morphometric indicators of the relief of habitats of forest communities described in the system of ecological and floristic classification on the Ufa plateau, as well as on the western macroslope and in the centrally elevated part of the Southern Urals were compared. It has been shown that syntaxonomic differences in forest vegetation in these areas are primarily caused by the differences in air temperature and summer precipitation. Existing climate change forecasts assume an increase in average annual and summer temperatures, as well as an increase in the amount of winter and a decrease in summer precipitation. This suggests that coniferous and mixed coniferous-broad-leaved forests will be enriched with species of the nemoral complex in the future in the Southern Urals, which in turn will lead to an increase in their similarity with modern forests of the Ufa plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem statement. The increased human pressure on natural geo-complexes is causing the revival of undesirable processes that create an extensive risk for the inhabitants of these regions. Alpine-type orogenic zones, which belong to the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, are distinguished from many geomorphological systems by excessive activity of endo- and exogenous processes. Therefore, at this time, the task of diagnosing and assessing the ecological and geomorphological risk that the population faces in the development of new territories of the region seems to be important. Analysis of recent research and publications. After analyzing a number of techniques used to assess the landslide and mudflow hazards, the conclusion was made that most of them had their flaws. Research method. There are a large number of methods for assessing the risk of environmental management and predicting hazardous exodynamic processes. However, in modern conditions, these techniques are not sufficiently reliable. This, in turn, determines the relevance and the need to develop new or modernised methods of strategies for the prevention, protection, and elimination of the consequences of catastrophes and natural disasters. The purpose of this work is to reveal the geomorphological features and dynamics of the development of the most dangerous and often repeating landslide and mudflow processes based on field geomorphological studies, as well as fund literature, indicate the reasons for their formation and propose measures to combat them. Research results. The article discusses the results of ecological and geomorphological surveys on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, dedicated to the assessment of landslide and mudflow risk for the period from 1990 to 2020. To assess them in order to obtain morphometric characteristics (including the down gradient of slopes, the length and shape of slopes, areas of mudflow centers), large-scale (M 1:100000) topographic maps were used, as well as interpretation materials for different-scale and multi-temporal ASP. Based on the interpretation of the ASP within the studied region, in order to clarify the general picture of the dissection of the modern relief of the studied region, a map of morphometric tension was compiled, which includes the degree of vertical dissection of the territory, the down gradient of slopes, etc., and also maps of the risk of landslides and mudflows were compiled according to the degree of danger of landslide and mudflow processes, and the area of their distribution was calculated. Landslide and mudflow risk analysis mainly used high-resolution aerospace imagery (ASI) from CNES / Airbus, Maxar Technologies (GeoEye-1), and medium resolution Sentinel-2A and 2B. Thus visual and semi-automatic interpretation (classification with training) was performed in the ArcGIS environment. As a result, taking into account the morphometric tension, as well as the mudflow and landslide hazards, a map of the morphodynamic tension of the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus was compiled, which makes it possible to reveal the modern nature of the manifestation of exodynamic processes, to predict and assess the risk coming from them. Conclusion. The results of the research will make it possible to use the obtained data for the development of the Program for the safe and sustainable functioning and development for the purpose of recreational and tourist development of the difficult of access mountain geosystems of Azerbaijan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perpetual need for developing a sustainable economic environment places the education policies at the foundation of social adaptability. Creating and maintaining curriculum content that meets the demands of a continuously changing society, and the challenges that such a rapid evolution put on the labour market, is one of the top priorities for any education system and institution involved in education at any level. This paper proposes a cognitive computing solution for assessing, in a programmatic manner, large corpora of curriculum content created by teachers from lower secondary education environment for Informatics instruction in Romanian schools. The result of this initiative at the national level is corpora of curricular content that must be evaluated to verify the degree to which the material meets the requirements of the national curriculum. We addressed this crucial yet tedious process by designing and implementing a solution for automating curriculum assessment through cognitive computing. The paper outlines a sustainable framework to evaluate curriculum content in an automated fashion, and for providing critical feedback timely to both content creators, and to policy makers responsible for creating economically viable and future adaptable education strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an economic and geographical analysis of the demographic processes in China, considering a set of natural and geographic factors, selected to reflect the influence of the state policy of family planning, as well as the policy for the development of separate regions in the period under study. The methodology included the use of geoinformation technologies, classification method and geographical systematization. Based on the identified spatial differences at the level of provinces, radical and previously absent spatial shifts in the demographic processes in China were established for the first time. They consist in the formation of positive and negative dynamics zones, as well as natural increase and natural decline zones. The demographic balance, for the first time calculated for the provinces of China, for 2010 and 2019, made it possible to indicate the dominance of provinces of a progressive type (53.0%) and a zone of provinces of a regressive type (8.8%). The established trend proves not only a differentiation, but also a spatial polarization at the national level and acts as a phenomenon of modern demographic development in China, in the 21st century. The results of the geographical systematization of the demographic space has practical significance as it provides the opportunity to use this methodology at the microgeographic level in other territories and serves as a scientific justification for the development of the directions of China's regional demographic policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil is a core element of the biosphere, and the soil cover is exposed to major processes that take place within this system. Therefore, it is very important to understand the results of soil research from the perspective of current global and local environmental problems. With the advent of new methods of spatial analysis and techniques for obtaining remote sensing data, geoinformation technologies offer great opportunities for analyzing the natural and ecological state of the region. Therefore, geoinformation analysis of the state of natural and anthropogenic transformed soils is an essential tool for their studying, forecasting the development of the natural environment, and working out the ways of rational farming. As forest territories have a beneficial effect on the natural and climatic situation in general, and vice versa, environmental degradation on agricultural lands will result in worsening the situation on forest lands, it is necessary to consider forest and agricultural areas in close integration with GIS technologies. It should be done to improve the overall natural environmental conditions. The study used soil survey data conducted in 2017-2019. Field and office studies were conducted: samples were taken in the field to determine the agrochemical parameters of the soil, and the data obtained were analyzed using mathematical and statistical methods. Digital cartographic materials were created using geoinformation technologies. The basis for a comprehensive natural and environmental assessment of forest and agricultural areas using geoinformation systems was laid. The studies conducted to identify changes in natural and anthropogenic transformed soils have shown that the contours of soil varieties have changed. In many cases, there is a deterioration in soil properties. The number of fertile chernozem has decreased. In areas with low crop cultivation, there are signs of a decrease in the humus horizon and the development of erosion processes. As a result of the conducted research, a single digital soil and geographical database for forest and agricultural territories were created. The developed methodology and algorithm for creating a database and digital cartographic basis using geoinformation technologies in environmental studies can be recommended as a base for similar studies both in the Republic of Bashkortostan and in other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I compare cartographic methods that can be used for analyzing tourist attractive regions and explore the possibilities of using GIS technologies for such analysis. I provide a specific methodology of searching for the most attractive tourist regions using Voronoi diagrams and heatmaps. I demonstrate the methodology by applying it to certain types of tourist resources in Chernihiv region of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new methodology is proposed for computing the city-descriptive parameters for the TERRA_URB scheme in the COSMO model. It is based on the GIS analysis of OpenStreetMap data, Sentinel-2 satellite images, and global land cover data. A set of parameters is obtained for Moscow megacity on a grid with the spacing of 500 m. The dataset is promising for high-resolution numerical weather prediction within the COSMO-Ru system and for urban climate research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the authors are revealing the features of the transition to a new type of farming. The possibilities of modern agriculture, use of smart technologies for agriculture, development of highly intelligent agriculture, features of the use of artificial intelligence in agriculture, use of the Internet, namely FoodNet, active use of GIS technologies, improvement of logistics systems, and banking services for farmers and agriculture producers are being examined on the ground of digital technology. The conclusion is being made concerning the need for the active development of the digital agriculture system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the article is to provide functional zoning and cadastral assessment of the urban area using the capabilities of Geographical Information Systems technologies. To this end, the methods of real estate valuation were investigated, the functional zoning of the urban area, the cost of zoning, the cadastral value of land in the valuation zones determined and calculated on the basis of the Geographical Information System, the result was given as a table of attributes. Also, thematic mapping maps of cadastral values of 1 sq. of land in the evaluation zones of digital terrain map of the urban area have been drawn up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the methods of land transformation is linear programming method, which is called the simplex method. Its application allows us quickly and efficiently to build a model of optimal use of land resources and helps to find such combination of the lands, that allows us to obtain the maximum yield in money equivalent with given resources. The application of methods of remote sensing (RS) as spatial information to solve the problems of land management, including land transformation, becomes the most optimal in modern conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]