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A substantive historiographical as well as introductory essay to this issue in honour of Passerini's important scholarship, the article highlights such themes as subjectivity and intersubjectivity; transformations in oral history and memory studies prompted by attention to such issues as the role of myth, collaboration, autobiography, and the imaginary. It documents Passerini's early reception among feminist and labour historians; the collaborations researching trauma and memory under totalitarianism; her Autobiography of a Generation: Italy, 1968, and work on love and on redefining Europe in more inclusive ways. It also situates the application of Passerini's insights by an international and multidisciplinary line-up of scholars working on diverse projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this final contribution to this theme issue on Luisa Passerini's important scholarship, the guest editors and Passerini discuss her current EU Research Council-funded collaborative project, BABE, which is meant to bring together oral and visual forms of memory that reformulate the concept of Europe (and Fortress Europe) in more inclusive ways. Its distinctive features are discussed, including the collection and analysis of drawings and other visual itineraries by artists and other subjects, including students, from the global diaspora in Europe. Other topics include the importance of conversation in oral history work, the ‘mobility turn,’ and the gendered nature of mentorship. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An introduction is presented in which the authors discuss this special issue entitled "Gender History across Epistemologies."

This article uses international migration flow (entry and exit) data as compiled by Walter Willcox and Imre Ferenczi (1970 [1929]) for the years between 1820 and 1924 to discuss the timing and cause of a transition in gender ratios--from male- dominated to gender- balanced--among international migrants. The article compares gender ratios for international migrants at the national, regional, and global levels and identifies when and how migration patterns to the United States resembled those to other parts of the world. Historical variations in gender ratios were considerable enough to render problematic the frequently used label "male- dominated" when applied to past migrations. The article discusses past cases of gender- balanced and female- predominant migrations and proposes an alternative typology for distinguishing among differently gendered international migrations. While some scholarly and popular sources depict the feminization of international migration as a recent phenomenon, historical data suggest that the convergence toward gender- balanced migrations began in the first half of the twentieth century. The article concludes by addressing contemporary debates over globalization and migration and cautions scholars against equating increased female mobility with egalitarian gender relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes novel use of digital archives and the history of publishing to reveal the previously unknown author of the first cookbook published by avonian in the Carolinas. The traditional tools of the culinary historian, including textual analysis and biogiaphical research, proved insufficient to identify the author of the Carolina Receipt 1300k (1832,). The researchers therefo, situated the cookbook within the social and intellectual milieu of antebellum Charleston—not only the traditional female networks of domestic literature and charitable works, but also the masculine politics of Nullification, slavery and states' rights, which led ultimately to the Civil War. The paper analyzes how an elite Southern family sought to erase the historical memory of the volume in order to assure cultural predominance for its own female members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses public food selling and eating among Mexican communities in San Antonio, Texas, and southern Italian migrants in New York City, focusing on the period of the 1870s through the 1940s. It examines street food and restaurants. The authors comment on Italian eating and drinking establishments called tavernas and Mexican eating and drinking establishments called fondas. They also explore how differences in racialization and municipal governance impacted the public food cultures of these communities.

The theme for the 2008 Social Science History Association conference was "It's about Time." By surveying the program and panels on offer in Miami, the presidential address instead asked, "Is it about time?" Location and space figured more centrally than time in the titles of the conference's many papers. Still, two conceptions of time were prominent features of the program. For some scholars, the past is like a foreign country; it can be compared to the present. For even more of the 2008 presenters, however, interest in time meant a concern with process. The analysis of time reflected on the program seemed to have developed along disciplinary lines. Historians and life-course sociologists analyzed time through narratives, time lines, or periodization. Sociologists dominated the theorization of time as sequential. Time geographers were most explicit in relating time and space, mainly in micro-level analyses. How to visualize and represent time in two dimensions remained an unsettled matter; some disciplines imagined timed processes as narrow or broad (represented along an x-axis), while others analyzed them as shallow or deep (represented along a y-axis). Scholars working with timed media, such as video, may have insights into how to overcome this representational roadblock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on studies on immigrant women in the U.S. written by historians. It acknowledges the transitional approaches that have sought to internationalize U.S. history while identifying themes that best characterize historical work on immigrant women in the U.S., such as making home, community building, memory and citizenship.

The article discusses the role of the University of Minnesota's Immigration History Research Center (IHRC) in immigration and ethnic history scholarship in the U.S. The IHRC regularly hosted conferences that brought together scholars, archivists and librarians interested in the history of immigration. The IHRC activities for 2007 and 2008 will feature new forms of public engagement as it becomes more involved in interdisciplinary scholarly dialogues.

This article presents an introduction to a special issue of the publication dealing with gender in migration studies. The author believes that because scholarly research on migration and feminist theory had changed so much, it was the right time to asses the changes in a special issue. The issue is a multidisciplinary review focusing on gender rather than on women. Included are surveys of anthropology, geography, history, law and society, political science, psychology, sociology and sexuality studies.The geographical specialties of the authors reach beyond the United States to Asia, Latin America, Africa and Europe.

Between 1870 and 1970 the migration of 26 million people from Italy produced an uneven geography of Little Italies worldwide. Migrants initially clustered residentially in many lands, and their festivals, businesses, monuments and practices of everyday life also attracted negative commentary everywhere. But neighbourhoods labelled as Little Italies came to exist almost exclusively in North America and Australia. Comparison of Italy's migrants in the three most important former ‘settler colonies’ of the British Empire (the USA, Canada, Australia) to other world regions suggests why this was the case. Little Italies were, to a considerable extent, the product of what Robert F. Harney termed the Italo-phobia of the English-speaking world. English-speakers’ understandings of race and their history of anti-Catholicism helped to create an ideological foundation for fixing foreignness upon urban spaces occupied by immigrants who seemed racially different from the earlier Anglo-Celtic and northern European settlers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduces a series of articles published in the March 2001 issue of the 'Journal of American Ethnic History.' Contribution of immigration and ethnic historians to the writing of a continental history of North America; Study of migration and ethnicity from a larger geographic scale; Comparison between international and internal migrants.

Looks at the global migration of migrants from Italy to the United States and their contribution to United States history. How Italian immigrants lived lives below, above and outside the nation; Categories of transnational history; Transnational history of migration; Themes entwined in the story of Italy's migrations; Advantage of diaspora for the study of Italy's migration.

Explores the uncertainty in the definition of immigration history and the professional identities of immigration historians in the United States (US). How historians perceived their vocation and employment; Training of historians; Discussions on immigration laws in the US.

Criticizes the article `Liberty, Coercion, and the Making of Americans,' by Gary Gerstle, as it relates to the history of nationalism and immigrants in the United States. Problems found with the article; Belief that Gerstle should have written a different article.

Studies of late-20th-century immigration movements, usually to the United States, minimize the long history of such immigration. A survey of scholarship on Italian women who emigrated to North and South America, Australia, and other parts of Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries shows that over 27 million Italians left Italy. These individuals do not fit standard immigration patterns; during 1870-1970, nearly half returned to Italy. Through migration, Italian men fit into the capitalist world economy. Italian women adhered to traditional patterns and worked in agriculture more often than other female immigrant groups, working less often as domestic servants. The 20th-century labor militancy of Italian female wage earners, which lagged behind that of other groups, particularly in the United States, may be a reflection of the general disposition of the Italian immigrant population.

Explores the reasons research on immigrant women in the United States leaves so few scholarly traces in the fields most concerned with them. Impact of conflicting questions and methods on scholarship; Women and immigration history; Race, nationality, religion, and ethnicity; Immigrant families and feminist theory; Structures and subjectivity.

Italian historians have not yet seriously confronted the emigration of 27 million Italians as an interpretative theme. Part II of this two-part article studies Italian migrants' experiences in France, South America, Switzerland and Germany, comparing 'Latin' and 'Germanic' receiving areas to the English-speaking world discussed in Part I. A focus on these other sections of the Italian diaspora challenges some fundamental interpretations of historians of Italy about emigration: Italian migrations to these areas were neither limited to the late nineteenth century, sparked by the economic crises of those years, nor a product of the 'problem of the Mezzogiomo'. Italian historians have special opportunities to study return migration to Italy, and to interpret Italy's own evolution into a multi-cultural receiving country, by comparing it to the models of multi-ethnic nations where Italian migrants once settled around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on sexual politics in immigrant New York. Since the late 1960s, when feminists first created controversy by insisting that the "personal is political," scholars have considerably broadened their understanding of the meaning of politics. The transition from women's history to gender studies and the reawakened interest in intellectual and cultural history in the 1990s also sparked new generations of scholars to expand further the analyses of both "sexual politics" and the politics of sexuality by asking new questions of old archives, by focusing on representations of power and by examining with historians's concern for context and chronology many types of sources often left to specialists in literary or film studies. Politics has been a central concern of urban history and in the past three decades, urban historians too have expanded and complicated their understanding of the relationships among cities, urbanity and power. No longer is it assumed that the exercise of power occurs exclusively within the halls of municipal institutions of the meetings and institutions of urban reformers; no longer is urban political history dominated by studies of the public lives of political bosses and reformers or by counts and interpretations of the choices of predominantly male voters.

Reviewed: In a New Land: A Comparative View of Immigration. Foner, Nancy.

Reviewed: Silicon Valley, Women, and the California Dream: Gender, Class, and Opportunity in the Twentieth Century. Matthews, Glenna.

This paper estimates and interprets empirical shifts in the gender composition of immigrants to add to scholarship about the gendering of international migrations over time. We map shifts in gender ratios using micro-level data that permit us to create age-standardized estimates among adult foreign born stock living in the United States since 1850 and in 26 other nations worldwide since 1960. We examine regional and national variations in these shifts, and ask whether and how the gendered composition of foreigners from diverse origins in the United States - the nation that has received the largest populations of migrants for over a century - differs from other nations that receive large numbers of immigrants. We also examine recent variations in gender ratios among immigrants living in six regional destination countries. Results show substantial variation in the gender composition of foreign-born populations, and they offer a starting point for examining causes and consequences in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]