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Aim: This is a report of the 5-year results of a two-group parallel randomized clinical trial comparing longitudinal implant stability, and clinical and radiographic peri-implant outcomes of mandibular overdentures retained by one (1-IOD group) or two (2-IOD group) implants. Methods: All participants received 4.1 mm diameter tissue-level implants (Straumann® Standard Plus – SLActive®, Institut Straumann AG), installed in the mandible midline (1-IOD; n = 23) or the lateral incisor-canine area bilaterally (2-IOD; n = 24), and loaded after 3 weeks. Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) was measured using a resonance frequency device (Osstell® Mentor, Integration Diagnostics) at implant placement, after three weeks (loading), and at the 6-month, 1-, 3-, and 5-year follow-ups. Marginal bone loss and clinical implant outcomes (plaque, calculus, suppuration and bleeding) were assessed periodically up to 5 years after loading. Results: Only minor changes in marginal bone level were observed after 5 years (mean = 0.37; SD = 0.44 mm), and satisfactory and stable peri-implant parameters were observed throughout the 5-year follow-up. No significant differences between groups were found. Overall, the mean primary implant stability was considered high (> 70) for the two groups (1-IOD = 78.1 ± 4.5; 2-IOD = 78.0 ± 5.8). No noticeable changes were observed between implant insertion and loading. A marked increase was observed from insertion to the 6-month follow-up – the mean difference for the 1-IOD group was + 5.5 ± 5.5 (Effect size = 1.00), while for the 2-IOD group, the mean difference was + 6.0 ± 5.6 (Effect size = 1.08). No relevant changes were observed throughout the follow-up periods up to 5 years. Linear mixed-effect model regression showed no influence of the bone-related variables (p > 0.05) and the number of implants (p = 0.087), and a significant effect of the time variable (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Satisfactory peri-implant outcomes and stable secondary stability suggest good clinical performance and successful long-term osseointegration of the implants for single and two-implant mandibular overdentures. Using a single implant to retain a mandibular overdenture does not seem to result in detrimental implant loading over the five years of overdenture use. Clinical relevance: This study corroborates the use of a single implant to retain a mandibular denture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME), with osteotomies separating the maxilla into two segments (SARME-2S) and three segments (SARME-3S), on obstruction symptoms and nasal cavity dimensions in patients with maxillary transverse skeletal deficiency (MTSD). Materials and methods: Sixteen patients with MTSD of 7 mm or above were evaluated in each group, for a total of 32 patients. All patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively up to 10 months after the expander activations. The minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) and the volume of the nasal cavities were identified by acoustic rhinometry. The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale questionnaire was applied. The palate surface area (PSA) was measured, via digitized maxillary models, as a criterion for comparison with the other variables studied. Results: There was no difference between the groups (p = 0.370) and was verified a significant increase in PSA postoperatively. MCA showed a small increase without statistical significance, and together with the volume of the nasal cavities remained constant during the study. NOSE scale scores decreased significantly in the postoperative periods, implying a decrease in nasal obstruction symptoms in both groups. Conclusions: SARME with two and three segments show similar results, and both may improve nasal obstruction symptoms when present in patients with MTSD. Clinical relevance: SARME, regardless of the chosen surgical technique, should follow the recommendation to correct just the MTSD. While an improvement in nasal breathing is expected, this must be understood as likely, but not certain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the incidence of prosthodontic maintenance events and complications during 4 years of follow‐up after mandibular overdenture treatment with one or two implants. Methods: Participants received one or two implants inserted in the midline (1‐IOD group) or the lateral incisor‐canine area bilaterally (2‐IOD group). Implants were loaded with an early loading protocol after 3 weeks. Programmed recall visits were scheduled at the 6‐, 12‐, 36‐, and 48‐month follow‐ups and nonprogrammed visits in case of prosthodontic complaints. The type of maintenance was registered, and the final treatment outcome was classified as successful, surviving, unknown, dead, repair, or retreatment. Results: Forty‐seven participants, mean age 65.4 ± 8.6, 74.5% female, were included (1‐IOD = 23; 2‐IOD = 24) and 44 completed the 4‐year follow‐up. A total of 159 prosthodontic maintenance events occurred and 89 in unscheduled visits. The most common event was the need for minor modifications of the denture base due to sore spots in the oral mucosa (n = 56 in 31 patients), matrix activation (n = 54 in 34 patients), and overdenture fracture (n = 25 in 18 patients). A "successful" or "surviving" outcome could be attributed to 57.5% of cases, whereas 38.3% needed repair. No significant differences in the incidence of prosthodontic events or treatment outcomes were found between the two groups. Conclusions: Findings show that 1‐IODs perform similar to 2‐IODs when considering the incidence of fractures and the need for prosthodontic maintenance, including adjustments of the overdenture and the attachment system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo foi aperfeiçoar o ensaio de azul cresil brilhante (ACB) para seleção de oócitos imaturos suínos. Para tanto, as seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: (I) o tempo de exposição ao ACB (15 vs. 40 vs. 60 vs. 90 min), (II) a concentração de ACB (15 vs. 20 vs. 26 µM), (III) o diluidor do ACB (NaCl vs. PBS vs. DPBS). Além disso, a última avaliação (IV) foi usar o ACB nas melhores condições estabelecidas para seleção de oócitos imaturos derivados de ovários refrigerados (24 h a 4°C) em diferentes meios (NaCl vs. PBS vs. DMEM). Assim, ovários foram colhidos em abatedouro e submetidos à aspiração folicular. Os oócitos recuperados foram quantificados e classificados de acordo com o objetivo de cada experimento, por critérios morfológicos e/ou ensaio de ACB. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste exato de Fisher (P<0,05), considerando quatro repetições/experimento. No experimento I, os tempos de exposição de 40 e 60 min foram semelhantes a 90 min (P>0,05). No experimento II, nenhuma diferença foi observada no percentual de oócitos ACB+ entre as concentrações de 15 µM (56,0%), 20 µM (65,0%) e 26 µM (65,7%). No experimento III, não houve diferença entre os diluidores NaCl (82,1%) e PBS (82,3%); contudo, um menor percentual de oócitos de boa qualidade foi observado usando DPBS (70,3%). No quarto experimento, os meios NaCl e PBS apresentaram oócitos de melhor qualidade no ensaio de ACB. Em conclusão, o ensaio de ACB para oócitos imaturos suínos é eficiente usando o tempo de incubação superior a 40 min, concentrações entre 15 e 26 µM e diluidores NaCl e PBS. Adicionalmente, recomenda-se a associação da avaliação morfológica com o ensaio de ACB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The location of warehouses is strategic for urban goods distribution, and the decision factors are subjective. This paper aims to analyse the contributing factors to warehouse location and describe the association between local attributes and the explanatory variables of a Warehouse Freight Trip Generation Model (WFTGM). We developed this study using data from 42 warehouses located in Belo Horizonte (Brazil). The results indicated that the accessibility to/from warehouses and the land cost are the most critical factors contributing to warehouse location decision. Additionally, the accessibility of trucks for delivery has a strong positive correlation with the accessibility of freight vehicles for loading. The land cost negatively correlates with all factors except the employee's accessibility, indicating an antagonistic relationship with other variables. Considering the Warehouse Freight Trip Generation Model, the warehouse-size related variables provided the best-fit models. Additionally, the warehouse size is not independent of the neighbourhoods' population and distance to the main ring roads traversing this city. The results support the development of public policies related to new warehouses' licensing process and offer guidance on warehouses' location in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry 5.0 (I5.0) can be described as the integration of sustainability, resilience, and human-centricity into industrial value creation. A novel framework for shaping a manufacturing strategy for the future Industry 5.0 paradigm is proposed. The I5.0 strategy framework consists of two main elements: (1) a process model and (2) a system model. The process model is based on the Design and Operations (DesOps) methodology while the system model discusses a fluid physical system as well as a fluid cyber system as relevant components of an I5.0 manufacturing system-of-systems. The research intends to contribute to the academic and industrial discussion towards forming a more practical guideline for managing the emerging I5.0 approaches and related technologies and to enable manufacturing companies to improve and maintain their competitiveness in a future I5.0 environment. Additionally, the authors aim to expand the knowledge foremost in the research field of strategy design and implementation by providing a decision-support framework for facilitating sustainable, resilient, and human-centric value creation. [Display omitted] • State-of-the-art for manufacturing strategy in an Industry 5.0 context. • Framework for the design and operation of a manufacturing strategy for the Industry 5.0 paradigm based on DevOps/DesOps. • Outline of a fluid cyber-physical-system (CPS). • Qualitative verification of the framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance represents a serious concern to public health, being responsible for hospital infections, affecting mainly immunosuppressed patients. Thus, nanotechnology appears as an alternative to solve this problem, through the application of metallic nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity. The present work aims to synthesize and characterize AgNPs from Klebsiella pneumoniae (AgNPs-KP) and Aloe vera extract (AgNPs-AV), evaluating the antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KpC) and the cytotoxicity in the L929 cell line. AgNPs were prepared by the biosynthetic method using Klebsiella pneumoniae and were characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM–EDS. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the MIC and MBC. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT method and neutral red. The production of ROS and nitrogen RNS tests were performed in the L929 cell line. Thus, it was possible to confirm the production of AgNPs-KP, through morphological, structural and elemental analysis. AgNPs from Klebsiella pneumoniae had potent antimicrobial activity in low concentration against antimicrobial resistant pathogens with MIC 9.76 µg mL−1 and MBC 9.06 µg mL−1. Moreover, AgNPs-KP in concentrations of 10, 30 and 100 µg mL−1 did not show cytotoxic properties for the L929 fibroblast, where only the cytotoxic effect was observed in high concentrations (300 µg mL−1). AgNPs-KP did not produce ROS about the analyzed concentrations and RNS production was only in the highest concentration of 3000 µg mL−1. Therefore, AgNPs biosynthesized by Klebsiella pneumoniae have potential medical applicability as a promising antimicrobial agent, using a simple and low-cost method, correlating nanomedicine as nanostructured materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Somatic resource banks play a crucial role in the conservation of genetic diversity, allowing for the preservation of biological samples from different populations. Puma somatic cells can be recovered from these banks and used in assisted techniques toward enhancing their multiplication and conservation. In response to the population reduction of this ecologically importance species, we aimed to evaluate the capacity of cryopreservation of somatic tissues on the maintenance of the integrity and quality of the cells recovered after culture, with the aim of establishing a somatic tissue bank that will allow for the safeguarding of a wide genetic sampling of pumas. Cryopreservation increased the thickness of the corneum layer in the tissues, and the number of perinuclear halos and empty gaps. Nevertheless, cryopreservation was able to maintain normal fibroblast patterns, even showing an increase in the percentage of collagen fibers. Cryopreservation maintained the proliferative potential of the tissues and the parameters evaluated during in vitro culture, mainly regarding the viability, proliferative activity, and apoptosis levels. Nevertheless, cells from cryopreserved tissues showed decreased metabolism and mitochondrial membrane potential when compared to cells from non-cryopreserved tissues. In summary, we demonstrated for the first time that puma somatic tissues subjected to cryopreservation are viable and maintain tissue integrity, featuring minimal changes after warming. Although viable somatic cells are obtained from these tissues, they undergo alterations in their metabolism and mitochondrial membrane potential. Improvements in the conservation conditions of somatic samples are needed to increase the quality of somatic tissue banks in this species. • Puma somatic tissues subjected to cryopreservation are viable and maintain tissue integrity. • Although puma viable somatic cells are obtained from these tissues, they undergo alterations in their metabolism and mitochondrial membrane potential. • Improvements in the conservation conditions of somatic samples are needed to increase the quality of somatic tissue banks in pumas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the outcomes of the mandibular overdenture retained by one (1‐IOD) or two (2‐IOD) implants. Materials and methods: Participants received new complete dentures, were assessed at baseline and randomly assigned to groups. Early loaded single midline implant (1‐IOD) or two implants in the canine regions bilaterally (2‐IOD). Ball attachments were used for overdenture retention. Post‐treatment outcomes (6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups) included patient satisfaction, oral health‐related quality of life measures, and chewing function. Data analysis included within‐ and between‐group comparisons, and Generalized Estimating Equations. Both superiority and non‐inferiority hypotheses were tested. Results: Forty‐seven participants were included (1‐IOD = 23; 2‐IOD = 24). Significant improvements in OHIP‐Edent were observed after insertion of new dentures and at the 1‐year follow‐up compared with baseline. No differences were found between the 1‐ and 2‐IOD groups for the OHIP‐Edent and QoLFAST scores. Patient satisfaction with the mandibular denture improved significantly from baseline to the 6‐month follow‐up and remained unaltered until 1 year, with no differences between groups. The magnitudes of treatment effect sizes were moderate to large for patient‐reported outcomes. Progressive improvement in chewing function occurred in both groups. Non‐inferiority testing based on a 15% non‐inferiority margin showed inconclusive results for patient‐reported outcomes, whilst chewing function in the 1‐IOD group was concluded to be not inferior to the 2‐IOD group. Conclusions: Results support the use of both 1‐ and 2‐IOD. The 1‐IOD was also an acceptable alternative to the 2‐IOD as a secondary option for the treatment of the edentulous mandible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the development of polysaccharide-coated liposomes to modulate the delivery of epidermal growth factor (EGF), with the aim to produce different EGF release profiles depending on the milieu of infected wounds. For this purpose, cationic liposomes were coated with one layer of sodium alginate (ALG) followed by one layer of chitosan (CHI) using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The coated liposomes exhibited apparent hydrodynamic diameters of 278 ± 36 and 216 ± 96 nm for Lip-ALG and Lip-ALG-CHI, respectively. Thus, it appears that adding the CHI layer compacted the Lip-ALG one. The incorporation efficiency of EGF was a maximum of 55% for liposomes with a polymeric coating. In vitro release experiments showed that Lip-ALG-CHI exhibits a higher release rate constant under acidic pH conditions, resembling those of infected tissue. Using an ex vivo model of EGF release in porcine ear skin, these liposomes were found to accumulate in the epidermis. Thus, coated liposomes could represent a local EGF delivery mechanism to promote healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have suggested that eating at later times may be a risk factor for being overweight. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of caloric midpoint on the anthropometric profile and calorie and macronutrient intake during the day. The study included 718 Brazilian undergraduate students (20.5 ± 2.9 years old; 67% women). Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall and the diurnal variation of calorie consumption was evaluated by caloric midpoint average time at which 50% of daily energy were consumed. Participants were classified into two groups according to caloric midpoint median; early eaters (caloric midpoint ≤ 3:00 pm) or late eaters (caloric midpoint > 3:00 pm). Body weight and waist circumference were measured and body mass index (BMI) was determined. Generalized linear models adjusted for confounding variables were used to determine the association between variables. The late eaters presented higher BMI when compared to early eaters (23.0 kg/m2 ± 0.3 vs. 22.1 kg/m2 ± 0.2, respectively; p =.02). Late eaters reported a higher total daily consumption of energy (p <.001) and proportion consumed after 9:00 pm (p <.001), as well as total daily carbohydrate (p <.001), protein (p <.001), fat (p <.001), saturated fat (p <.001), and cholesterol (p =.04) intake when compared with early eaters. We conclude that concentrating food intake later in the day is associated with higher total energy and macronutrient intake as well as a higher average BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The literature shows that there are anatomical changes on the temporal bone anatomy during the first four years of life in children. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the temporal bone anatomy regarding the cochlear implant surgery in stillbirths between 32 and 40 weeks of gestational age using computed tomography to simulate the trajectory of the drill to the scala timpani avoiding vital structures. Objectives To measure the distances of the simulated trajectory to the facial recess, cochlea, ossicular chain and tympanic membrane, while performing the minimally invasive cochlear implant technique, using the Improvise imaging software (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, US). Methods An experimental study with 9 stillbirth specimens, with gestational ages ranging between 32 and 40 weeks, undergoing tomographic evaluation with individualization and reconstruction of the labyrinth, facial nerve, ossicular chain, tympanic membrane and cochlea followed by drill path definition to the scala tympani. Improvise was used for the computed tomography (CT) evaluation and for the reconstruction of the structures and trajectory of the drill. Results Range of the distance of the trajectory to the facial nerve: 0.58 to 1.71mm. to the ossicular chain: 0.38 to 1.49 mm; to the tympanic membrane: 0.85 to 1.96 mm; total range of the distance of the trajectory: 5.92 to 12.65 mm. Conclusion The measurements of the relationship between the drill and the anatomical structures of the middle ear and the simulation of the trajectory showed that the middle ear cavity at 32 weeks was big enough for surgical procedures such as cochlear implants. Although cochlear implantation at birth is not an indication yet, this study shows that the technique may be an option in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature describes that on the 25th gestational week the labyrinth is fully formed and with adult size. However, recent studies have shown that the cranial and labyrinth development continues until 3 years of age. Objectives: To demonstrate through tomographic study the frequency of semicircular canal dehiscence on nine specimens of stillbirths between 32 and 40 weeks and, through literature review, present another possible etiology for its cause. Methods: Tomographic study of the temporal bone of 9 specimens of stillbirths between 32 and 40 weeks. Results: A frequency of 88.89% of alterations were found in our study, with 44% presenting bilateral alterations and 44% unilateral alteration; 11.11% had no dehiscence. Conclusion: The tomographic study showed superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) in 88% of the specimens studied, protrusion of the superior semicircular canal (SSC) in all fetuses, and an enlarged SSC that may be caused by the expansion process provoked by the subarcuate artery entering the subarcuate canaliculus, leading to SSCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature describes that on the 25th gestational week the labyrinth is fully formed and with adult size. However, recent studies have shown that the cranial and labyrinth development continues until 3 years of age. Objectives: To demonstrate through tomographic study the frequency of semicircular canal dehiscence on nine specimens of stillbirths between 32 and 40 weeks and, through literature review, present another possible etiology for its cause. Methods: Tomographic study of the temporal bone of 9 specimens of stillbirths between 32 and 40 weeks. Results: A frequency of 88.89% of alterations were found in our study, with 44% presenting bilateral alterations and 44% unilateral alteration;11.11% had no dehiscence. Conclusion: The tomographic study showed superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) in 88% of the specimens studied, protrusion of the superior semicircular canal (SSC) in all fetuses, and an enlarged SSC that may be caused by the expansion process provoked by the subarcuate artery entering the subarcuate canaliculus, leading to SSCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some studies have proposed that self-reported eveningness, which reflects the preference of performing activities in the evening, may harm nutritional health and influence the eating behavior and nutritional status of individuals. However, the relationship between these variables (eveningness and nutritional status) and the consumption of breakfast, which is currently considered a marker of health, has been insufficiently explored by studies. The aim of this study was to investigate, in undergraduate students, the association between diurnal preference, being overweight, and food consumption (with special focus on breakfast). The study included 721 undergraduate students from a Brazilian public university. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-hour food recall, and the usual time for breakfast was identified. Body weight, height, and waist circumference were measured by trained researchers. Diurnal preference was determined by the Horne and Ostberg questionnaire validated for the Brazilian population, and the participants were classified into three categories: evening (coefficient: 16-41), intermediate type (coefficient: 42-58) or morning type (coefficient: 59-86). The prevalence of skipping breakfast was higher among the evening types (p = 0.02), when compared with morning and intermediate types. A negative association between the diurnal preference coefficient and total caloric (coefficient -0.25, p = 0.007, r² adjusted = 0.12), carbohydrate (coefficient -0.19, p = -0.04, r² adjusted = 0.04) and lipid intake (coefficient -0.18, p = 0.04, r² adjusted = 0.05) was also found in the breakfast skippers but not in breakfast eaters. In other words, breakfast skippers with diurnal preference values indicative of eveningness consumed more calories, carbohydrates and fats. Evening types presented significant odds of skipping break- fast (OR = 1.7, CI = 1.1-2.9, p = 0.02) when compared with morning and intermediate chronotypes. We conclude that eveningness is associated with skipping breakfast and a higher consumption of calories, carbohydrates and fats in breakfast skippers. These eating behaviors may predispose these individuals to being overweight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dairy farmers worldwide are facing the difficulty of managing or disposing of dairy manure. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an option for treating dairy manure and producing biogas. A byproduct of AD is fiber, which is only partially being used despite its potential for different products, including wood plastic composites (WPCs). However, some properties of WPCs need to be improved to use them in high moisture content environments. This work evaluates the effect of hot water extraction (HWE) (at 160 °C for 60 min) of the AD dairy fiber on properties of WPCs. WPCs were produced using AD fiber via extrusion and tested for mechanical properties and water affinity. The WPCs produced with HWE fiber exhibited increased mechanical strength (36%) and stiffness (30%), and reduced strain at break (15%) compared to composites produced with untreated fiber. Water sorption and thickness swelling were reduced by 39% and 36%, respectively, after immersion in water for 98 days. The diffusion constant of WPCs produced with HWE fiber was also reduced by 64%. These results show that HWE is an effective method for enhancing mechanical properties and reducing hydrophilicity of WPCs produced from AD fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent introduction of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the main tomato-producing areas in Brazil is concerning due to its high infestation capacity and to the numerous lethal viruses that this insect can transmit to plants. In addition, B. tabaci MED has a history of lower susceptibility to several groups of insecticides. Thus, this study evaluated the preference of B. tabaci MED among 39 tomato genotypes, belonging to seven Solanum species, as well as the physical and morphological factors related to the preference. The tomato genotypes LA 716, IAC 294, PI 127,826, PI 134,418, PI 134,417, Tainara, PI 126,925 and LA 116 expressed resistance to B. tabaci MED. The density of glandular trichomes was negatively correlated with the number of adults, B. tabaci MED eggs/cm² and nymphs/cm². On the other hand, the density of non-glandular trichomes and the slope of the trichomes stimulated the colonization by adults of B. tabaci MED. Substrate color was not correlated with genotype preference. The resistant genotypes and their characteristics can be explored in genetic breeding programs with the aim of developing cultivars resistant to whiteflies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can potentiate cortical inhibition in healthy human subjects. [•] Our findings break with convention that high frequency stimulation results in excitation whereas low frequency stimulation results in inhibition. [•] Our results suggest that longer sessions of rTMS with increased number of pulses are more effective in producing changes on cortical inhibition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aim of this quantitative, descriptive, transversal study was to characterize drug use among students in the second year of the Nursing Degree course. The sample of 119 students answered a questionnaire divided into: general information, sociodemographic, economic, personal, familiar, sociocultural and drug usage. The study showed that students possess factors that protect them from drug usage and the acquisition of drug habits; but that they also have risk factors which must be taken into consideration in prevention programs, such as unhealthy life styles or drug abusage in people close to them (family, friends or classmates). We found that the profile of drugs used, containing both legal and illegal drugs, was similar to those in the national and international context. It is important to emphasize that even though the consumption of alcohol and tobacco occupy the highest places, in the student environment as well as nationally, these are not considered as problematic as the illegal drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to describe the effects of the new coronavirus pandemic carried out by the mobile emergency care service (SAMU) in Senador Canedo-Goiás in the period 2019-2020. Methods: This is a descriptive ecological study, using the SAMU service bulletins of the respective municipality as a source of information, referring to the period from January 2019 to December 2020. The absolute and relative frequencies of the selected variables were calculated and calculated the chi-square test with a significance level of 5% (p< 0.05). Results: In 2019, 1,078 occurrences were recorded, while in 2020, 1,705 were attended, showing an increase in the number of calls between years. Most attendances were male (2019-2020 - 59.4%) aged between 19 and 45 years (2019-2020 - 36.3%). The main place of occurrence was at home (2019-2020 - 45.9%), in the afternoon shift (2019-2020 - 34.1%) and the highest occurrences were carried out on weekends (2019-2020 - 32, 1%). The main type of occurrence was due to assistance in both years (2019-90.5%; 2020-79.6%), although removal/transport showed a significant demand in 2020 (2019-9.5%; 2020- 20.4% - p= <0.0001). The main reason for attendance was due to clinical causes (2019-19.5%; 2020-28.5% - p= 0.914), followed by external causes (2019-15.3%; 2020-26.6% - p=<0.0001). Conclusion: it was observed that the pandemic significantly influenced the increase in cases of occurrences in the year 2020, increasing the number of removals/ transportation, impacting the health service and it is expected that the unpublished data from the sample obtained can serve as a substrate for the planning and execution of measures aimed at improving health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases. There is a lack of valid animal models that mimic associations among multiple cardiovascular risk factors in humans. The present study developed an animal model that uses multiple cardiovascular risk factors—namely, hypertension, hypothyroidism, and a high-fat diet (HFD). Two models of hypertension were used: renovascular hypertension (two-kidney, one clip [2K1C]) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The naive group was composed of normotensive rats. Twelve weeks after surgery to induce renovascular hypertension, rats in the 2K1C and SHR groups underwent thyroidectomy. The HFD was then implemented for 6 weeks. Renal function, serum redox status, biochemical CVD markers, electrocardiographic profile, blood pressure, mesenteric vascular bed reactivity, histopathology, and morphometry were investigated. Both experimental models induced dyslipidemia, renal function impairment, and hepatic steatosis, accompanied by higher levels of different inflammatory markers and serum oxidative stress. These alterations contributed to end-organ damage in all hypertensive rats. Our findings corroborate a viable alternative model that involves multiple cardiovascular risk factors and resembles conditions that are seen in humans. Both models mimicked CVD, but our data show that SHRs exhibit more significant pathophysiological changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The first bismuth(III) complexes with aroylthioureas were synthesized. • Bismuth(III) aroylthioureas can form mononuclear and oligonuclear species. • Antibacterial properties of bismuth(III) aroylthioureas were evaluated. • Bismuth(III) aroylthioureas complexes are more effective against bacteria than the free ligands. This work describes the synthesis, structural characterization and biological applications of three new bismuth(III) complexes with aroylthiourea-based ligands: [Bi(La) 3 (HLa)] (1), [Bi 2 (Lb) 4 (μ-Lb) 2 ]⋅2(C 3 H 6 O) (2), and [Bi 6 (μ-Lc) 6 (μ 3 -NO 3) 2 (μ 6 -NO 3)](NO 3) 3 ⋅4H 2 O (3), where HLa = N -benzoyl(N′,N′ -diethylthiourea), HLb = N -benzoyl(morpholinylthiourea), and H 2 Lc = N 2, N 6-bis(diethylcarbamothioyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide. The ligands HLa and HLb were considered as monopodal, while H 2 Lc as bipodal. All compounds were characterized by melting point determination, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), elemental analysis (EA) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Structural analysis showed that compound 1 was a mononuclear heptacoordinate complex, while compound 2 presented a dinuclear structure and compound 3 was built up by a hexanuclear framework. The proligands, the new complexes, and Bi(NO 3) 3 ⋅5H 2 O had their antibacterial activities evaluated against E. coli (ATCC 25922), S. aureus (ATCC 25923), and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). The in vitro disk-diffusion (DD) method showed the ability of compound 2 to inhibit two types of bacteria (P. aeruginosa and S. aureus). In the results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), all complexes showed significant activity against the tested microorganisms except for compound 1. The inorganic salt used for comparison showed antibacterial activity only against P. aeruginosa and the ligands showed no apparent activity. Compound 2 presented the best antibacterial activity among the tested substances, and its performance was remarkable even when compared to other similar compounds found in the literature, attesting the importance of targeting bismuth(III) aroylthioureas for further research on new drugs development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mosca-dos-chifres (Haematobia irritans) é um pequeno ectoparasita díptero hematófago que parasita o bovino, causando prejuízos econômicos estimados em 3,24 bilhões de dólares, determinados principalmente pela espoliação e o incomodo ao animal que acarretam perda de peso e diminuição da produção leiteira dentre outros aspectos da produção (GRISI et al., 2002). O estudo, aprovado pela Comissão de Ética no uso de Animais do Instituto de Veterinária da UFRRJ (CEUA N° 4515061217), objetivou avaliar a eficácia da associação a base de clorpirifós e cipermetrina, contra H. irritans em bovinos naturalmente infestados. Foram utilizados 30 bovinos mestiços e o ranqueamento foi feito com base nas médias das contagens do número total de moscas, em ambos os lados do animal, realizadas nos dias D-3 e D-1. Os animais selecionados foram divididos em dois grupos, Grupo Controle (GC) e Grupo Tratado (GT), contendo em cada um, 15 animais. No dia D0, a associação do medicamento foi administrada por via tópica nos animais do GT em dose única de 5 litros por pulverização com auxílio de uma bomba costal. Os animais foram contidos em brete e tratados individualmente. O efeito contra H. irritans foi avaliado por meio de contagens do número de moscas vivas contidos em ambos os lados dos animais nos dias experimentais D+1, D+3, D+7, D+14, D+21, D+28, D+35 e D+42. Diferenças estatísticas significativas (p=0,05) foram verificadas nas médias das contagens de moscas em todos os dias após tratamento dos animais. Os resultados das médias aritméticas de contagens de moscas foram os seguintes para o grupo controle (GC): 95,20 (D+1), 74,07 (D+3), 100,80 (D+7), 79,07 (D+14), 65,53 (D+21), 75,47 (D+28), 92,87 (D+35), 76,93 (D+42); e para o grupo tratado (GT): 0,53 (D+1), 0,40 (D+3), 1,27 (D+7), 4,27 (D+14), 11,80 (D+21), 16,67 (D+28), 29,47 (D+35), 40,07 (D+42). A eficácia observada por dia experimental foi de: 99,4% (D+1), 99,46% (D+3), 98,74% (D+7), 94,60% (D+14), 81,99% (D+21), 77,92% (D+28), 68,27% (D+35) e 47,92% (D+42). Através dos resultados da contagem de H. irritans pôde-se observar antes do tratamento variações de 34 a 114 moscas nos animais. Os resultados demostraram que a associação à base de clorpirifós 50% e cipermetrina 20%, empregada por pulverização, foi efetiva para o tratamento de bovinos naturalmente infestados por H. irritans, apresentando níveis de eficácia acima de 80% por até 21 dias após tratamento. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sarolaner showed 100 % overall efficacy at 24 hs after treatment on naturally Cochliomyia hominivorax myiasis in dogs. • Sarolaner showed an average 50.1 % expulsion rate on C. hominivorax larvae. • A single sarolaner dose is useful on clinical management of primary myiasis by C. hominivorax in dogs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the larval expulsion, larvicidal effect, retention rate of dead larvae and overall efficacy of sarolaner on the treatment of myiasis caused by New World screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax in naturally infested dogs. Eight Beagle dogs received a single dose of saroalner 40 mg, with dosage ranging from 2.7 mg/kg to 3.7 mg/kg. Evaluations occurred every 15 min in the first hour, every hour for up to 6 h, and after 24 h of treatment. At 24 h post-treatment, total wound cleaning was performed, including removal and counting of remaining live and dead larvae. The animals received antibiotic, analgesic and wound cleaning support until complete wound healing. The average expulsion of the larvae was 50.9 % occurring mainly after 4 h of treatment. The larvicidal effect was 70.6 % at 6 h after treatment and 100 % at 24 h. The mean retention rate of dead larvae of sarolaner was 33.9 %, The overall efficacy was 100 %, thus making sarolaner an excellent treatment option in myiasis caused by C. hominivorax larvae in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the association between cephalometric measurements and polysomnographic parameters in Brazilian patients with midface deficiency. This was a primary, clinical, observational, longitudinal, retrospective, analytical, and single-center study. Forty-eight patients with midface deficiency were divided into two groups as follows: those who underwent surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARME) and those who received maxillary advancement (MA). Pre- and post-operative cephalometric and polysomnography measurements were obtained. Pearson's correlation was used to verify the presence of any significant associations between PSG scores and cephalometric measurements. Associations between BMI (Body Mass Index) and AHI (Apnea Hypopnea Index) as well as arousals were observed. In the SARME group, associations between AHI and SNA, UAS and MP-H, arousals and SNA, and Co-A and MP-H were noted. Associations between AHI and Co-A, PoOr-A and MP-H, arousals and UAS, and between minimum saturation of O2 and SNA, SNB, and Co-A were observed in the MA group. This study demonstrates the alterations in the middle third of the face that were related to sleep disturbance. In addition, it shows the associations between the polysomnographic parameters and the cephalometric representations corresponding to the analyzed deformities and transverse or anteroposterior maxillary deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Silicon in plants is a structuring element that promotes water and saline stress tolerance and decreases transpiration. The silica accumulated in the cuticle establishes a physical barrier and helps fight against pests and diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the development of ipê-roxo (Handroanthus impetiginosus) seedlings in different environments, and the application of potassium silicate and its efficiency in mitigating the attack of pests and diseases. Methods: The experiment was carried out in an agricultural greenhouse and under full sun with silicic doses of 0 and 7.15 mg per plant in a completely randomized design arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with 6 replications of 4 seedlings per plot. Plant height, chlorophyll, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, height-diameter ratio, root-shoot ratio, root-plant ratio, Dickson quality index, disease severity, and pest intensity were evaluated. Results: Silicon application did not confer biometric qualities to the seedlings. The application of silicon conferred 24.6% higher protection against disease severity at a 90% probability level. The protected environment promoted 48.8% more protection against the attack of pests on the seedlings. The silicon application decreases the intensity of pests in the protected environment by 36.3%. Seedlings in a protected environment increase the production of chlorophyll but are 29.6% more susceptible to the severity of diseases. The full sun promoted greater diameters, phytomass, and Dickson quality index by 18%, 73%, and 195%, respectively. Conclusions: The best Handroanthus impetiginosus seedlings were obtained under full sun. Silicon mitigated the attack of pests and diseases on Handroanthus impetiginosus seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of sugarcane broth can be affected by soil management. In compacted soils the productivity is reduced, and the raw material is poor. This research aimed to evaluate productivity and quality of sugarcane for four soil management types: (CT) heavy harrow + light harrow; (CTI) Subsoiler + light harrow; (MT) Subsoiler and (NT) no soil movement. The variables investigated were resistance to soil penetration (SPR), the chemical raw material quality (broth) and crop yield. In crop rows, SPR did not reach severe levels up to 0.3 m for sugarcane root development. However, below this layer, MT, NT, and CTI reached SPR limiting values of 2.50, 2.35 and 1.95 MPa, respectively. In inter-crop rows, compaction was concentrated in soil surface layers (0–0.3 m). In addition, all adopted managements presented SPR above the critical value (2 MPa). The soil preparation forms qualitatively affected the sugarcane broth, showing higher fiber and protein contents in NT, MT, and CT. The PS, Brix, TRS, and Pol were not affected by soil management. Still, higher absolute values were found in the NT, indicating an increase in broth quality when applying conservation management. The highest yields were obtained by reduced tillage (MT), surpassing the lowest yield management (NT) with an increase of 10.5 Mg ha−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baccharis milleflora (Less.) DC. is a plant native to Brazil that is frequently used in traditional medicine as a diuretic and antihypertensive. However, even though it is traditionally used for these purposes, its diuretic and hypotensive effects have not been fully elucidated. Investigate the cardiorenal effects of the ethanol-soluble fraction (ESBM) of Baccharis milleflora in normotensive rats. Cladodes of B. milleflora were analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy to provide anatomical data to support quality control. Subsequently, the ESBM was obtained and analyzed using LC-DAD-MS, and its components were annotated. The acute toxicity of ESBM was assessed in female Wistar rats. The acute and prolonged diuretic and hypotensive effects were then studied in Wistar rats. Finally, we assessed the mechanisms responsible for the diuretic effects of ESBM, including the activity of renal Na+/K+/ATPase, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase. Additionally, we also investigated the involvement of bradykinin, prostaglandins, and nitric oxide. From LC-DAD-MS data, thirty-three metabolites were identified from ESBM, including chlorogenic acids, glycosylated phenolic derivatives, C-glycosylated flavones, and O-glycosylated flavonols. No signs of acute toxicity were observed in female rats. The findings showed that ESBM had significant diuretic and natriuretic effects, as well as a potassium-sparing effect. The treatment with ESBM was able to significantly decrease serum levels of creatinine and malondialdehyde, and also significantly increase levels of nitrite, an indirect marker of nitric oxide bioavailability. Furthermore, pre-treatment with L-NAME abolished all diuretic effects induced by ESBM. This study presented important morpho-anatomical and phytochemical data that support the quality control of Baccharis milleflora. The ESBM exhibited a significant diuretic and natriuretic effect following acute and seven-days repeated treatment in Wistar rats, without affecting renal potassium elimination. These effects appear to be dependent on the activation of the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway. This study suggests the potential use of B. milleflora preparations in clinical situations where a diuretic effect is needed. [Display omitted] • Baccharis milleflora is a plant native to Brazil commonly used as a diuretic and antihypertensive. • We investigated the cardiorenal properties of the purified aqueous extract of B. milleflora (ESBM). • We identified 33 compounds in ESBM, including chlorogenic acid, glycosylated phenolic derivatives, flavones, and flavonols. • ESBM showed a significant diuretic and natriuretic effect without affecting renal potassium elimination. • These effects appear to be dependent on the activation of the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploratory study with quantitative method. Data were obtained through a closed and structured questionnaire, self-administered to 500 undergraduates. Data processing and discussion was based on simple and stratified frequencies. In total, 185 (37.1%) students consumed or had used drugs at least once in life. Initial consumption started between the ages of 13 and 21 years. Alcohol is shown as the first drug, followed by snuff and, in descending order, marijuana, benzodiazepines and amphetamines. Regarding self-perception of the effect of drugs among users, this group showed a trend to deny that drugs exert some impact on their academic performance, showing that drugs use is not perceived as a problem if it affects only themselves, but is perceived as a problem if affecting fellow students when consuming drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploratory study with quantitative method. Data were obtained through a closed and structured questionnaire, self-administered to 500 undergraduates. Data processing and discussion was based on simple and stratified frequencies. In total, 185 (37.1%) students consumed or had used drugs at least once in life. Initial consumption started between the ages of 13 and 21 years. Alcohol is shown as the first drug, followed by snuff and, in descending order, marijuana, benzodiazepines and amphetamines. Regarding self-perception of the effect of drugs among users, this group showed a trend to deny that drugs exert some impact on their academic performance, showing that drugs use is not perceived as a problem if it affects only themselves, but is perceived as a problem if affecting fellow students when consuming drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of alcohol and drug users requires an extended reflection on the influence of the family and other social network groups of these individuals. Thus, this study, results of a qualitative study, aimed at investigating the presence of drug users in the social network of individuals undergoing treatment and the possible interventions of the mental health services in the social network of four users of alcohol in the municipality of Alégrete/ RS. Interviews with users and families, genograms and eco-maps were used. The results indicated the presence of drug users in the family and in the other social network groups, and that the group for chemical dependants was the main intervention in these social networks. These results demonstrate the need for directing the actions of mental health to develop healthy bonds, to expand the social network and structure of the group in order to provide benefits which favor effective psychosocial rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to characterize the relationships of students of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of UNAN León, with licit and illicit drugs. This was accomplished by means of a traversal, descriptive study carried out in the year 2008 in the City of Leon, Nicaragua. The SAMSHA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration) questionnaire, adapted for the Nicaraguan context, was applied anonymously. The questionnaire was completed by a total of 954 students, between 17 and 35 years old, of both sexes. It was found that 52.6% of the students used alcohol, 25.3% tobacco, 48.7% medication and 2.6% cocaine. It is necessary to develop other studies to guide prevention and intervention in the university context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This was a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The participant population consisted of 69 students who were attending the fifth year of the Nursing Degree course. A self-administered questionnaire was applied, which was previously validated with a sample of nursing students that were attending other years of the course. The instrument was divided into five domains: general, sociodemographic, economic, personal, familiar and sociocultural information. The study evidence, that the phenomenon of drugs is multifactorial, is associated with sociodemographic, economic, personal, familiar and sociocultural characteristics. The students were predominantly female, of the middle-economic class, with good academic performance, but had unhealthy life styles. Concerning drug consumption, 44.9% had consumed alcoholic beverages and consumed at the time of the study, another smaller percentage smoked tobacco and 1.4% smoked marijuana; in addition, a clear knowledge of risk behaviors and of the consequences to which they are exposed did not exist within this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mismatch between circadian and social clocks leads to a circadian misalignment, which has been widely measured by social jetlag (SJL). There are several studies measuring SJL, but it has not been studied in pregnant women. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the occurrence of SJL throughout pregnancy and to verify whether there is an effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on SJL throughout pregnancy. The baseline of the present study was conducted with 205 1st trimester pregnant women of whom 100 were followed in their 2nd and 3rd trimester. SJL was calculated based on the absolute difference between mid-sleep time on workdays versus work-free days. The pre-pregnancy BMI and current BMI (kg/m2) were calculated. Linear regression and Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) adjusted for confounders were used to determine the association between SJL and the gestational trimesters (time), and anthropometric variables. Most of the pregnant women (54.5%) presented SJL > 1 h in the first gestational trimester. We also found an isolated effect of the gestation trimester on the SJL mean. In this sense, pregnant women had a decrease in SJL from the second to the third trimester (1.33 ± 0.08 versus 1.12 ± 0.07, respectively; p = 0.012). GEE analyzes showed that pregnant women of a normal weight showed a decrease in SJL from the second to the third trimester (1.29 ± 0.11 and 0.93 ± 0.08, respectively, p = 0.032), but this was not found in the other groups of nutritional status (underweight, overweight and obesity). In addition, a positive association between SJL and pre-gestational BMI in the third trimester (β = 0.200, p = 0.046) was found. SJL is quite prevalent during the gestational period and excessive BMI both before and during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of having SJL > 1 h in the third and second trimesters, respectively. In addition, pregnant women of normal weight—but not underweight or overweight—had decreased SJL from the second to the third trimester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) triggers functional and structural alterations in several organs. Whereas lung function impairment is well reported for older adult population, the effect of MS on functional and immunological responses in the lungs remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study we determined whether MS alters pulmonary function, and immunological responses in older adults with MS. The study sample consisted of older adults with MS (68 ± 3 years old; n = 77) and without MS (67 ± 3 years old; n = 77). Impulse oscillometry was used to evaluate airway and tissue resistance, and reactance. Biomarkers of inflammation and fibrosis were assessed in the blood and in breath condensate. The total resistance of the respiratory system (R5Hz; p < 0.009), and the resistance of the proximal (R20Hz; p < 0.001) and distal (R5Hz–R20Hz; p < 0.004) airways were higher in MS individuals compared to those without MS. Pro-inflammatory (leptin, IL-1beta, IL-8, p < 0.001; TNF-alpha, p < 0.04) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (adiponectin, IL-1ra, IL-10, p < 0.001), anti-fibrotic (relaxin 1, relaxin 3, Klotho, p < 0.001) and pro-fibrotic (VEGF, p < 0.001) factors were increased in sera and in breath condensate individuals with MS. The results show that MS adversely affect lung mechanics, function, and immunological response in older adults. The data offer a metabolic basis for the inflammaging of the lungs and suggest the lungs as a potential therapeutic target for controlling the immune response and delaying the onset of impaired lung function in older adults with MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer depends on the efficiency of nuclear reprogramming, with the cycle stage of the donor cell playing a crucial role. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate three different approaches for cell cycle synchronization: (i) serum starvation (SS) for 1 to 4 days, (ii) contact inhibition (CI) for 1 to 3 days, and (iii) using cell cycle regulatory inhibitors (dimethyl sulfoxide, cycloheximide, cytochalasin B, or 6-dimethylaminopurine) for 1 and 2 days, in terms of their effects on synchronization in G0/G1 phases and viability of collared peccary skin fibroblasts. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that SS for 4 days (79.0% ± 1.6) and CI for 3 days (78.0% ± 1.4) increased the percentage of fibroblasts in G0/G1 compared to growing cells GC (68.1% ± 8.6). However, SS for 3 and 4 days reduced the viability evaluated by differential staining (81.4% ± 0.03 and 81.6% ± 0.06) compared to growing cells (GC, 95.9% ± 0.06). CI did not affect the viability at any of the analyzed time intervals. No cell cycle inhibitors promoted synchronization in G0/G1. These results indicate that CI for 3 days was the most efficient method for cell cycle synchronization in peccary fibroblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent disease among elderly population. As the disease progresses, insulin may become necessary. The use of pens application seems to be more practical. However, the influence of this method on glycemic control needs to be defined in elderly people. Methods: Randomized clinical trial comparing pens and syringes for insulin application among patients with type 2 DM over 60 years old and Glycated Hemoglobin > 8.5% at baseline. The follow-up was 24 weeks, with monthly medical visits to adjust the treatment. All patients received insulin NPH and, if necessary, insulin Regular. We assessed glycemic control, adherence to treatment, hypoglycemia occurrence, need for adjustment in treatment and impact on quality of life, Results: We included 121 patients with mean age of 65.75 years. Sixty-one were randomized for pen group (PG) and 60 patients for syringe group (SG). At baseline, mean HbA1c was 10.34 ± 1.66% and 9.90 ± 1.25% (p = 0.103) in PG and SG respectively. Mean HbA1c was 8.39 ± 1.28% in PG and 8.85 ± 1.74% in SG (p = 0.101) at 24 weeks. However, there was a more significant reduction in PG (− 1.94 ± 1.93% in PG and − 1.04 ± 1.46% in SG, p < 0.05) during follow-up. We found no difference in treatment adherence rates, hypoglycemia, greater need for insulin doses or oral medication, and progression to basal-bolus insulin scheme. We also found no difference in the impact of the disease on quality of life between groups. Conclusion: Although we did not find any difference in the impact on quality of life, frequency of hypoglycemia or adherence, the PG showed a reduction in HbA1c higher in 24 weeks of follow-up. Clinical trial registration: NCT02517242 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To optimize the protocols for assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) in collared peccary (Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758), we evaluated various conditions for oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) and chemical activation. Initially, we assessed the IVM rates, cumulus -oocyte complex (COC) quality, and oocyte morphometry in the absence or presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF). There was no difference between the COCs matured in absence or presence of EGF for the expansion of cumulus cells (97.6% ± 1.2 vs. 100% ± 0.0), presence of first polar body (65.9% ± 1.2 vs. 70.5% ± 1.8), nuclear status in second metaphase (62.5% ± 11.6 vs. 68.4% ± 4.9), cytoplasmic maturation (100.0% ± 0.7 vs. 75.0% ± 0.7), reactive oxygen species levels (0.5 ± 0.2 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1), and mitochondrial membrane potential (1.1 ± 0.2 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1). However, the zona pellucida thickness of matured COCs was reduced in the presence of EGF. Thus, the EGF group was used for further experiments. The oocytes were artificially activated with ionomycin and four secondary activator combinations [6-dimethylaminopurine (6D), 6D and cytochalasin B (6D + CB), cycloheximide (CHX), and CHX and CB (CHX + CB)]. The effect of immature COCs based on cumulus cell layers and cytoplasm homogeneity (GI and GII or GIII COCs) on embryonic development and quality was evaluated. There was no difference in the cleavage rates among the groups of secondary activators. The cleavage rates of embryos derived from GI/GII and GIII COCs were greater than 72.2% and 25.0%, respectively. Moreover, treatment with CHX showed a reduction in the cleavage rate of embryos derived from GIII COCs when compared to the cleavage rate of embryos derived from GI/GII COCs (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, higher rates of blastocyst/total GI and GII COCs were observed in the 6D group (27.6% ± 0.3) compared to CHX group (6.9% ± 0.3). Additionally, only 6D treatment resulted in the production of embryos derived from GIII COCs (25.0% ± 0.2). The percentage of the ICM/total cell ratio was also greater in blastocysts derived from 6D (42.5% ± 19.0), 6D + CB (37.9% ± 21.9), and CHX + CB (43.8% ± 19.6) groups when compared to CHX (3.6% ± 0.1) group. Thus, the combination of ionomycin and 6D could produce collared peccary embryos by activation of both GI/GII COCs and GIII COCs. These optimized IVM conditions using EGF and chemical activation using ionomycin and 6D in collared peccaries form the first steps for establishing ARTs to conserve this species. • Ionomycin with 6-DMAP could produce collared peccary blastocysts by activation of both GI/GII COCs and GIII COCs. • Cytochalasin B was beneficial for collared peccary oocyte activation in the presence of cycloheximide. • EGF can be used to supplement the maturation medium for a greater quality of matured collared peccary oocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal studies strongly suggest that timed feeding can have beneficial physiological effects, including protection against the obesogenic and metabolic consequences of a high-fat diet. However, the relationship between variables related to the timing of eating and diet quality in pregnancy women, which is considered as a period of nutritional vulnerability, is still poorly described in the literature. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between time-related eating patterns and chronotype with diet quality of pregnant women. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 pregnant women in the first gestational trimester (≤12 weeks of gestation). The information regarding food intake was obtained by three 24-Hour Dietary Recall (24HR). Time-related eating patterns, i.e., the interval between the first and the last meal (eating duration), nightly fasting, time of the first and last meals, and number of meals eating on a day were determined. Chronotype was derived using the mid-sleep time on free days on weekends, with a further correction for calculated sleep debt. Diet quality was evaluated using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R), validated for the Brazilian population. Linear regression modeling analyses adjusted for confounders were used to investigate the association between time-related eating patterns and chronotype with diet quality. The BHEI-R total score was negatively associated with time of the first meal (β =  −0.355; p = 0.002; r2 adjusted = 0.141), and positively associated with eating duration (β = 0.262; p = 0.024; r2 adjusted = 0.086) and number of meals (β = 0.273; p = 0.019; r2 adjusted = 0.091). In addition, the score of total fruit component was negatively associated with chronotype (β = −0.236; p = 0.033; r2 adjusted = 0.078), time of the first meal (β = −0.393; p = 0.001; r2 adjusted = 0.171), and positively associated with eating duration (β = 0.259; p = 0.022; r2 adjusted = 0.087) and number of meals (β = 0.376; p = 0.001; r2 adjusted = 0.159). The score for whole fruit component was negatively associated with time of the first meal (β = −0.388; p = 0.001; r2 adjusted = 0.152), and positively associated with number of meals (β = 0.403; p = 0.001; r2 adjusted = 0.164). A longer eating duration, earlier time of the first meal, higher number of meals and morningness tendency are associated with a better diet quality in the first gestational trimester - higher scores of the total BHEI-R and/or fruit components. We suggest that nutritional guidelines should consider time-related eating patterns and chronotype to ensure good diet quality of pregnant women since the beginning of gestation, contributing on prevention of metabolic-nutritional complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mango seed waste consists of tegument and almond and represents a considerable environmental problem in Brazil, due to the large amounts produced in the industrial processing of the fruit. An interesting alternative of utilising the mango seed waste is in the production of bio-oil by pyrolysis. The aim of this study was to produce bio-oil by pyrolysis of mango seed waste and observe its detailed chemical composition. The biomass, tegument and almond, were submitted to a pyrolysis in a fixed bed reactor at different final temperatures (450 °C/550 °C and 650 °C). The higher bio-oil yield obtained for tegument was 38.8% at 650 °C and for almond 28.1% at 450 °C. The bio-oils detailed compositions were investigated using GC × GC/TOFMS allied to software tools, retention index and dispersion graphics. A total number of 108 and 120 compounds tentatively identified in tegument-bio-oil and almond-bio-oil, respectively were found. The chemical compositions in each bio-oil were different. The major classes were: phenols (32.6%) and ketones (22.9%) in tegument-bio-oil and ketones (20.6%), acids (16.8%) and hydrocarbons (7.2%) in almond bio-oil. This is the first time that bio-oil has been produced by pyrolysis of mango seed waste and these bio-oils showed potential for the production of chemical and liquid fuels, proving to be a good option for the destination of this waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Croton urucurana Baill. (Euphorbiaceae), popularly known as 'sangue de dragão' is a Brazilian species widely used in traditional medicine for cardiovascular ailments. To investigate the cardiovascular effects of the C. urucurana extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Leaves from C. urucurana were collected and morphoanatomically characterized. The ethanol-soluble fraction (ESCU) was obtained and analyzed by LC-DAD-MS. Using female Wistar rats we investigated the acute toxicity of ESCU. Then, SHRs (six months old) received vehicle, hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg), or ESCU (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) for 28 days. At the beginning and at the end of treatments, urine samples were obtained to assess renal function. At the end of the trial period, the blood pressure, mesenteric vascular beds (MVBs) reactivity, and electrocardiographic profile were evaluated. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, as well as urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, nitrite, malondialdehyde, nitrotyrosine, and aldosterone levels were determined. Relative organ weights and histopathological analysis were performed. Finally, the cardiac function on a Langendorff system, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in the vasodilator effects of ESCU in MVBs were also investigated. The compounds annotated from ESCU by LC-DAD-MS included mainly phenylpropanoid derivatives, alkaloids, O-glycosylated megastigmanes, glycosylated flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and others, such as quercetin O-deoxyhexosyl-hexoside, magnoflorine, reticuline, and taspine. None of the animals showed any signs of toxicity. Male SHRs treated only with the vehicle showed important cardiovascular changes, including a reduction in renal function, increase in serum oxidative stress, and hemodynamic, electrocardiographic, and morphological changes typical of hypertensive disease. Moreover, parameters of cardiac function, including left ventricular developed pressure, peak rate of contraction, peak rate of relaxation, and the rate pressure product were significantly altered, showing a significant impairment of ventricular function. All ESCU-doses presented a significant cardioprotective effect in SHRs rats. The 28-day treatment normalized the hemodynamic, electrocardiographic, morphological, and renal impairments, as well as reversed the changes in ventricular function induced by hypertension. In MVBs with an intact endothelium, ESCU (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg) dose-dependently induced vasodilation. Endothelium removal or the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase prevented the vasodilatory effect of ESCU. Perfusion with a physiological saline solution that contained KCl, tetraethylammonium, or apamin also abolished the vasodilatory effect of ESCU. Prolonged ESCU-treatment showed significant cardioprotective effects in SHRs. Moreover, the data showed the role of nitric oxide and calcium-activated small conductance potassium channels in the cardiovascular effects of ESCU. [Display omitted] • Croton urucurana extract (ESCU) is used in Brazilian traditional medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. • We evaluated the cardioprotective effects induced by ESCU on male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). • Prolonged ESCU-treatment normalized all renal and cardiovascular alterations in SHR. • C. urucurana showed cardioprotective effects by nitric oxide pathway and Ca2+ activated small conductance K+ channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate and correlate masticatory efficiency (ME) and maximum bite force (MBF) in adult individuals of both genders with normal occlusion. Design The study was conducted in a university research centre. ME and MBF were evaluated in 55 adults (27 men and 28 women) with normal occlusion. All subjects chewed four fuchsin capsules (two on the right and two on the left molar region) for 15 chewing cycles with a 3-min interval between capsules. The concentration of fuchsin in the capsules was determined by spectrophotometry and stratified by gender and chewing side. Bite force (BF) was measured three times on both the left and right molars; the highest value of the three measurements on each side was taken as the MBF. Results ME was higher in women (right side, 1.17 ± 016 μg/mL; left side, 1.20 ± 0.15 μg/mL) than in men (right side, 0.92 ± 0.24 μg/mL; left side, 0.89 ± 0.24 μg/mL). The MBF was higher in men (right side, 632 ± 174 N; left side, 627 ± 170 N) compared with women (right side, 427 ± 140 N; left side, 420 ± 112 N). No significant differences in chewing efficiency and BF were found between sides for both genders. Conclusions Women showed the highest ME, while men had the highest MBF, with no correlation between these two parameters among genders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The main objective of this work is to investigate the chemical composition of the volatile compounds produced during the pyrolysis of sugar cane straw (SCS). The pyrolysis was conducted in a vertical furnace using a quartz reactor at a temperature of 700°C (7g of SCS, heating rate of 60°C/min, flux of 1mLmin−1 of N2 and 5min of hold time at the final temperature). Pyrolysis products (solid residue and bio-oil) were analyzed. The original biomass and the residual solid phase were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The biomass showed a TGA profile similar to cellulose and, according to FTIR analysis, it was rich in oxygenated compounds. The FTIR analysis of solid residue indicated that it was composed mainly by silica. Comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry detector (GC×GC/TOFMS) was applied in the identification and semi-quantification of main compounds in bio-oil, allowing the identification of 123 compounds, mainly oxygenated (acids, ethers, aldehydes, ketones and phenols) with a predominance of furfural and hexenoic acid. The GC×GC/TOFMS allowed a group type classification of the compounds and a spatial organization that facilitated the identification of the main compounds in the 2D diagram. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Schizophrenia is a complex and heterogeneous psychiatric disorder. Auditory verbal hallucinations occur in 50–70% of patients with schizophrenia and are associated with significant distress, decreased quality of life and impaired social functioning. This study aimed to investigate the effects of active compared with sham 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the left temporal-parietal cortex in patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine. Symptom dimensions that were evaluated included general psychopathology, severity of auditory hallucinations, quality of life and functionality. Seventeen right-handed patients with refractory schizophrenia experiencing auditory verbal hallucinations and treated with clozapine were randomly allocated to receive either active rTMS or sham stimulation. A total of 384 min of rTMS was administered over 20 days using a double-masked, sham-controlled, parallel design. There was a significant reduction in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores in the active group compared with the sham group. There was no significant difference between active and sham rTMS on Quality of Life Scale (QLS), Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (AHRS), Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) and functional assessment staging (FAST) scores. Compared with sham stimulation, active rTMS of the left temporoparietal cortex in clozapine-treated patients showed a positive effect on general psychopathology. However, there was no effect on refractory auditory hallucinations. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aim of this study was to survey the frequency of experimentation and consumption of drugs in high-school students in Cordoba, Argentina, relating it to socio-demographic variables. An observational-analytical method was employed, on the basis of the records of the Secretary for the Planning of Drug-Addiction Prevention and Fighting of Drug- Trafficking. Statistical. Bivariate analysis, odds ratio and confidence interval were applied in the processing of each variable. Alcohol consumption was found to be more frequent among males. Of the subjects 12.2% had tried some type of illicit substance. Tranquilizers were the most commonly used psycho-medicine. Drug consumption increased with age, years of schooling and availability of money. Our detection of an epidemiological situation is deemed useful for prevention strategies for drug addiction among teenagers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]