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The distortion induced by ocean turbulence has a substantial impact on the propagation of light in water, posing challenges for applications including underwater wireless optical communications and submarine surveys. Obtaining accurate information about the properties of oceanic turbulence (OT), particularly the parameters describing OT, is crucial for addressing these challenges and enhancing the performance of such applications. In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) and validate its ability to recognize OT parameters. The physical quantities of oceanic turbulence collectively influence the formation and strength of turbulence. We recognize the dissipation rate of temperature variance χ T and the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate ɛ, taking into account various balance parameter ω, transmission distance z. Furthermore, in order to simultaneously recognize χ T and ɛ, we enhanced the existing network by modifying the output structure, resulting in a dual-output architecture that facilitates concurrent classification of both χ T and ɛ. Our method for classifying turbulence parameters will contribute to the field of underwater wireless optical communication and promote its further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The development of novel materials for electrodes with high energy densities is essential to the advancement of energy storage technologies. In this study, N -doped layered porous carbon with ZIF-67-derived binary CoFe 2 O 4 -Fe particles was successfully fabricated by the pyrolysis of an Fe-based chitosan (CS) hydrogel mixed with ZIF-67 particles. Various characterization techniques were employed to assess the performance of the prepared porous CoFe 2 O 4 -Fe@NC composite. This composite exhibits excellent performance owing to the effective combination of multivalent CoFe 2 O 4 -Fe particles derived from ZIF-67 with N -doped porous carbon substances with a high surface area, which helps to accelerate ion and charge transfer. The specific capacitance of the CoFe 2 O 4 -Fe@NC composite carbonized at 700 °C reached 3960.9F/g at 1 A/g. When this composite is combined with activated carbon (AC) to construct an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC), a density of energy of up to 84.9 W h kg−1 is attained at a power capacity of 291.6 W kg−1. Moreover, this composite maintained a capacitance retention of up to 94.9 % after 10,000 cycles. This work offers new perspectives on high-performance supercapacitors and their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) causing vector-borne diseases (VBDs) can circulate among humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, with cattle in particular serving as an important source of exposure risk to humans. The close associations between humans and cattle can facilitate the transmission of numerous VBPs, impacting public health and economic security. Published studies demonstrate that cattle can influence human exposure risk positively, negatively, or have no effect. There is a critical need to synthesize the information in the scientific literature on this subject, in order to illuminate the various ecological mechanisms that can affect VBP exposure risk in humans. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to review the scientific literature, provide a synthesis of the possible effects of cattle on VBP risk to humans, and propose future directions for research. This study was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 extension guidelines for systematic review. After screening 470 peer-reviewed articles published between 1999–2019 using the databases Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed Central, CABI Global Health, and Google Scholar, and utilizing forward and backward search techniques, we identified 127 papers that met inclusion criteria. Results of the systematic review indicate that cattle can be beneficial or harmful to human health with respect to VBDs depending on vector and pathogen ecology and livestock management practices. Cattle can increase risk of exposure to infections spread by tsetse flies and ticks, followed by sandflies and mosquitoes, through a variety of mechanisms. However, cattle can have a protective effect when the vector prefers to feed on cattle instead of humans and when chemical control measures (e.g., acaricides/insecticides), semio-chemicals, and other integrated vector control measures are utilized in the community. We highlight that further research is needed to determine ways in which these mechanisms may be exploited to reduce VBD risk in humans. Author summary: Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are caused by pathogens spread by blood-feeding arthropods from an infected to an uninfected organism. These infections may be caused by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or protozoans and arthropod vectors may spread these pathogens to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Humans and cattle spend a significant amount of time in close proximity with each other through various activities such as agriculture, animal husbandry, trading, and animal farming, which can potentially increase risk to human health. Previously published studies indicated cattle can impact vector-borne pathogen (VBP) transmission both positively and negatively, however, there has not been a recent synthesis of the scientific literature on this subject. Through this global systematic review of the scientific literature, we found that cattle could have either harmful or beneficial impacts on human health when it comes to VBDs, but most often increase exposure risk to VBPs in humans. We identified various mechanisms from the scientific literature by which cattle can impact VBP risk in humans. Further research is needed to better understand specific ecological mechanisms by which cattle impact human health and develop measures that will prevent and reduce VBP exposure risk in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional model predictive direct speed control (MP-DSC) has received extensive attention because of its easy implementation, fast dynamic response, and simple structure. However, weighting factor and parameter mismatch are two key factors restricting the control performance of MP-DSC. In this article, a model-free hybrid parallel predictive speed control (MF-HPPSC) based on ultralocal model is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems. First, the multiobjective parallel predictive speed control method realizes synchronous control of speed, torque, and flux linkage without weighting factor. The original excellent dynamic response capability is guaranteed, and the steady-state performance is simultaneously enhanced. Moreover, the linear extended state observer (LESO) designed by the unique ultralocal model makes the calculation process of future state prediction without any machine parameters, and the robustness of the system is significantly improved. Finally, the simulation and experiment comparison among the conventional MP-DSC, conventional model-free control, and the proposed MF-HPPSC verified the superiority of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mutualistic interactions between mycorrhizae and plants first occurred along with the terrestrialization of plants. The majority of vascular plants are in symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi. Due to their importance to the economy and ecology, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi emerge as the most popular ones. However, the mechanism underlying the beneficial function of ECM fungi is not as clear as AM fungi. Here, the interaction between Parametarhizium hingganense, a novel fungal species isolated from forest litter, and mung bean (Vigna radiata) was studied. P. hingganense demonstrated P solubilization ability in vitro. Treatment of P. hingganense on the seeds resulted in promoted growth with enhanced P content. The hyphae of green fluorescence protein (GFP)-tagged P. hingganense were found to surround the roots and develop between cells, suggesting the establishment of an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Upon symbiosis with P. hingganense, the levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellin (GA1) and total phenolic and flavonoid content elevated. Meanwhile, damping off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in mycorrhizal plants was alleviated. Taken together, the above findings suggested that symbiosis with P. hingganense conferred growth promotion and priming of defense responses to host plants which should be associated with facilitated P uptake and increased JA and GA1 levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of new high-performance, low-cost, and eco-friendly electrode materials is crucial for improving electrochemical performance. In this research, a three-dimensional interconnected porous composite electrode is synthesized, comprising bimetallic oxide of CoFe 2 O 4 and Co 3 Fe 7 alloy with porous carbon derived from carboxymethyl cellulose (CoFe 2 O 4 -Co 3 Fe 7 @C), through a straightforward high-temperature annealing process. Various characterizations are conducted on the CoFe 2 O 4 -Co 3 Fe 7 @C composites. The incorporation of CoFe 2 O 4 and Co 3 Fe 7 nanoparticles into the CMC-derived porous carbon enhances electron conduction pathways and reduces internal electrode resistance, resulting in outstanding electrochemical performance. When the CoFe 2 O 4 -Co 3 Fe 7 @C composite is carbonized at 700 °C with a current density of 0.5 A g−1, its specific capacitance reaches 3405.25 F g−1. At a power density of 321.44 W kg−1, an asymmetric supercapacitor with activated carbon as the positive and negative electrode and CoFe 2 O 4 -Co 3 Fe 7 @C-700 as the positive electrode has a maximum energy density of 187.59 Wh kg−1. Moreover, after 10,000 cycles, the composite shows 90.05 % cycling stability. This study paves the way for innovation in energy storage technology. • Multi-component electrodes of CMC-derived porous carbon loaded with CoFe 2 O 4 and Co 3 Fe 7 nanoparticles have been investigated. • The optimized CoFe 2 O 4 -Co 3 Fe 7 @C-700 shows a high specific capacity of 3405.25 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. • The CoFe 2 O 4 -Co 3 Fe 7 @C-700//AC device delivers an energy density of 187.59 W h kg−1 at 321.44 W kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of nanofibrous K-Mn-Ce composite oxide catalysts were prepared via a centrifugal spinning method for the first time, and their physicochemical properties were studied. The prepared K 0.3x Mn x Ce 1-x O δ metal oxide catalyst, which is a composite of CeO 2 and cryptopotassium manganese-type K 2-x Mn 8 O 16 , exhibits a hierarchical nanotube structure with uniform nanoneedles on its surface. During the process of soot oxidation, CeO 2 utilizes its unique oxygen storage and release capacity to supply oxygen species. Simultaneously, the excellent redox properties of K 2-x Mn 8 O 16 effectively promote valence cycling of the active components and produce more active oxygen species. This synergistic effect effectively enhances the intrinsic activity of the catalysts. Among the prepared catalysts, K 0.15 Mn 0.5 Ce 0.5 O δ exhibits the highest catalytic performance, with 10% (T 10), 50% (T 50), and 90% (T 90) soot conversion temperatures of 267 °C, 309 °C, and 338 °C, respectively, and shows good stability and water and sulfur resistance. Based on their simple preparation, low cost, and good catalytic performance, K 0.3x Mn x Ce 1-x O δ composite metal oxide catalysts have good potential in catalytic soot combustion applications. [Display omitted] • The hierarchical nanotube K 0.3x Mn x Ce 1−x O δ catalysts were synthesized by centrifugal spinning method. • The catalysts exhibit hollow nanotubular structure with a large number of nanoneedles uniformly distributed on the surface. • The prepared K 0.3x Mn x Ce 1−x O δ catalysts exhibit excellent performance for soot combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the existing methodologies for evaluating heterogeneity in zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) models are often assuming that the Poisson mean is a function of nuisance parameters. However, these nuisance parameters can be misspecified when performing these methodologies, the validity and the power of the test may be affected. In this article, we primarily focus on investigating the impact of misspecification on the performance of score test for homogeneity in ZIP models. Through an intensive simulation study, we find that: 1) under misspecification, the limiting distribution of the score test statistic under the null no longer follows a χ 2 distribution. A parametric bootstrap methodology is suggested to use to find the true null limiting distribution of the score test statistic; 2) the power of the test decreases as the number of covariates in the Poisson mean increases. The test with a constant Poisson mean has the highest power, even compared to the test with a well-specified mean. At last, simulation results are applied to the Wuhan Inpatient Care Insurance data which contain excess zeros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the cognitive mechanisms underlying action anticipation in volleyball players, especially concerned with the differences between experts and amateurs. Participants included both expert (male, N = 26) and amateur (male, N = 23) volleyball players, who were asked to predict spiking movements containing high, medium, and low levels of kinematic information while their electrophysiological activities were recorded. The high-information stimuli included the whole spiking action, the medium-information stimuli ended at 120 ms, and the low-information stimuli ended at 160 ms before hand–ball contact. The results showed that experts significantly outperformed amateurs in both prediction accuracy (68% in experts vs. 55% in amateurs) and reaction time (475.09 ms in experts vs. 725.81 ms in amateurs) under the medium-information condition. Analysis of alpha rhythm activity revealed that experts exhibited the strongest desynchronization under the low-information condition, suggesting increased attentional engagement. In contrast, amateurs showed the weakest desynchronization under the medium-information condition. Furthermore, mu rhythm activity analysis showed greater desynchronization in the duration of 100–300 ms before hand–ball contact for experts, correlating with their higher anticipation accuracy. These findings highlight the significant kinematic information-processing abilities of volleyball experts and elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying efficient attentional engagement and mirroring. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for the development of targeted training programs through which to enhance athletic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an NN-based cooperative control scheme for a type of continuous nonlinear system. The model studied in this paper is designed as an interconnection topology, and the main consideration is the connection mode of the undirected graph. In order to ensure the online sharing of learning knowledge, this paper proposes a novel weight update scheme. In the proposed update scheme, the weights of the neural network are discrete, and these discrete weights can gradually approach the optimal value through cooperative learning, thereby realizing the control of the unknown nonlinear system. Through the trained neural network, it is proved if the interconnection topology is undirected and connected, the state of the unknown nonlinear system can converge to the target trajectory after a finite time, and the error of the system can converge to a small neighbourhood around the origin. It is also guaranteed that all closed-loop signals in the system are bounded. A simulation example is provided to more intuitively prove the effectiveness of the proposed distributed cooperative learning control scheme at the end of the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing aging of the Chinese population, the issue of safeguarding the welfare of older adults has emerged in social governance. Currently, the primary strategy to address this issue is the guardianship system, which is plagued with various challenges in judicial practice. Through two consecutive and contingent studies, for the first time, this research investigated the status quo of China's guardianship disputes involving older adult wards, analysed the missing role of social workers during the civil litigation process of these disputes, and identified the subtypes of disputes to which judicial social work could contribute. In the first study, 12 members of a district court of Shanghai who have dealt with such disputes were interviewed to explore the potential roles of social workers. Findings highlight the prospects of social workers serving as assessors and conveners during court hearings, supervisors and moderators after the court hearing, and facilitators and carers throughout the litigation process. In the second study, 16 cases of guardianship disputes involving incapacitated older adult wards were extracted from this court through systematic sampling and processed with crisp‐set qualitative comparative analysis. Findings reveal the types of cases in which social workers should intervene. This article advocates for involving professionally trained social workers in China's civil court setting to safeguard incapacitated older adults' welfare further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influences of six orifice chamber configurations on performance characteristics of aerostatic thrust bearings under various operating conditions are thoroughly studied using the computational fluid dynamics approach. Experiments are carried out to further verify the simulations. The obtained results show that there are many differences in performance behaviors of the aerostatic thrust bearing caused by different orifice chamber shapes. Further analysis represents that the pressure depression, gas vortices, and the turbulent intensity which are all weakened with decreasing air film thickness. The load capacity of the aerostatic thrust bearing slightly decreases with increasing rotational speeds of the spindle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating second order nonlinear ( χ (2) ) optical materials on chip is an ongoing challenge for Si photonics. Noncentrosymmetric molecular crystals have the potential to deliver high χ (2) nonlinearity with good thermal stability, but so far have been limited to growth from solution or the melt, which are both difficult to control and scale up in manufacturing. Here, we show that large (>100 μm) single crystal domains of the nonlinear molecule 2-[3-(4-hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene] malononitrile (OH1) can be grown monolithically on either glass or Si via vacuum evaporation, followed by a short thermal annealing step. The crystallites are tens of nanometer thick and exhibit strong second harmonic generation with their primary χ (2) tensor component lying predominantly in plane. Remarkably, we find that a single domain can grow uninterrupted through nearby channels etched on a Si wafer, which may provide a path to integrate OH1 on Si or Si3N4 waveguides for a broad range of χ (2) -based photonic integrated circuit functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degradation of the artificial sweetener acesulfame (ACE) was investigated using an ultraviolet (UV) 365 -activated peroxydisulfate (PDS) process. The results demonstrated that the ACE reaction rate with the UV/PDS process followed pseudo first-order kinetics (R2 > 0.9) under various conditions. A high dosage of PDS, alkaline condition, and the existence of NO 3 − and Cl− enhanced ACE degradation; however, a high dosage of ACE, the existence of HCO 3 −, humic acid, and fulvic acid, and a real water matrix did not facilitate the degradation of ACE. Four types of transformation products were detected in the degradation of ACE by UV/PDS, and the primary degradation pathways were oxidation, hydroxyl substitution, hydrolysis, and hydration. The hydroxyl radicals played a predominant role (71.31%) in the degradation of ACE by the UV/PDS process, followed by sulfate radicals (14.57%) and UV photolysis (8.83%). Both the degradation and mineralization rates of ACE using the UV/PDS process had significant advantages over that of the UV/H 2 O 2 process regarding ACE degradation, indicating that the UV/PDS process is more promising for treating water containing ACE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an extension of the classical De Giorgi class, and then we show that functions in this new class are locally bounded and locally Hölder continuous. Some applications are given. As a first application, we give a regularity result for local minimizers u : Ω ⊂ R 4 → R 4 of a special class of polyconvex functionals with splitting form in four dimensional Euclidean spaces. Under some structural conditions on the energy density, we prove that each component u α of the local minimizer u belongs to the generalized De Giorgi class, then one can derive that it is locally bounded and locally Hölder continuous. Our result can be applied to polyconvex integrals whose prototype is ∫ Ω (∑ α = 1 4 | D u α | p + ∑ β = 1 6 | (adj 2 D u) β | q + ∑ γ = 1 4 | (adj 3 D u) γ | r + | det ⁡ D u | s) d x with suitable p , q , r , s ≥ 1. As a second application, we consider a degenerate linear elliptic equation of the form − div (a (x) ∇ u) = − div F , with 0 < a (x) ≤ β ¯ < + ∞. We prove, by virtue of the generalized De Giorgi class, that any weak solution is locally bounded and locally Hölder continuous provided that 1 a (x) and F (x) belong to some suitable locally integrable function spaces. As a third application, we show that our theorem can be applied in dealing with regularity issues of elliptic equations with non-standard grow conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing environmental awareness, the issue of atmospheric pollution has gained significant attention. Specifically, three types of atmospheric pollutants, namely, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide, have become the focus of widespread concern. In addressing these pollutants, mesoporous zeolites have emerged as promising materials due to their large specific surface area, which enables effective dispersion of active sites, and their large pore volume, which facilitates efficient diffusion. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the preparation methods of mesoporous zeolites and their applications in removing nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide. It also highlights the challenges and limitations faced by the application of mesoporous zeolites in pollutant removal and emphasizes their potential as efficient catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reservoirs in the Weicheng Oilfield, which occur in Paleogene Shahejie Formation Member 4 (Es4), were formed during the initial and strongly rifting stage of the Dongpu Depression. The geometry and distribution of sands of different types have controlled the heterogeneity of the reservoirs and have resulted in exploration challenges and relatively low recoveries. Based on various static and dynamic geological data including drilling, logging, seismic and production data, the microfacies features and distribution of Es4 were analyzed. Geostatistical three-dimensional (3-D) models and an integrated numerical simulation were constructed to quantify the geometry, spatial distribution and continuity of the reservoir sands and to predict the remaining oil distribution rules. Two depositional systems were recognized in Es4: terminal fans deposits in the lower part and partial shallow-lake deposits in the upper part. The three-dimensional geological model provided insights into the external and internal geometries, distributions and physical properties of the reservoir units. A sedimentary and connectivity feature analysis suggested four types of flow units: Type I units, which are primary sands of distributary channels and bars; Type II units, which are primary sands of proximal overbank and beaches; Type III units, which are sands of distal overbank; and Type IV units, which are mud flats and inter-beach-bar. The numerical simulation reproduced the changing process of the remaining oil, and the areas that have both high remaining oil saturations and reserve abundance, which are controlled by micro-facies and influenced by the structural trend and injection-production relations, comprise the key potential reservoirs: the sand pinch-out area, the imperfect pattern area and structural highs in Type I units and most of the areas in Type II units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lenses are fundamental elements in many optical applications. However, various aberrations are inevitably present in lenses, which will affect the distribution of focused light intensity and optical imaging. Accurately predicting the aberrations of a lens is of great significance. Nevertheless, quantitatively measuring the aberrations of a lens, especially when multiple aberrations are present simultaneously, is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a method based on a designed deep residual network called Y-ResNet to measure the astigmatism and coma of a lens simultaneously. The Y-ResNet was trained on the focused image pattern of a Gaussian beam passing through a lens with astigmatism and coma. The trained network can accurately predict the aberration coefficients of the lens with 0.99 specificity, 0.925 precision, 0.9382 recall, and a 0.9406 F1-score achieved on astigmatism and 0.99 specificity, 0.956 precision, 0.98 recall, and a 0.954 F1-score achieved on coma. Specifically, even if only part of the intensity distribution of the light spot is captured, the network can accurately estimate the aberrations of the lens with an accuracy of over 90% on coma and can identify astigmatism aberration features. This paper can provide a feasible method for correcting beam patterns caused by aberration based on deep learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen oxides emitted from diesel vehicle exhaust seriously endanger the atmospheric environment and human health, which have attracted people's attention. Among numerous nitrogen oxide (NOx) removal technologies, photocatalytic removal of NOx and SCR have received widespread attention. The photocatalytic treatment of NOx technology is a good choice due to its mild reaction conditions and low costs. Moreover, NH3-SCR has been widely used in denitration technology and plays an important role in controlling NOx emissions. In NH3-SCR technology, the development of high-efficiency catalysts is an important part. This paper summarizes the research progress of metal oxide catalysts for NH3-SCR reactions, including V-based catalysts, Mn-based catalysts, Fe-based catalysts, Ce-based catalysts, and Cu-based catalysts. Meanwhile, the detailed process of the NH3-SCR reaction was also introduced. In addition, this paper also describes a possible SO2 poisoning mechanism and the stability of the catalysts. Finally, the problems and prospects of metal oxide catalysts for NOx removal were also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of oligosaccharides via xylan hydrolysis is an effective way to add value to hemicellulosic material of agricultural waste. The bacterial strain Streptomyces L10608, isolated from soil, contains genes encoding xylanases of glucoside hydrolase family 10/11 (GH10/11), and these have been cloned to catalyze the production of xylooligosaccharide (XOS). To improve the XOS proportion of hydrolysates produced by xylanase, four amino acid residues were substituted by site-directed mutagenesis, and the mutant genes were overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Mutations replaced the codons encoding Asn214 (+2) and Asn86 (-2) by Ala and removed the Ricin B-lectin domain in GH10-xyn, and mutants Y115A (-2) and Y123A (-2) were produced for GH11-xyn. Interestingly, GH10-N86Q had significantly increased hydrolysis of XOS and almost eliminated xylose (X1) to <2.5%, indicating that the -2 binding site of GH10-xyn of L10608 is required for binding with xylotriose (X3). The hydrolytic activity of GH10-N86Q was increased approximately 1.25-fold using beechwood xylan as a substrate and had high affinity for the substrate with a low Km of about 1.85 mg·mL-1. Otherwise, there were no significant differences in enzymatic properties between GH10-N86Q and GH10-xyn. These mutants offer great potential for modification of xylanase with desired XOS hydrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are both the most common underlying diseases leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and NAFLD and HBV infection are the first and second leading causes of chronic liver disease in China. However, there are still a lot of controversies about whether the combined presence of CHB and NAFLD will affect the course or outcome of liver disease together with HBV, and how the two affect each other. Objective. To investigate the effect of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods. Computer searches of databases such as PubMed, CNKI, VIP.com, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform were used. The time frame was from the creation of the database to June 2022. The search subject terms were hepatitis B, CHB, or NAFLD. The observation group consisted of patients with e antigen-positive CHB with NAFLD, and the control group consisted of patients with e-antigen + CHB. Extracts including title, name, date of publication, number of samples, antiviral drugs, and outcome indicators were used for Meta-analysis. Funnel plots were drawn to analyze literature bias. Results. Seven papers including 1348 patients with HBeAg + CHB (observation group: n = 547, control group: n = 801) were finally included. Results. Meta-analysis showed that CHB patients with NAFLD had lower efficacy than CHB patients after 48 weeks of antiviral treatment with nucleotide analogs, as measured by three outcome indicators HBV DNA conversion rate, ALT-normalization, and HBeAg conversion rate. Conclusion. NAFLD reduces the effect of antiviral therapy in CHB patients, and the clinicopathological features of patients with NAFLD combined with chronic hepatitis B are different from those of patients with chronic hepatitis B alone, so early diagnosis by liver histological examination should be actively performed and reasonable antiviral therapy should be administered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The investigation of surface mid-frequency waviness and machine tool vibration from diverse sources is conducted through micro-planning experiments. The research delves into the influence of cutting conditions on vibration and mid-frequency waviness. • The influence of various components within the cutting force on vibration and mid-frequency waviness in UPM is elucidated through the acquisition, processing, and analysis of cutting force data. • The study discovered a discrepancy in the influence of cutting force on the vibration of stationary and moving components. Cutting force serves as the main excitation source for the vibration of the stationary part, while it exhibits an impedance role in the vibration of the moving part. • The research revealed that the stability and attenuation of the waviness caused by the stationary and moving parts vibration are different spatially and temporally. In addition to the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool, cutting conditions significantly influences the vibration of the cutting system and mid-frequency waviness of the workpiece surface in ultra-precision machining (UPM). In this work, the effects of cutting conditions on machining vibration and surface waviness were investigated by high-speed micro-planning experiments. The origin of vibration and waviness were elucidated by frequency-domain processing of the vibration signal and surface waviness analysis. The dynamic characteristics of machine tool are determined using modal test and analysis. The results revealed that the cutting force has different contributions to the workpiece vibration and tool vibration. In the time domain, distinct differences can be found in stability and attenuation of various waviness components. The divergent effects of cutting force components in different vibration forms are confirmed through a novel cutting force model of micro-planing. The investigation can further reveal the formation mechanisms of cutting system vibration and surface waviness during the micro-cutting process, which can provide practical guidance for suppressing mid-frequency waviness on machined surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public health events caused by pathogens have imposed significant economic and societal burdens. However, conventional methods still face challenges including complex operations, the need for trained operators, and sophisticated instruments. Here, we proposed a fully integrated and automated centrifugal microfluidic chip, also termed IACMC, for point-of-care multiplexed molecular diagnostics by harnessing the advantages of active and passive valves. The IACMC incorporates multiple essential components including a pneumatic balance module for sequential release of multiple reagents, a pneumatic centrifugation-assisted module for on-demand solution release, an on-chip silicon membrane module for nucleic acid extraction, a Coriolis force-mediated fluid switching module, and an amplification module. Numerical simulation and visual validation were employed to iterate and optimize the chip's structure. Upon sample loading, the chip automatically executes the entire process of bacterial sample lysis, nucleic acid capture, elution quantification, and isothermal LAMP amplification. By optimizing crucial parameters including centrifugation speed, direction of rotation, and silicone membrane thickness, the chip achieves exceptional sensitivity (twenty-five Salmonella or forty Escherichia coli) and specificity in detecting Escherichia coli and Salmonella within 40 min. The development of IACMC will drive advancements in centrifugal microfluidics for point-of-care testing and holds potential for broader applications in precision medicine including high-throughput biochemical analysis immune diagnostics, and drug susceptibility testing. • A novel fully integrated and automated centrifugal microfluidic chip, also termed IACMC, is proposed for point-of-care multiplexed molecular diagnostics by harnessing the advantages of active and passive valves. • Upon sample loading, the chip automatically executes the entire process of bacterial sample lysis, nucleic acid capture elution quantification, and isothermal LAMP amplification. • The IACMC achieves exceptional sensitivity (twenty-five Salmonella or forty Escherichia coli) and specificity in detecting Escherichia coli and Salmonella within 40 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel naphthalimide derivatives‐based chemosensors with the terminal groups of ethanediamine and 1,3‐diaminopropane (1 and 2) were designed and synthesized. Two compounds exhibited obvious solvatochromism properties. They could respond to some kinds of acyl chlorides through reaction with the ethylenediamine group and propylene diamine group at 4‐site. It was found that they had different response performance due to their different terminal groups. Compound 1 could sensitively detect thionyl chloride (SOCl2) and oxalyl chloride ((COCl)2) with the low limit detection (LOD) of 29.54 nΜ and 151.6 pM in the solution state, respectively. Moreover, film 1 could also respond to the abovementioned acyl chloride gases with LOD of 35.5 and 91.98 ppb, respectively. It was different that compound 2 could selectively detect (COCl)2 with a low LOD of 243.4 pM and 35 ppb for its solution and film state, respectively. NMR and HRMS experiments well demonstrated that the different detection mechanism occurred on two sensors. From this work, it was concluded that the little difference between the terminal reaction sites of naphthalimide greatly affected the detection performance, which would open a window for design functional self‐assembly sensors for acyl chlorides based on naphthalimide derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium–manganese oxides with various crystal phases (Na 2 Mn 5 O 10 , Na 2 Mn 3 O 7 , and Na 4 Mn 9 O 18) were synthesized using a facile sol-gel method, and applied in the catalytic purification of soot particles from diesel engines. In this study, as-prepared samples with a single Na 2 Mn 3 O 7 phase exhibited higher soot oxidation activity, with the lowest T 10 , T 50 , and T 90 values of 279 ℃, 320 ℃, and 349 ℃, respectively. Numerous characterization techniques reveal that the Na 2 Mn 3 O 7 catalysts have superior reducibility, NO oxidation, and storage capacity compared with the other crystal phases. In the meantime, the Na 2 Mn 3 O 7 catalyst surface possesses a greater abundance of oxygen vacancies because of the emergence of Mn3+, which serve as crucial active sites during the dynamic cycling process of gaseous oxygen adsorption and activation. Moreover, the E-R reaction mechanism for soot combustion over the steps of (100) crystal plane of Na 2 Mn 3 O 7 catalysts is proposed based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and multiple characterization results. This study presents a facile and cost-efficient method for designing and preparing superior performance sodium–manganese composite oxides for soot combustion. [Display omitted] • The sodium–manganese oxides with various crystal phases were successfully fabricated using a facile sol-gel method. • The Na 2 Mn 3 O 7 catalysts possess excellent catalytic activity, stability, as well as water and sulfur resistance. • A clear recognition of E-R mechanism is primarily involved in the steps on the (100) crystal plane of Na 2 Mn 3 O 7 catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wave-dominated shoreface sands are important marine clastic reservoirs, the inner spatial superposition of which causes the complex oil-water relationship in this kind of reservoir, restricting further exploitation; they develops widely in Devonian 'Donghe sandstones' of the Tarim Basin in China. Controlled by the genetic mode, static drilling and dynamic development data were applied to analyze these sands—focusing on three orders of architectural units namely the composite sand-bodies (5th order), single sand-body (4th order), and internal component units (3rd order). Furthermore, the identification marks and spatial distribution features of inner architectural units were investigated, and the corresponding architectural model established. Based on methods such as model fitting and control, interface identification, and analysis of well data, the single sand-body and its internal component units were identified, and the spatial superposition relationship was analyzed. In retrograding composite sand-bodies, three types of distribution patterns for the single sand-body including thick-layer refill, step migration, and continuous on-lap are present; contrarily, in prograding composite sand-bodies, the superimposed styles of the single sand-body are primarily thick-layer cumulation, step migration, and continuous overlay. The single sand-body is divided into one or more internal component units by the architectural interface of 3rd order, presenting a low-angle landward or seaward migration style. The oil-water distribution in wave-dominated shoreface reservoirs is substantially influenced by sand architecture, and architectural interfaces of different orders separate the sedimentary sand-bodies into relatively independent fluid systems, leading to differences in oil-gas production possibility among the independent layers. The wave-dominated shoreface architectural model can provide reasonable explanations for contentious factors such as the oblique oil-water interface, and production contradictions such as the mismatch between water injection and oil recovery, and resolve disagreements on well-deployment through prediction of the distribution of remaining oil, all of which have great significance for oil and gas exploration and production. • Inner architecture of wave-dominated shoreface sands causes complex oil-water relationship. • Composite sand-bodies, single sand-body and internal component units are emphatically characterized in wave-dominated shoreface architectural hierarchies. • Identification marks and spatial distribution features of inner architectural units define the model. • Architectural model helps solve production issues and leads to practical approaches in oil/gas development in such areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fluid-structure interaction (FSI) phenomenon has significant impact on the performance of aerostatic thrust bearings. To rapidly calculate their performance, this paper proposes a finite element method (FEM) based FSI modeling method. A FEM model of aerostatic bearing and a two dimensional FEM model of thrust plate were built, and the bidirectional data exchange between them was realized. Besides, the change of discharge coefficient caused by FSI phenomenon is considered by adopting a discharge coefficient model. The accuracy of the proposed FSI model is verified numerically and experimentally. The average calculation time is reduced from 9.36 h to 86.2 s for the case study. This research provides an efficient modeling method for the design of aerostatic thrust bearing considering FSI. • A FEM based modeling method is proposed to calculate the performance of aerostatic thrust bearing considering FSI effect. • The bidirectional data exchange between the aerostatic thrust bearing and the thrust plate is realized. • The variation of the discharge coefficient caused by the FSI phenomenon is taken into consideration in the proposed FSI model. • The accuracy of proposed modeling method is verified numerically and experimentally. • Comparing with our pervious proposed FSI model, the calculation time is reduced dramatically by the new proposed FSI model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic coatings infused with lubricants to form super-slippery surfaces have tremendous potential for applications in various fields. However, the robustness of superhydrophobic coatings remains a major challenge limiting their application and promotion. Herein, we developed a synergistically reinforced superhydrophobic coating (SRSC) using naturally-derived rosin as an adhesive to graft hydrophobic nanoparticles. The SRSC surface, with hierarchical micro−/nanostructure, exhibited remarkable mechanical and chemical robustness, enduring sandpaper abrasion, tape-peel, water/sand impact, and exposure to acid, alkali, and salt solutions without significant damage. When infused with perfluoropolyether lubricating oil to obtain the SRSC-based super-slippery surface, it could easily repel low-surface-energy and corrosive droplets (e.g., hot water, sump oil, alkali, and acid droplets). Importantly, such super-slippery surface exhibits remarkable resistance to icing. Furthermore, the surface demonstrates self-healing capabilities and controlled movement of oil droplets along specific wetting pathways resembling the shapes of "8" and "COS" under external energy stimulation. These findings are expected to promote the development and application of superhydrophobic coatings in real-world scenarios. [Display omitted] • SRSC uses naturally-derived rosin as adhesive to graft hydrophobic nanoparticles. • SRSC exhibited strong durability against abrasion, impact, and exposure to harsh substances. • SRSC-based super-slippery surface resists icing, repels droplets, self-heals, controls motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distant metastasis frequently occurs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and contributes to the adverse prognosis for patients with OSCC. However, the potential mechanisms behind the metastasis have not yet been clarified. This study investigated the role of miR-378 in the migration and invasiveness of OSCC in vitro and in vivo. According to our results, the migration and invasiveness of OSCC cells were increased in cells overexpressing miR-378, and reduced in cells where miR-378-3p/5p was silenced. In addition, overexpression of miR-378 suppressed the expressions and activities of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and MMP-2. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was restrained by overexpression of miR-378, as evidenced by an increase in E-cadherin expression and decrease in N-cadherin and uPA expression. However, knockdown of miR-378-3p/5p produced the opposite results. Moreover, kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) was confirmed to be a target gene of miR-378. Overexpression of KLK4 reversed the induced decrease in migration and invasiveness of cells overexpressing miR-378 by upregulating the levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, and N-cadherin, and downregulating the level of E-cadhrin. Finally, the number of metastasis nodules in the lung tissues of nude mice was reduced by overexpression of miR-378, whereas the number of metastases increased with knockdown of miR-378. Taken together, our results suggest that the miR-378–KLK4 axis is involved in the mechanisms behind the migration and invasiveness of OSCC cells. Targeting the miR-378–KLK4 axis may be an effective measure for treating OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wave-dominated shoreface sands are important marine clastic reservoirs. Their depositional characteristics and evolutionary history becomes one of the hot spots for oil and gas exploration and development. Limited by the traditional conception in typical depositional models, the geological contradictions on the late reservoir development of such type become increasingly prominent. The recognition of the different depositional models of wave-dominated shoreface deposits, therefore, becomes an alternative to solve the production problems in the developmental phase. Taking the "Donghe sandstones" of Tarim Basin as an example, the depositional characteristics and facies associations of wave-dominated shoreface deposits in different regions were analyzed on the basis of seismic, core, and logging data. Three types of different depositional models were proposed, namely the wave-dominated shoreface deposits of transgressive type with reworked delta background, wave-dominated shoreface deposits of transgressive–regressive type with shoal background, and wave-dominated shoreface deposits of transgressive type with gentle–slope background. On this basis, the differences of main controlling factors such as source supply and relative sea level change, hydrodynamic conditions, paleogeomorphology, their influences on wave-dominated shoreface deposits, and the evolution and distribution of shoreface sands under unique sedimentary mechanisms were further discussed. Limited by different depositional models, the "Donghe sandstones" showed an overall vertical retrogradational sedimentary sequence, and with similar distribution on the whole, it had distinct features in detail. In Donghe 1 area, it appeared to be with a morphological characteristic of both reworked original delta and latter shoreface deposits; in Hudson area, a sand-bodies superimposition and migration under model framework; and in Tazhong 4 area, a typical distribution of bar and beach sand-bodies. The different depositional models of wave-dominated shoreface deposits expand the explanation on various sub-environments from the point of formation mechanism, and guide the reservoir analysis and further oil and gas exploitation for such reservoirs. • Seismic and core data revealed regional distribution and lithological differences in characteristics of Donghe sandstones. • Four facies associations were identified, including shoreface bar, beach, troughs deposits, and transitional zone sands. • Three different models were established, respectively emphasizing the genesis, architecture, and typical process. • The Donghe sandstones presented a similar retrogradational sedimentary sequence and unique distribution characteristics. • Different models of wave-dominated shoreface deposits helps solve production contradictions and provides realistic basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The static performances of the aerostatic guideway are significantly influenced by the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) effect. This paper investigates the FSI process between the air film and two-stage cantilever structure of the slider based on a two-way transient FSI model, in which the thickness and shape of actual air film can be acquired. Moreover, the stiffness of the aerostatic guideway system with two different materials 38CrMoAl nitriding steel and 7075 aluminum alloy, is investigated numerically and compared experimentally. It proves that the structural rigidity of the slider has a non-negligible impact on the stiffness of the aerostatic guideway system. The inner mechanism of this phenomenon is further discussed to provide meaningful guidance for the design of the aerostatic guideway system. • The FSI phenomenon between the air film and slider in an aerostatic guideway is investigated based on a transient FSI model. • The influence of structural rigidity on the static performance of the aerostatic guideway is studied by comparative analysis. • The influencing mechanism in air film's thickness and aerostatic guideway's stiffness is discussed quantitatively. • The influence of air film shape caused by the FSI effect on the static performance of the aerostatic guideway is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A regional ocean reanalysis system of China coastal waters and adjacent seas, called CORA (China ocean reanalysis), has been recently developed at the National Marine Data and Information Service (NMDIS). In this study, based on CORA, the impact of Argo profiles on the regional reanalysis is evaluated using a twin-experiment approach. It is found that, by assimilating Argo observations, the reanalysis quality is much improved: the root mean square (RMS) error of temperature and salinity can be further reduced by about 10% and the RMS error of current can be further reduced by 18%, compared to the case only assimilating conventional in situ temperature and salinity observations. Consistent with the unique feature of Argo observations, the temperature is improved in all levels and the largest improvement of salinity happens in the deep ocean. Argo profile data have a significant impact on the regional ocean reanalysis through improvements of both hydrographic and dynamic fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-dimensional turbulent model is used to investigate the effect of sea spray mediated turbulent fluxes on upper ocean temperature during the passage of typhoon Yagi over the Kuroshio Extension area in 2006. Both a macroscopical sea spray momentum flux algorithm and a microphysical heat and moisture flux algorithm are included in this turbulent model. Numerical results show that the model can well reproduce the upper ocean temperature, which is consistent with the data from the Kuroshio Extension Observatory. Besides, the sea surface temperature is decreased by about 0.5°C during the typhoon passage, which also agrees with the sea surface temperature dataset derived from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing and Reynolds. Diagnostic analysis indicates that sea spray acts as an additional source of the air-sea turbulent fluxes and plays a key role in increasing the turbulent kinetic energy in the upper ocean, which enhances the temperature diffusion there. Therefore, sea spray is also an important factor in determining the upper mixed layer depth during the typhoon passage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]