Search

The parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel system { u t = ∇ ⋅ (ϕ (u) ∇ u) − ∇ ⋅ (ψ (u) ∇ v) , x ∈ Ω , t > 0 , 0 = Δ v − v + u , x ∈ Ω , t > 0 , (⋆) is considered under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R n (n ≥ 3) with smooth boundary. Here ϕ and ψ are positive functions which satisfy ψ (s) / ϕ (s) grows like s 2 n as s → ∞. We show that there exist m ⁎ , m ⁎ > 0 such that if the total mass ∫ Ω u 0 < m ⁎ , (⋆) admits a global bounded solution; if Ω is radially symmetric and ∫ Ω u 0 > m ⁎ , we can find initial data u 0 (x) = u 0 (| x |) such that the corresponding solution must be unbounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between isolated hypothyroxinemia (IH) in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes is controversial, with no consensus on the need for treatment. Summary: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women with IH in pregnancy. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for publications from inception to December 2022. Randomized clinical trials and cohort studies were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate pooled relative risks (RRs) for each outcome. We included 21 articles, of which 19 investigated the relationship between IH and maternal and neonatal outcomes and 4 investigated the efficacy of levothyroxine (LT4) treatment. Compared with euthyroid pregnancies, IH pregnancies were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (RR 1.35 [confidence interval, CI, 1.16–1.56]; I2 = 9%), premature rupture of membranes (RR 1.41 [CI 1.08–1.84]; I2 = 0%), gestational diabetes (RR 1.34 [CI 1.07–1.67]; I2 = 76%), macrosomia (RR 1.62 [CI 1.31–2.02]; I2 = 42%), and fetal distress (RR 1.72 [CI 1.15–2.56]; I2 = 0%). However, no statistically significant differences were noted in adverse outcomes according to LT4 treatment status. Conclusions: There is evidence suggesting that IH in pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. However, it is unclear whether LT4 may mitigate the risk of these adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern software engineering, the component-based development approach has become one of the important trends in software development technology. The trustworthiness of components plays a vital role in developing component-based trustworthy software. If there exist defects in components, then the trustworthiness of the component will be reduced, and the trustworthiness of the software system will be influenced. In this case, it is necessary to measure the trustworthiness of the component in terms of the defect. In this paper, a trustworthiness measurement model of components will be proposed based on defects. Firstly, the defect types are formalized according to the component specification. Secondly, the weight allocation method of defect types is designed based on the correlation between defect types and experts' evaluation. The value of the trustworthiness attribute is estimated by using the risk value of the defect and the weight of the defect type. Furthermore, the trustworthiness measurement model of the component is proposed, the corresponding algorithm is designed, and some algebra properties are proved. Finally, a case study is used to illustrate the application of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stabilization pretreatment coupled with molecular cross-linking is commonly used to modify starch, aiming to obtain starch-based hard carbon materials with appropriate spherical particle sizes. Nevertheless, the impact of the intermediate stabilization process on its sodium storage performance remains unclear. Herein, a hard carbon material with no surface open pores, low specific surface area and abundant internal closed pores with thinner pore walls is successfully synthesized and exhibits significantly improved initial Coulombic efficiency and plateau capacity through a simple low-temperature pretreatment strategy, using renewable and cost-effective soluble starch as the raw material. Additionally, research indicates that an appropriate degree of disorder or defectiveness is conducive to forming a larger quantity of closed pores with thinner pore walls. Both excessively low and high defect levels are detrimental to the formation of closed pores. This work will encourage researchers to further focus on the impact of defectiveness on closed pores, which will promote the development of high-energy practical sodium-ion batteries. [Display omitted] • Folding-bending of graphite-like microcrystals helps create more closed pores. • Further folding will lead to the restacking of graphite-like microcrystals. • Both excessive low and high defect levels are detrimental to forming closed pores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Previous studies have revealed that the variation of thyroid indicators may be associated with the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among euthyroid type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. But the specific conclusions are currently inconsistent. Methods. This is a hospital-based retrospective survey. We recruited 1,145 euthyroid T2D patients and checked the thyroid function and fundus photographs. The modified Airlie House classification system was used to categorize the stages of DR. The association between thyroid indicators and different stages of DR was analyzed. Results. We divided free triiodothyronine (FT3) into tertiles and found that the prevalence of mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR) was significantly higher in T2, compared with T1 (32.0% vs. 25.2%, p < 0.05). When FT3 was within the level of T2, FT3 could be an independent risk factor for mild NPDR (OR 1.426, 95% CI (1.031, 1.971), p < 0.05). In addition, the prevalence of severe NPDR and proliferative DR (PDR) was significantly higher in thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) positive group (8.8% vs. 4.1%, p < 0.05) and vice versa (33.3% vs. 18.4%, p < 0.05). TgAb positivity was also an independent risk factor for severe NPDR and PDR (OR 2.212, 95% CI (1.244, 3.934), p < 0.05). Conclusions. We hardly observed a significant change in DR risk with the elevation or reduction of serum TSH or thyroid hormone within the reference interval. Although the slightly elevated FT3 may be associated to mild NPDR, the extensibility of this result remains to be seen. For T2D patients with euthyroid function, there may be a significant correlation between serum TgAb positivity and severe NPDR and PDR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Litter size is an important component trait of doe reproduction. By improving it, production efficiency and economic benefits can be significantly provided. Genetic marker-assisted selection (MAS) based on proven molecular indicators could enhance the efficacy of goat selection, as well as litter size trait. Many molecular markers have been identified that they can be used to improve litter size in different goat breeds. However, the presence and value of these markers vary among goat breeds. In the present study, we used the reported loci on other breeds of goat as candidate loci to detect whether these loci appear in this Nubian goat population; then we proceed to genotype and detect surrounding loci (50 bp) by multiplex PCR and sequencing technology. As a result, 69 mutations (59 SNPs and 10 indels) were screened out from 23 candidate genes in Nubian goat population, 12 loci were significantly associated with the litter size of first-parity individuals; 5 loci were significantly associated with the litter size of second-parity individuals; 3 loci were significantly associated with the litter size of third-parity individuals. In addition, five loci were significantly associated with the average litter size. The additive effect value of KITLG : g.18047318 G > A in first parity, KITLG : g.18152042G > A in third parity, KISS-1 : g.1341674 C > G in first parity, and GHR : g.32134187G > A in second parity exceed more than 0.40, and the preponderant alleles are G, C, A and G, respectively. Further, linkage disequilibrium analysis of 21 mutation loci shows that 3 haplotype blocks are formed, and the litter size of combination type AACC in KISS-1 gene and AAGG in KITLG gene are significantly lower than that of other combinations genotype in first parity (P<0.05). These findings can provide effective candidate DNA markers for selecting superior individuals in Nubian goat breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ten factors were chosen for assessing the risk of vegetation change. • The random forest model was employed to invert above-ground biomass. • The Mann-Kendall method was utilized to compute above-ground biomass trends, indicating vegetation degradation. • Bayesian Network enhanced the reliability and efficiency of vegetation change risk assessment. • The spatial and temporal distribution and trend of vegetation change risk in Xilin Gol League were analyzed. As an essential ecological barrier in the north of China, the grassland degradation situation in the Xilin Gol League of Inner Mongolia has remained severe in recent years. Based on data spanning from 2010 to 2022, this study utilizes a set of ten indicators, encompassing altitude, temperature, precipitation, wind speed, FVC, LAI, FRAR, NPP, ET, and above-ground biomass, to construct a Bayesian model for assessing ecological risks associated with vegetation change in the Xilin Gol League. In the case of the most crucial parameter, above-ground biomass, we integrate spectral bands, vegetation indices, and ground-truth data, employing the Random Forest algorithm to estimate the above-ground biomass in the Xilin Gol League. The study further applies the Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen's slope estimation to analyze changes in this parameter and employs it as an indicator for assessing grassland degradation. The results showed that (1) Overall, the risk level decreases gradually from the west to the east and aligns with the grassland types of the Xilin Gol League. (2) In terms of spatial and temporal distribution, medium and high-risk areas are primarily located in the western region of the Xilin Gol League, showing a distinct westward shift from 2010 to 2022. (3) Areas with higher grassland degradation risk are characterized by lower altitudes, higher temperatures, less precipitation, lower vegetation coverage, and reduced potential evapotranspiration. (4) Under the pressures of both climate warming and vegetation change, there has been a significant shift in grassland degradation risk levels in the Xilin Gol League. The application of the Bayesian model effectively reveals intricate causal relationships among various variables, such as climate, terrain, and vegetation dynamics. This study could provide guidance for the prevention and control of grassland degradation in the Xilin Gol League. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brg1 is an ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, and it is indispensable for the development and homeostasis of various organs. Conditional deletion of Brg1 in cochlea hair cells (HCs) leads to multiple structural defects and profound deafness. However, the premature death of Brg1-deficient cochlea HCs hindered further study of the role of Brg1. In contrast to cochlea HCs, Brg1-deficient vestibular HCs survived for a long time. Therefore, HC apical structure and vestibular function were examined in inner HC-specific conditional Brg1 knockout mice. Vestibular HCs exhibited fused and elongated stereocilia bundles after deletion of Brg1, and the cuticular plate was absent in most HCs with fused stereocilia bundles. HC loss was observed in conditional Brg1 knockout mice at the age of 12 months. Morphological defects and HC loss were primarily restricted in the striolar region of the utricle and saccule and in the central region of ampulla. The behavioral tests revealed that Brg1 deletion in HCs caused vestibular dysfunction in older adult mice. These results suggest that Brg1 may play specific roles in the maintenance of the HC stereocilia bundle and the cuticular plate. • Brg1 exhibited high expression in hair cells and supporting cells in the vestibular system. • Brg1-deficient vestibular hair cells exhibit fused stereocilia. • Brg1-deficient vestibular hair cells exhibit the disappearance of cuticular plates. • Abnormal morphology was primarily restricted to Brg1-deficient HCs in the striolar regions of the utricle and saccule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Components play a pivotal role in component-based software, with certain components being crucial in realizing the software's overall functionality. The importance of component is usually characterized using the weight value of component. How to get the weight value is a problem that needs to be studied. Traditionally, the weight value can be denoted by an expert's evaluation. However, the importance of components can vary depending on their interactions within different combination structures. Therefore, it becomes necessary to consider the mutual influence resulting from component interactions when determining component weights, in addition to expert evaluations. In this study, we first establish an influence value model that captures the interactions between components within various combinations. Subsequently, we propose a comprehensive weight allocation method for components by integrating expert evaluations with the influence values obtained from the component interactions, using an evidence-based information fusion approach. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of our method by implementing a scenic spot ticket purchase system. This approach is more reasonable than the single method and can provide software developers with a more comprehensive analysis of component importance, enabling them to make informed decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: With an increasing concern on food safety, fast screening of residues of widespread herbicides becomes necessary. Herein we report a microchip electrophoresis system with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection for rapid and sensitive analysis of glyphosate (GLYP) and glufosinate (GLUF) residues. Disposable cyclic olefin copolymer microchips and a low-cost LIF detector were employed to minimize the cost of the analysis. Systematic optimization of experimental conditions was performed to achieve highly efficient analysis. Under the selected condition, GLYP and GLUF were efficiently resolved from sample matrices with a buffer containing 10mmol/L borax and 2.0% (m/v) hydroxypropyl cellulose at pH 9.0. The number of theoretical plates of 1.0×106 m–1 was attained for both analytes. Derivatization at lower concentrations (<10μg/L) was also examined, successful detection of 0.34μg/L GLYP and 0.18μg/L GLUF was confirmed. The system was applied for the determination of both analytes in real samples without any preconcentration involved. Recoveries of GLYP and GLUF spiked in these samples were 84.0–101.0% and 90.0–103.0%, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Polymeric nanoparticles with near white fluorescence were prepared from melamine and glyoxal through solvothermal reaction in a single step. The colour of the fluorescence of the products was excitation wavelength dependent, which was near white under UV irradiation and gradually shifted to red when excitation wavelength shifted from 300 nm to 570 nm. The influence of the preparation conditions on the fluorescence intensity was investigated and the morphology of the products was confirmed by HRTEM and AFM. The size of the particles was mainly in 30–80 nm range. A quantum yield of 22% could be achieved under the optimum condition. FTIR and NMR indicated that the products were typical Schiff-base networks. Effect of solvents on the fluorescence property was also examined and the strongest emission was obtained in DMSO. To verify the origin of the different colour of the fluorescence, the products were analyzed using electrophoretic methods and the results indicated that dependence of the emission colour was not correlated to the variation of the particle size. The possible origin of the fluorescence was also proposed and the products can be non-toxic alternatives of inorganic quantum dots for white light emission. [Display omitted] • The product is pure polymeric nanoparticles with high quantum yield and low toxicity. • The nanoparticles could emit bright near white fluorescence. • The fluorescence varied from white, green, orange, to red with different λ ex. • The emission is surface related instead of conjugation and aggregation induced. • The fluorescence was not dependent on the particle size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new piezoelectric flow energy harvester (PFEH) based on a piezoelectric cantilever (PEC) with a cylindrical extension. The flow-induced vibration of the cylindrical extension causes the PEC to vibrate at the natural frequency of the PFEH. The PFEH provides a low-cost, compact, and scalable power source for small electronics by harvesting energy from ambient flows such as wind and water streams. Prototypes were tested in both laminar and turbulent air flows, demonstrating the feasibility of the design. Turbulence excitation was found to be the dominant driving mechanism of the PFEH with additional vortex shedding excitation contribution in the lock-in region. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We have examined a piezoelectric unimorph cantilever (PUC) with unequal piezoelectric and nonpiezoelectric lengths for vibration energy harvesting theoretically by extending the analysis of a PUC with equal piezoelectric and nonpiezoelectric lengths. The theoretical approach was validated by experiments. A case study showed that for a fixed vibration frequency, the maximum open-circuit induced voltage which was important for charge storage for later use occurred with a PUC that had a nonpiezoelectric-to-piezoelectric length ratio greater than unity, whereas the maximum power when the PUC was connected to a resistor for immediate power consumption occurred at a unity nonpiezoelectric-to-piezoelectric length ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LaFeO 3 has been widely investigated as formaldehyde sensing material due to its enhanced performance. However, several disadvantages including the response/recovery speed, selectivity, and detection limit mortally restrict its practical applications. Along these lines, herein, platinum (Pt) functionalized LaFeO 3 porous structures were synthesized to optimize the sensing properties. The sensing test revealed that the best response value of Pt functionalized LaFeO 3 was around 2.5 times over that of the pristine material at the operating temperature of 125 °C. Meanwhile, the sensor also possessed the merits of shorter response/recovery time, better selectivity, and lower detection limits. From our analysis, it was demonstrated that the abundant pore structure and the increased adsorbed oxygen level are responsible for the excellent formaldehyde monitoring properties. Our work paves the way for the development of novel Pt functionalized LaFeO 3 porous structures, which can serve as a potential candidate for formaldehyde detection in many practical applications. [Display omitted] • Pt functionalized LaFeO 3 porous material was synthesized first time. • The response of Pt-LaFeO 3 sample is around 2.5 times over that of pure one. • The detection limit of Pt-LaFeO 3 sample can be achieved as low as 10 ppb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential trace element iron regulates a wide range of biological processes in virtually all living organisms. Because both iron deficiency and iron overload can lead to various pathological conditions, iron homeostasis is tightly regulated, and understanding this complex process will help pave the way to developing new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory disease. In recent years, significant progress has been made with respect to elucidating the roles of iron and iron-related genes in the development and maintenance of the immune system. Here, we review the timing and mechanisms by which systemic and cellular iron metabolism are regulated during the inflammatory response and during infectious disease, processes in which both the host and the pathogen compete for iron. We also discuss the evidence and implications that immune cells such as macrophages, T cells, and B cells require sufficient amounts of iron for their proliferation and for mediating their effector functions, in which iron serves as a co-factor in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, mitochondrial respiration, posttranslational regulation, and epigenetic modification. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting ferroptosis, iron homeostasis and/or iron metabolism with respect to conferring protection against pathogen infection, controlling inflammation, and improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapeutically intervening the function of RNA in vivo remains a big challenge. We here developed an exosome-based strategy to deliver engineered RNA-binding protein for the purpose of recruiting specific RNA to the lysosomes for degradation. As a proof-of-principle study, RNA-binding protein HuR was fused to the C-terminus of Lamp2b, a membrane protein localized in both exosome and lysosome. The fusion protein was able to be incorporated into the exosomes. Moreover, exosomes engineered with Lamp2b-HuR successfully decreased the abundance of RNA targets possibly via lysosome-mediated degradation, especially when the exosomes were acidified. The system was specifically effective in macrophages, which are lysosome enriched and resistant to routine transfection mediated RNAi strategy. In the CCl4-induced liver injury mouse model, we found that delivery of acidified exosomes engineered with Lamp2b-HuR significantly reduced liver fibrosis, together with decreased miR-155 and other inflammatory genes. In summary, the established exosome-based RNA-binding protein delivery strategy, namely "exosome-mediated lysosomal clearance", takes the advantage of exosome in targeted delivery and holds great promise in regulating a set of genes in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapeutically intervening the function of RNA in vivo remains a big challenge. We here developed an exosome‐based strategy to deliver engineered RNA‐binding protein for the purpose of recruiting specific RNA to the lysosomes for degradation. As a proof‐of‐principle study, RNA‐binding protein HuR was fused to the C‐terminus of Lamp2b, a membrane protein localized in both exosome and lysosome. The fusion protein was able to be incorporated into the exosomes. Moreover, exosomes engineered with Lamp2b‐HuR successfully decreased the abundance of RNA targets possibly via lysosome‐mediated degradation, especially when the exosomes were acidified. The system was specifically effective in macrophages, which are lysosome enriched and resistant to routine transfection mediated RNAi strategy. In the CCl4‐induced liver injury mouse model, we found that delivery of acidified exosomes engineered with Lamp2b‐HuR significantly reduced liver fibrosis, together with decreased miR‐155 and other inflammatory genes. In summary, the established exosome‐based RNA‐binding protein delivery strategy, namely "exosome‐mediated lysosomal clearance", takes the advantage of exosome in targeted delivery and holds great promise in regulating a set of genes in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imatinib resistance remains the biggest hurdle for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), with the underlying mechanisms not fully understood. In this study, we found that miR328 significantly and strikingly decreased among other miRNA candidates during the induction of imatinib resistance. Overexpression of miR328 sensitized resistant cells to imatinib via post-transcriptionally decreasing ABCG2 expression, while miR328 knockdown conferred imatinib resistance in parental K562 cells. Moreover, miR328 was found selectively degraded in the lysosomes of K562R cells, as inhibition of lysosome with chloroquine restored miR328 expression and increased sensitivity to imatinib. Moreover, delivery of alkalized exosomes increased endogenous miR328 expression. Compared with the corresponding controls, the alkalized exosomes with or without miR328 sensitized the chronic leukemia cells to imatinib. Taken together, our study has revealed that lysosomal clearance of miR328 in imatinib-resistant cells at least partially contributes to the drug resistance, while delivery of alkalized exosomes would sensitize the chromic leukemia cells to imatinib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term exposure to high concentrations of fine particles can cause irreversible damage to people's health. Therefore, it is of extreme significance to conduct large-scale continuous spatial fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration prediction for air pollution prevention and control in China. The distribution of PM2.5 ground monitoring stations in China is uneven with a larger number of stations in southeastern China, while the number of ground monitoring sites is also insufficient for air quality control. Remote sensing technology can obtain information quickly and macroscopically. Therefore, it is possible to predict PM2.5 concentration based on multi-source remote sensing data. Our study took China as the research area, using the Pearson correlation coefficient and GeoDetector to select auxiliary variables. In addition, a long short-term memory neural network and random forest regression model were established for PM2.5 concentration estimation. We finally selected the random forest regression model (R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 4.59 μg m−3) as our prediction model by the model evaluation index. The PM2.5 concentration distribution across China in 2021 was estimated, and then the influence factors of high-value regions were explored. It is clear that PM2.5 concentration is not only related to the local geographical and meteorological conditions, but also closely related to economic and social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We numerically investigate the influence of higher-order dispersion on the dynamics of quartic solitons in a passively mode-locked fiber laser. The simulation results show that the output pulse characteristics of the quartic soliton fiber laser are not only affected by the intra-cavity net dispersion but also related to the position of the single-mode fiber (SMF). For different intra-cavity net higher-order dispersion values, the quartic soliton undergoes multiple alternations between the stable single soliton state and pulsating state in the fiber laser, and the number and intensity of Kelly sidebands in the output pulse spectrum are significantly different. For different positions of the SMF, the dynamics of the quartic soliton are also different. In addition, we also observe two types of novel pulsation-creeping behavior and time shift. These findings provide new insights into the output characteristics of quartic solitons in fiber lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grassland desertification stands as an ecological concern globally. It is crucial for desertification prevention and control to comprehend the variation in area and severity of desertified grassland (DGL), clarify the intensities of conversion among DGLs of different desertification levels, and explore the spatial and temporal driving factors of desertification. In this study, a Desertification Difference Index (DDI) model was constructed based on albedo-EVI to extract desertification information. Subsequently, intensity analysis, the Geo-detector model, and correlation analysis were applied to analyze the dynamics and driving factors of desertification. The results showed the following: (1) Spatially, the DGL in Xilingol exhibited a zonal distribution. Temporally, the degree of DGL decreased, with the proportion of severely and moderately desertified areas decreasing from 51.77% in 2000 to 37.23% in 2020, while the proportion of nondesertified and healthy areas increased from 17.85% in 2000 to 37.40% in 2020; (2) Transition intensities among different desertification levels were more intense during 2000–2012, stabilizing during 2012–2020; (3) Meteorological factors and soil conditions primarily drive the spatial distribution of DDI, with evapotranspiration exhibiting the most significant influence (q-value of 0.83), while human activities dominate interannual DDI variations. This study provides insights into the conversion patterns among different desertification levels and the divergent driving forces shaping desertification in both spatial and temporal dimensions in Xilingol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer‐associated cachexia (CAC) has tremendous effects on the patient's tolerance to chemotherapy and the quality of life, especially in the advanced stages, such as the acute and terminal stages of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the underlying mechanisms and mediators remain unclear. Here, we showed that mice injected with CML‐derived exosomes had significant weight loss and great drop of body fat rate. In the meanwhile, we found that CML‐derived exosomes could be taken up by adipose tissue, and, in turn, suppressed the adipogenic ability of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). By RNA sequencing, miR‐92a‐3p was found highly expressed in both CML cells and the derivative exosomes. Mechanistically, miR‐92a‐3p inhibited adipogenesis of ADSCs via posttranscriptionally decreasing C/EBPα expression when transferred into the ADSCs with the exosomes, and encapsulating miR‐92a‐3p inhibitor into CML exosomes blocked the antiadipogenic effects of CML exosomes. In addition, we also found that miR‐92a‐3p was highly expressed in exosomes from some other types of cancers that cause cachexia. These results demonstrate that adipogenesis inhibition by tumor‐derived exosomes, mainly exosomal microRNAs like miR‐92a‐3p, are the main mediators for CAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resveratrol (RES) is one of the best-known bioactive polyphenols that has received much attention in recent years because of its importance to anti-obesity. However, the exact mechanism underlying this effect and whether it can improve lipid metabolism by regulating the long-chain noncoding RNA (lncRNA) remains unclear. In this study, 24 healthy crossbred castrated boars were fed a basal diet (control) and a basal diet supplemented with 200 mg, 400 mg or 600 mg RES per Kilogram (kg) of feed for 41 d, respectively. We found that 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg RES-supplemented diet did not affect growth rate, but reduced significantly subcutaneous adipose thickness, carcass fat rate, greater dramatically the serum concentration of adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein in pigs. Further, we verified that RES could inhibit the formation and accumulation of lipid droplets by AdipoQ-AdipoR1-AMPKα and AdipoQ-AdipoR2-PPARα signal pathway in vivo and vitro (3T3-L1 preadipocytes). Transcriptome analyses found that 5 differently expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 77 mRNAs in subcutaneous adipose between control group and 400 mg/kg RES group, which mainly involved in "adipocytokine signaling pathway," "Wnt signaling pathway," "PI3K-Akt signaling pathway" and "MAPK signaling pathway." In conclusion, RES can inhibit the formation and accumulation of lipid droplets through AdipoQ signal pathway and lipid metabolism-related lncRNAs. Our results provide a new insight on the molecular mechanism of RES as a nutritional agents to the prevention and treatment for obesity. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) method is used to establish a numerical model for the fluid-structure interaction of near-field underwater explosion while cabins are under sailing conditions. First, the ALE method is used to calculate shock wave and bubble pulsation loads of free field underwater explosion. The results show that the values of shock wave peak, bubble fluctuation period, maximum radius of bubble are similar to empirical formula calculation, which verifies the accuracy of ALE method in calculating explosion loads. On this basis, from the aspects of local damage, longitudinal strength and impact environment of cabin structure, the dynamic response characteristics of cabin structure under the coupling of impact and bubble load at a certain speed and different explosion distance are analyzed and compared with that at static condition. The results show that compared with the static state, the local damage is weakened, the longitudinal strength is increased, the difference of longitudinal strength between navigation and static state is 7%–12%, the shock spectrum value of the compartment corresponding to the explosion source is reduced, and the shock spectrum value of the adjacent compartment is slightly increased; When the cabin is sailing, the increase of the explosion distance within the maximum radius of bubble pulsation increases the action area of bubble pulsation load, and the effect of bubble pulsation load is enhanced, but the coupling enhancement of explosion load is difficult to appear, so that the damage of cabin structure is reduced. The working condition of the cabin suffering from near-field underwater explosion damage under the navigational state analyzed in this paper is closer to the reality, and more truly reflects the process of underwater explosion shock wave and bubble load coupling applied to cabins, which lays a foundation for the fuze warhead coordination design and relevant parameter setting when the torpedo and other underwater weapons give full play to the damage efficiency. • The cases of cabin encountered near-field underwater explosion under navigational state calculated in this paper is closer to the actual situation, and can more truly reflect the process of underwater explosion shock wave and bubble load coupling applied to the navigational cabin. • Compared to the static state, when the cabin is in the navigational state, the structural damage effect decreases and the total longitudinal strength increases. The shock spectrum value of the compartment directly opposite to the explosive decreases, and the shock spectrum value of the adjacent compartment slightly increases. • The whole analysis process and conclusion can lay a foundation for the fuze warhead coordination design and relevant parameter setting when the torpedo and other underwater weapons give full play to the damage efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gross primary productivity (GPP) is an important parameter that represents the productivity of vegetation and responses to various ecological environments. Using the Mann–Kendall methods, Pearson correlation, and the Geodetector, this study investigated the spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of GPP from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that (1) in terms of spatial distribution, GPP showed a trend of "low-high-low" regions, with low values for grassland and arable land and a high value for forest land. The growth trend is fast in forest areas, while the growth trend is not obvious in cultivated areas. The regions with significant growth accounted for 68.73% of the whole region. (2) The whole region shows a growth rate of 2.07 g C∙m−2∙yr−1, showing obvious seasonality, with a slow growth trend in spring and autumn and a fast growth trend in summer. (3) The driving factors of GPP spatial differentiation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were land surface temperature, land use type, and nighttime light data, while precipitation and downward surface shortwave radiation show no strong explanatory power for the spatial differentiation of GPP, which means that these two factors have less driving force on the spatial differentiation of GPP. The interaction of LUCC with the other factors presents two-factor enhancement, while the LST interaction with the other three factors presents non-linear enhancement. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate several pathway intermediates and affect the skeletal muscle development in mice, pigs, sheep, and cattle. However, to date, only a small number of miRNAs have been reported in the muscle development of goats. In this report, the longissimus dorsi transcripts of one- and ten-month-old goats were analyzed by sequencing RNAs and miRNAs. The results showed that the ten-month-old Longlin goats had 327 up- and 419 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with the one-month-old. In addition, 20 co-up-regulated and 55 co-down-regulated miRNAs involved in the muscle fiber hypertrophy of goats were identified in ten-month-old Longlin and Nubian goats compared with one-month-old. Five miRNA–mRNA pairs (chi-let-7b-3p-MIRLET7A, chi-miR193b-3p-MMP14, chi-miR-355-5p-DGAT2, novel_128-LOC102178119, novel_140-SOD3) involved in the goat skeletal muscle development were identified by miRNA–mRNA negative correlation network analysis. Our results provided new insight into the functional roles of goat muscle-associated miRNAs, allowing a deeper understanding of the transformation of miRNA roles during mammalian muscle development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The use of antithyroid drugs (ATDs) carries potential risk for teratogenic effects. For women with well-controlled hyperthyroidism on a low dose of ATDs, drug withdrawal upon pregnancy is recommended by international medical guidelines. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the characteristics of patients suitable for ATD withdrawal, subsequent changes in thyroid function after ATD discontinuation, and its impact on pregnancy and offspring outcomes. Methods: This prospective study recruited 63 pregnant women with well-controlled Graves' hyperthyroidism who had stopped ATDs during early pregnancy. Patients were followed up until the end of pregnancy and data on pregnancy outcomes were collected. Results: Overall, 20 patients (31.7%) had rebound of hyperthyroidism. Patients with either subnormal thyrotropin (TSH) levels (TSH <0.35 mIU/L, odds ratio [OR] = 5.12, confidence interval [CI = 1.29–20.34], p = 0.03) or positive thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) (TRAb >1.75 IU/L, OR = 3.79, [CI = 1.17–12.30], p = 0.02) at the time of ATDs withdrawal presented a higher risk of rebound than those with either normal TSH levels or negative TRAb. Patients with both subnormal TSH and positive TRAb at the time of ATD withdrawal were more likely to experience rebound (83.3%, 5/6) than those with both normal TSH and negative TRAb (13%, 3/23, OR = 33.33, [CI = 2.83–392.60], p = 0.003). The prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was significantly higher in patients who experienced rebound compared with those who did not (55.0% vs. 9.3%, OR = 11.92, [CI = 3.08–46.18], p = 0.0002). Conclusions: Subnormal TSH levels and TRAb positivity at the time of ATD withdrawal in early pregnancy may be associated with rebound of Graves' hyperthyroidism. Rebound of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IL-28B, belonging to type III interferons (IFN-λs), exhibits a potent antitumor activity with reduced regulated T cells (Tregs) population, yet the effect of IL-28B on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and if IL-28B can downregulate Tregs directly in vitro are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-28B on Tregs in the spleen and TME in H22 tumor-bearing mice and verified the downregulation of IL-28B on Tregs in vitro. We found that rAd-mIL-28B significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced the frequency of splenic CD4+Foxp3+ T cells. The levels of CXCL13, ICAM-1, MCP-5, and IL-7 in the serum, and the levels of IL-15 and sFasL in the tumor tissue decreased significantly after rAd-mIL-28B treatment relative to rAd-EGFP. Furthermore, the percentage of CD8+ cells in the TME was significantly increased in the rAd-mIL-28B group compared with the untreated group. In vitro, splenocytes were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 and IL-2 in the presence of TGF-β with or without IL-28B for three days and followed by flow cytometric, RT-PCR, and IL-10 production analysis. The results showed that IL-28B significantly reduced the proportion of induced Foxp3+ cells. It demonstrated that IL-28B may be used as a promising immunotherapy strategy against cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curing agent is often used in the in situ remediation of industrial contaminated sites. The reaction between curing agent and contaminated soil has a great impact on the conductivity of soil. Quantitative analysis of the resistivity evolution of cured contaminated soil is an important prerequisite for the accurate evaluation of the in situ remediation effect of heavy metal contaminated sites. In this paper, the pH value, unconfined compressive strength, and resistivity evolution of Zn-contaminated red clay cured with new phosphate-based binder (KMP) at different curing ages were tested, and the internal relationship between the KMP content and the metal ion content and the pH value, unconfined compressive strength, and resistivity evolution were analyzed. The curing effect of KMP, Zn2+ concentration, and curing age on contaminated soil was further evaluated. The results show that the unconfined compressive strength of red clay is weakened with the increase of Zn2+ concentration. The curing effect of KMP on zinc-contaminated red clay is obvious. The pH control of KMP curing agent on zinc-contaminated red clay is effective, and the pH value within 10.5 can effectively stabilize metal ion leaching. There is a good linear relationship between KMP content and curing age and resistivity. Under uniaxial compression, the resistivity decreases with the increase of stress at different Zn2+ concentrations, and the minimum value of the resistivity corresponds to the peak value of uniaxial compression. It provides possibility for the application of resistivity method in the study of mechanical strength properties of red clay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Fluorescent carbon dots are potential candidates for replacing traditional dyes for cell imaging, but their bulky sizes may hinder their passage through cell membranes, which may result in extra work to inject them into the cells. Here, a simple one-step method is proposed to synthesize brightly fluorescent carbon dots that can be endocytosed by intact plant cells and can thus directly dye the nucleus. The morphology, composition and effects of acidity and excitation wavelength on the photoluminescence of the obtained glutamic acid-based carbon dots were systematically investigated. The particles have a size of 4–8nm and possess large amounts of oligo(ethylene glycol) groups with a quantum yield of 30.7%. The material exhibited high biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. Confocal microscopy confirmed that the carbon dots prepared with the proposed method could dye HeLa cells within 1min and intact onion epidermal cells in 10min through endocytosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Urban shrinkage, increasingly prevalent in fast-developing countries like China, is a complex phenomenon deeply influenced by globalization and localized factors. This study focuses on the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle, a high-growth region in China, to explore urban shrinkage and its driving factors. Adopting a physical city perspective and utilizing a two-step diagnostic method, the research precisely identifies shrinking cities within the circle and employs a geo-detector model for empirical analysis of influencing factors. Findings reveal a significant developmental imbalance within the circle, with sustainable and transitional growth cities located in core areas, whereas significantly shrinking and potential shrinking cities are found in peripheral zones. This pattern underscores the endogenous challenges of rapid urbanization. The study highlights that urban shrinkage results from interplay between demographic and economic changes, with fiscal autonomy, consumption levels, public service provision, per capita GDP, and industrial structure being key factors. Addressing urban shrinkage effectively requires a shift from traditional balanced development paradigms towards fostering regional coordinated growth, emphasizing the construction of a multi-core urban network and integrating small and medium-sized cities into the developmental process. This innovative approach not only enriches urban shrinkage research but also offers practical insights for sustainable urban governance. • Investigates urban shrinkage within China's Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle using a novel two-step diagnostic method. • Employs a geo-detector model to analyze the socio-economic and demographic factors influencing urban shrinkage. • Identifies four types of cities: sustainable, transitional, potential, and significantly shrinking cities. • Fiscal autonomy, consumption levels, public service provision, per capita GDP, and industrial structure are key influencing factors. • Offers insights for urban governance and sustainable development strategies applicable globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Rapid analysis of trace amount of aromatic amines in environmental samples and daily necessities has attracted considerable attentions because some of them are strongly toxic and carcinogenic. In this study, fast and efficient electrophoretic separation and sensitive determination of 5 banned aromatic amines were explored for practical analysis using disposable plastic microchips combined with a low-cost laser-induced fluorescence detector. The effect of running buffer and its additive was systematically investigated. Under the selected condition, 5 fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled aromatic amines could be baseline separated within 90s by using a 10mmol/L borate buffer containing 2% (w/v) hydroxypropyl cellulose. Calibration curves of peak areas vs. concentrations were linear up to 40 or 120μmol/L for different analytes and limits of detection were in a range of 1–3nmol/L. Theoretical plate numbers of 6.8–8.5×105/m were readily achieved. The method exhibited good repeatability, relative standard deviations (n =5) of peak areas and migration times were no more than 4.6% and 0.9%, respectively. The established method was successfully applied in the quantitative analysis of these banned aromatic amines in real samples of waste water and textile, recoveries of added standards were 85–110%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has significantly decreased pneumococcal disease worldwide. However, China has not adopted PCVs in their national immunization schedules and had only approved these vaccines for children aged 2–15 months by 2020. In an open-label trial, enrolled healthy children aged 2–5 years old were randomized 1:1 and divided into a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) group and a Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (Hib) group. Children in the PCV7 group received a single dose of PCV7, and the Hib group received a single dose of Hib vaccine. Blood samples were collected before and 6 months after vaccination. Immunogenicity and safety of PCV7 were assessed at prespecified time points. Six months after a single dose of PCV7, children in the PCV7 group for all 7 serotypes, IgG mean concentrations (GMCs) and opsonophagocytic geometric mean titres (GMTs) were significantly higher (P <.001) than at baseline, and the proportion of IgG ≥ 0.35 µg/mL ranged from 90.0% to 100%. Although the antibody level increased with age, preexisting antibodies did not induce hyporesponsiveness to PCV7. In the Hib group, the antibody levels were not significantly different or had changed slightly at 6 months. PCV7 was well tolerated in all age groups, and no serious adverse events (AEs) emerged during this study. A single dose of PCV7 was immunogenic and safe for Chinese children aged 2–5 years, and the preexisting antibodies against the PCV7 serotypes did not change the response to vaccination. The findings supported the effectiveness of PCV7 in this age group. PCVs with broader serotype coverage are expected to expand pneumococcal disease protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing interest in studying the genetic contributions to longevity, but limited relevant genes have been identified. In this study, we performed a genetic association study of longevity in a total of 15,651 Chinese individuals. Novel longevity loci, BMPER (rs17169634; p = 7.91 × 10−15) and TMEM43/XPC (rs1043943; p = 3.59 × 10−8), were identified in a case–control analysis of 11,045 individuals. BRAF (rs1267601; p = 8.33 × 10−15) and BMPER (rs17169634; p = 1.45 × 10−10) were significantly associated with life expectancy in 12,664 individuals who had survival status records. Additional sex‐stratified analyses identified sex‐specific longevity genes. Notably, sex‐differential associations were identified in two linkage disequilibrium blocks in the TOMM40/APOE region, indicating potential differences during meiosis between males and females. Moreover, polygenic risk scores and Mendelian randomization analyses revealed that longevity was genetically causally correlated with reduced risks of multiple diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and arthritis. Finally, we incorporated genetic markers, disease status, and lifestyles to classify longevity or not‐longevity groups and predict life span. Our predictive models showed good performance (AUC = 0.86 for longevity classification and explained 19.8% variance of life span) and presented a greater predictive efficiency in females than in males. Taken together, our findings not only shed light on the genetic contributions to longevity but also elucidate correlations between diseases and longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting ambient thermal energy into electricity is of great interest in harvesting energy from the environment. Piezoelectric cantilevers have previously been shown to be an effective biosensor and a tool for elasticity mapping. Here we show that a single piezoelectric (lead-zirconate titanate (PZT)) layer cantilever can be used to convert heat to electricity through pyroelectric effect. Furthermore, piezoelectric-metal (PZT-Ti) bi-layer cantilever showed an enhanced induced voltage over the single PZT layer alone due to the additional piezoelectric effect. This type of device can be a way for converting heat energy into electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxides based semiconductors promise high performance gas sensing owing to their robustness and low cost, but are limited by their unsatisfied adsorption ability and intrinsic low carriers' mobility. We herein demonstrate an efficient strategy of reducing the adsorption energy and improving the carrier mobility via bulk implanted TiO 2 nanocrystals (NCs) in LaFeO 3 porous structure. By implanting laser generated sub-3 nm TiO 2 NCs in LaFeO 3 samples, the response value (221.8 for 100 ppm formaldehyde) increases about 4 times comparing with that of pristine. Additionally, the sample exhibits high sensitivity and fast response/recovery speed toward formaldehyde steam. The detailed analyses and theoretical calculation proves that the TiO 2 NCs could cause the increase of adsorbed oxygen levels as well as the carrier mobility through forming the heterojunction with LaFeO 3. This work verifies that TiO 2 NCs implanted LaFeO 3 is a promising formaldehyde sensing material, which provides a new approach to improve sensing ability of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) based gas sensors. [Display omitted] • TiO 2 nanocrystals/LaFeO 3 p-n Junctions was produced first time. • LFO-1.5 TiO 2 sample exhibits high sensitivity and fast response to formaldehyde. • DFT calculation reveals adsorption energy decreases after modification of TiO 2 NCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxide semiconductor-based gas sensors often require noble metals for modification to enhance the carrier mobility of the material. However, current noble metal modifications are almost always performed at the material surface, making it difficult to apply them to the particle boundaries (PBs) of the material, which can greatly reduce the utilization of noble metals. We herein synthesized Pt nanocrystals (NCs) with average size of 1 nm by the technology of pulsed laser irradiation, followed by in situ embedded at the PBs of SnO 2 nanofibers to address the unwanted carrier loss at PBs for substantially improved gas sensing. The Pt NCs/SnO 2 exhibited 2.23-fold enhancement of response values, and 2.86-fold improvement on selectivity for NO 2 at 50 °C, comparing to these samples without PBs engineering. Further analysis showed that the enhancement of the gas-sensitive performance is mainly due to the electronic and chemical sensitization of Pt NCs at the SnO 2 PBs and the high utilization of Pt NCs leading to a significant increase in the carrier mobility of the material. We thus believe present work provides an efficient alternative for developing high performance gas sensing based on materials with intrinsic particle boundaries. [Display omitted] • Pt nanocrystals (NCs) were implanted into the particle boundaries of SnO 2 nanofibers. • SnO 2 -2 mL Pt exhibits a surprising selectivity for NO 2 at 50 °C (Q = 22.88). • The detection limit is as low as 50 ppb at 50 °C. • Pt NCs improve the carrier mobility and oxygen adsorption capacity of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stimulatory heterotrimeric G s protein alpha subunit (G s α) is a ubiquitous guanine nucleotide-binding protein that regulates the intracellular cAMP signaling pathway and consequently participates in a wide range of biological events. In the reproductive system, despite G s α being associated with oocyte meiotic arrest in vitro, the exact role of G s α in female fertility in vivo remains largely unknown. Here, we generated oocyte-specific G s α knockout mice by using the Cre/LoxP system. We observed that the deletion of G s α caused complete female infertility. Exclusion of post-implantation abnormalities, oogenesis, fertilization, and early embryo development was subsequently monitored; meiosis in G s α-deficient oocytes precociously resumed in only 43% of antral follicles from mutant mice, indicating that alteration of meiotic pause was not the key factor in infertility. Ovulation process and number were normal, but the rate of morphological abnormal oocytes was apparently increased; spindle organization, fertilization, and early embryo development were impaired. Furthermore, the level of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and the mitochondrial aggregation increased, and antioxidant glutathione (GSH) content, ATP level, mtDNA copy number, and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased in G s α-deficient oocytes. GV oocytes from mutant mice showed early-stage apoptosis. Meanwhile, the G s α knockout-induced decline in oocyte quality and low developmental potential was partially rescued by antioxidant supplementation. To sum up, our results are the first to reveal that the profile of G s α oocyte-specific deletion caused female infertility in vivo, and oxidative stress plays an important role in this event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Confirming the transcriptional repressing activity of DLN144, which has been demonstrated to have stronger repressing effectiveness in yeast testing system, in planta. • Identifying two more transcriptional repressor domains, DLS and MIX, in plant cells. • The transcriptional repressing activities of DLN144, DLS and MIX were elucidated both in monocot and dicot. With the development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system in gene editing, the catalytic site in Cas9 has been mutated to dead Cas9 (dCas9) to regulate target gene's expression with the guidance of single guide RNA (sgRNA) in many organisms. When dCas9 was navigated to the region close to the transcription start site, duo to sterical hindrance, it could downregulate the expression level of target gene specifically without genomic alteration. Furthermore, the fusion of synthetic transcriptional repressor domain (TRD) to dCas9 could improve the gene silencing efficiency dramatically, the above all was also known as CRISPR interference system (CRISPRi). Till now, SRDX repressor domain was the most frequently used TRD in plant. Nevertheless, its incomplete repression limited the application of CRISPRi system. Hereafter, in this study, we identified three more effective TRDs, DLN144, DLS and MIX in plant. To dissect the transcriptional repressing activity of DLN144, DLS and MIX in plant, first and foremost, we proved their transcriptional repression efficiency in transient transformed Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Then, their intrinsic transcriptional repressing activity was corroborated in stable transgenic wheat and N. benthamiana. These three functional TRDs, DLN144, DLS and MIX, provide more options for the application of CRISPRi in plant and shed new light on the advancement of more robust TRDs by combining different individual effective repressor domain in plant which will facilitate the application of CRISPRi when higher repression efficiency is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on light guiding flexible fused silica tubing with its cladding stripped and coated with gold film as SPR sensing area is presented. Theoretical simulate of the proposed sensing structure for different sensing area length and different film thickness of sensors is done to obtain the suitable parameters, and the simulation for different refractive index is carried out. Meanwhile, the experiments for refractive index (RI) measurement have been demonstrated using the developed sensor, 400 μm optical fiber sensor and 125 μm optical fiber sensor. Experimental results have shown the capillary sensor has advantage in terms of sensitivity and resolution. The capillary sensor is also used for detecting and monitoring biochemical binding and dissociation processes of the RNase B and Con A. It is proved that the sensor with chemical modification can be implemented for specific biochemical sensing [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real-time detection of formaldehyde is of great importance in the environmental pollution monitoring and healthcare. LaFeO 3 is one of the potential candidate sensing material for formaldehyde detection due to high sensitivity and good stability. However, the working temperature, the detection limits and the anti-jamming capability still need to be further improved. In this work, In-doped LaFeO 3 porous structure was synthesized by a facile sol-gel method to improve the material sensing capability. The gas sensing measurements indicates that the response value is 122 towards 100 ppm formaldehyde at optimal temperature of 125 °C, 2 times increment over that of pristine material. More importantly, the sensor demonstrates distinct response even when the concentration of formaldehyde steam reach as low as 1 ppb, which is as far as we know the lowest detection limit in the record. Further characterization and theoretical calculation reveals that the improved sensing performance closely relates to the increased surface area, abundant oxygen vacancies, and reduced surface adsorption energy. These results suggest that In-doped LaFeO 3 is a promising formaldehyde sensing material for the practical application. In-doped porous LaFeO 3 exhibit highly sensitivity toward trace formaldehyde at 125 ºC. [Display omitted] • In-doped porous LaFeO 3 was synthesized by a facile sol-gel method. • 1.5 at% In-LaFeO 3 sample exhibits 1 ppb detection limit towards HCHO at 125 oC. • The introduced In in LaFeO 3 can increase oxygen vacancies and reduce surface adsorption energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]